Cov Lus Txaus Ntshai "kho Tshiab"

Cov Lus Txaus Ntshai "kho Tshiab"
Cov Lus Txaus Ntshai "kho Tshiab"

Video: Cov Lus Txaus Ntshai "kho Tshiab"

Video: Cov Lus Txaus Ntshai
Video: xov xwm kub heev tsheb ntxeev txau ntshai heev 2024, Plaub Hlis Ntuj
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Nov yog lub tsev qiv ntawv tseem ceeb nyob rau ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm txoj kev 42th Street thiab 5 Avenue hauv Manhattan. Lub tuam tsev Beaux-Arts lub tsev no los ntawm Carrère & Hastings tseem yuav luag tsis hloov txij li thaum nws qhib xyoo 1911. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau lub xyoo pua dhau los, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj li 20 xyoo dhau los, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev qiv ntawv tau hloov pauv ntau yam, raws li muaj cov kev cai rau phau ntawv chaw khaws nyiaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev kub ntxhov tsis tuaj yeem raug txo nqi: tsis zoo li lwm lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv Asmeskas, New York Public (NYPL) tsis tau txais kev pabcuam xws li nws lub tsev qiv ntawv, thiab tsis tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau lab daus las hauv tsev kawm ntawv qib siab zoo li Harvard. Nws tshwm sim ntawm cov nyiaj ntawm lub nroog thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo, yog li xyoo tsis ntev los no nws tau yuam kom txo cov ntawv yuav cov ntawv tshiab thiab txawm nteg qee tus neeg ua haujlwm.

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Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Вид главного фасада со стороны 5-й авеню. Фото Wikimedia Commons
Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Вид главного фасада со стороны 5-й авеню. Фото Wikimedia Commons
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Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov koob meej ntawm nws lub hauv paus yog qhov tsawg zuj zus: raws li NYPL kev tswj hwm, 15 xyoo dhau los, kev siv cov qhua rau nws cov khoom sau tau tsawg dua 41%, thiab nyob rau txhua xyoo tshwj xeeb lawv thov tsuas yog 6% ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm (uas cuam tshuam nrog coob zuj zus ntawm cov phau ntawv luam tawm thiab cov ntawv sau tawm). Tib lub sijhawm, xyoo 2011 nws tau mus ntsib 2,5 lab tus tib neeg - cov ntaub ntawv hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub koom haum no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias txij li xyoo 1971 tsuas yog lub tsev qiv ntawv tshawb txuj ci nