Cov tswv cuab tau xav txog lub Tsiab Peb Caug Xyoo Tshiab lub rooj sib tham, lub rooj sib tham tau pib nrog cov khoom plig ntawm cov khoom plig txhua xyoo muaj npe tom qab tus kws kes duab vajtse Alexei Gutnov, uas tau muab rau cov kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws, theoretical thiab tswv yim hauv nroog npaj txhim kho rau cov phiaj xwm dav dav lossis qee qhov sib faib me me ntawm lub nroog. "Mosproekt-2" (lub taub hau los ntawm MM Posokhin) tau raug qhuas rau kev tsim cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog rau kev txhim kho thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw ntawm "Lub Kaum Hli Liab" lub Hoobkas. Lub Koom Haum Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Cov Phiaj Xwm tau raug muab ob zaug: rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog npaj rau kev txuag thiab siv cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv thaj chaw keeb kwm (thawj coj Sergei Tkachenko) thiab rau kev txhim kho hauv nroog cov haujlwm rau txoj kev rov tsim ntawm thaj chaw ua lag luam (thawj coj Valery Bekker).
Thawj nqe lus nug ntawm pawg sab laj - hais txog kev tsim qauv ntawm Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya metro kab rau cov qeb ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb vim kev tsis yooj yim - tau pom tseeb txij thaum pib thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev sib tham. Raws li Nikolai Shumakov, uas tau tshaj tawm nws, tau sau tseg tias metro yog priori ib qho kev tsim tshwj xeeb. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm hydrogeological tej yam kev mob - ceg ob zaug hla lub txaj dej - Moskva River thiab Gorodnya, uas yuav tsum muaj kev tshaj lij ntxiv rau kev daws teeb meem los ntawm Metrogiprotrans architects. Lub tswv yim ntawm kab hlau xov kab tshiab ua haujlwm rau thaj chaw ntawm Orekhovo-Borisovo, Brateevo, Zyablikovo yug 15 xyoo dhau los, niaj hnub no qhov kev xav tau nws tau ua qhov tsis tseem ceeb. Txhawm rau tshem tawm Krasnogvardeyskaya chaw nres tsheb ntawm kab ntsuab, hloov mus rau Zyablikovo chaw nres tsheb ntawm Lyublinskaya kab tshiab yuav raug tsim nyob hauv cov ciav hlau uas twb muaj lawm. Ntxiv rau qhov chaw nres tsheb no, nws muaj ob qhov ntxiv hauv qhov haujlwm - "Shipilovskaya" thiab "Borisovo", txhua qhov ntiav, vaulted, nrog ob lub chaw ntau qhov chaw.
Andrei Bokov qhia txog tias cov haujlwm tsim kho ntawm Moscow metro yog ib txwm muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, thiab tam sim no ib qho tsis xav tau kev pom zoo. Yuri Grigoriev, tus thawj coj ntawm pawg sab laj, tau pom zoo, sau cia, lub sijhawm ntawd, hais tias cov architecture ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb yav tom ntej tseem yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab cais.
Tom qab ntawd lub tsev so thiab chaw ua lag luam ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm Novinsky Boulevard nrog Novy Arbat tau txiav txim siab. Peb tab tom tham txog theem ob - kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev so tsib lub hnub qub. Thawj theem tsim tau nyob rau xyoo 2006; nws yog lub khw thiab chaw ua haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm Kamennaya Sloboda, Kompozitorskaya thiab Sadovoye Koltso kev. Lub faadesade ntawm ob lub ntim (tsim thiab ua haujlwm) tsim ib cov arc, uas sib koom ua ke lawv muaj kev sib xyaw. Ib qho ntxiv, lawv tau muab tso rau ntawm ib qho sib txig sib txig sib luag ntawm lub ntsej muag ntsia Sadovaya nrog lub pob zeb loj.
Raws li tus sau ntawm qhov project, Vladimir Kolosnitsin, tau piav qhia, cov neeg siv khoom xav kom lub tsev so facades sib txawv los ntawm thawj theem nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntau dua pom thiab "presentability", vim txhua lub tsev so ntawm qib no feem ntau zoo li tsoos, muaj kev txiav txim zoo nkauj thiab muaj kho kom zoo nkauj tshaj plaws li. Qhov tseeb no muab cov sau phau ntawv ntawm qhov project nyob rau hauv ib qhov teeb meem nyuaj: ntawm qhov one tes, nws zoo nkaus li rau lawv tsis muaj tseeb los cais lub tsev so ntawm tus so ntawm lub complex thiab dai nws nyias, ntawm qhov tod tes, lub tsev so khoom kim heev stylistically tsis tuaj yeem. yog kev txuas ntxiv ntawm cov iav niaj hnub ntawm kev yuav khoom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, pawg sab tau qhia txog peb txoj kev xaiv rau lub ntsej muag.
Cov haujlwm ua haujlwm yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub tsev nyob hauv ib qho tseem ceeb hauv nroog kev npaj tswv yim nyob ntawm ciam teb ntawm ob lub tsev sib txawv: los ntawm Novy Arbat sab - “phau ntawv tsev”, txuas ntxiv rau Kutuzovsky Prospekt los ntawm lub tuam tsev saum toj kawg nkaus ntawm kaum tsev nrog Vaj Lub Nplhaib. Thiab los ntawm sab ntawm Novinsky Boulevard - 1-2-storey qub nroog vaj tse Moscow, ib zaug saib dhau ntawm txoj kev ntawm tus choj, thiab tam sim no txuas ntawm lub tsev so ua haujlwm. Hauv thawj version, cov kws sau ntawv txiav txim siab "txuas" qhov qub nrog qhov tshiab nrog kev pab los ntawm "loj heev txiav txim" superimposed rau iav façade, tawm tswv yim txog kev npaj centric thiab asymmetric ntawm "colonnade". Hauv ob, qhov kev txiav txim yog stylized thiab "colonnade" zoo li niaj hnub. Hauv peb, nws tau txiav txim siab tso tseg "classics", thiab tawm hauv lub faadeade modernist, muab qee qhov monumentality los ntawm kev siv pob zeb. Cov kws sau ntawv tau pom ob qho kev daws teeb meem raws txoj kev no - daim phiaj pob zeb pob zeb (zoo li lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawm tub rog Frunze) los ntawm Lev Rudnev, superimposed rau iav saum npoo, lossis kab rov tav.
Raws li cov tswvcuab ntawm pawg sablaj uas tau hais, txij li qhov pom ntawm cov txheejtxheem, lub tsev so ua txhua yam. Vladimir Kolosnitsin paub tias yog ib tus kws tshaj lij hauv hom kab mob no. Kev sib tham tau tsom mus rau cov teeb meem faadeade xwb. Txoj haujlwm pabcuam Alexander Loktev tau sau tseg tias lub colonnade hnyav thiab qhov tseeb "thawb mus los ntawm" phab ntsa. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws sau ntawv, hauv nws lub tswv yim, pom txoj hauv kev yog los ntawm kev ua lub ntsej muag kom pom ntau dua "hnyav". Andrey Bokov pom zoo kom tsis txhob "tawm mus" ntawm lub faadeade, tab sis kom "ua kom muaj qhov nrawm, qhov hnyav, qis hauv qab", sib thooj rau daim duab ntawm lub tsev so tsib lub hnub qub. Bokov kuj tau kos lub luag haujlwm rau lub luag haujlwm thaum kawg ntawm lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm kev txav mus raws Sadovaya thiab pom zoo "tawm tsam" los ntawm kev ua loggias. Sergei Kiselev tsis nyiam kev xaiv colonnade ib qho twg - raws li nws, "kev txiav txim" tsis muab lus teb rau cov lus nug ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm architecture zoo li cas - "gravitational", i.e. classic lossis niaj hnub. Sergey Kiselev ntseeg hais tias kev txhais cov ntsiab lus niaj hnub no, zoo ib yam rau txhua qhov, nrog kev faib cov kab rov tav ntawm lub faadeade.
Alexander Kudryavtsev, tom qab nws cov npoj yaig, taw qhia qhov tsis raug ntawm txoj kev ntawm "kev coj ua" nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, qhov chaw uas cov tuam tsev Arbat qub tau tshwj tseg. Nws yog, raws li nws, kev hloov pauv rau tam sim no, rhuav tshem thiab hloov "los ntawm keeb kwm mus rau qhov tus phab ej no." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, raws li Kudryavtsev, cov ntawv niaj hnub nrog "sib tshooj txheej keeb kwm" yog qhov tsim nyog nyob ntawm no, txawm tias hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj, cov lus ntxim nyiam. Yuri Platonov txoj haujlwm tau zoo sib xws - "lub colonnade ntawm lub faadeade yog qhov tsis zoo thiab tsis tshua pom."
Ua cov ntsiab lus txhua nqe lus, Yuri Grigoriev paub qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm "kev sim ua haujlwm", uas tsis raug rau cov nplai ntawm cov keeb kwm kev txhim kho. Cov kws tsim qauv tau pom zoo los daws cov chaw so hauv tsev so hauv ib qhov hluav taws xob ntau ntawm cov theem ib, tab sis kom ua lub ces kaum ntawm lub tsev ib txwm muaj nyob hauv kev txiav txim mus rau hauv cov tuam tsev keeb kwm. Tus Thawj Coj kuj tau thov kom tsim qhov chaw npaj neeg taug kev hauv cov stylobate thiab feem ntau txhawb kev pom zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Sau
Cov yeej ntawm qhov khoom plig muaj npe tom qab kws kes duab vajtse Alexei Gutnov rau 2007
1. Rau "Keeb kwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho thaj chaw ntawm chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw tsis sib haum" Liab Lub Kaum Hli"
Posokhin Mikhail Mikhailovich
Nikulina Elena Grigorievna
Krymova Irina Vyacheslavovna
Konkina Olga Vasilievna
Merkelova Natalya Evgenievna
Tudosi Lyudmila Georgievna
Nikulin Pavel Alexandrovich
Pob tawb rau Yaroslav Alekseevich
Kipnis Vladimir Borisovich
2. Rau "Kev npaj hauv nroog txhawb rau kev txhim kho ntawm scientific thiab kev lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm Moscow thiab lub nroog cov kev pabcuam rau kev rov txhim kho hauv thaj chaw tsim kho"
Bekker Valery Yakovlevich
Bakhireva Lyubov Grigorievna
Galushko Olga Yurievna
Demchenko Oleg Anatolievich
Mitz Galine Viktorovna
Osadchey Ekaterina Tikhonovna
Chernyshova Natalia Alekseevna
Moiseeva Oksana Pavlovna
Balushkina Galina Valentinovna
Shustov Igor Nikolaevich
3. Los ntawm tag nrho cov haujlwm:
Ib "Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev npaj hauv nroog hauv thaj tsam keeb kwm thiab thaj chaw muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig ntawm cov chaw tiv thaiv kab lis kev cai hauv lub nroog Moscow"
"Cov tswvyim rau kev txuag, kev tsim kho dua tshiab thiab kev tsim kho thaj chaw hauv nroog thaum xyoo 1920-1930";
"Lub tswv yim tsim thaj chaw ncig ua si thiab thaj chaw ua si hauv Eastern Administrative District of Moscow"
Tkachenko Sergei Borisovich
Solovieva Elena Evgenievna
Tsareva Tatiana Vladimirovna
Marina Anatolyevna Belosludtseva
Gorbachev Nikolai Dmitrievich
Magakyan Tatiana Nikolaevna
Verkhovsky Dmitry Alexandrovich
Borovik Elena Nikolaevna
Stetsyuk Tatiana Alekseevna
Davydov Dmitry Sergeevich
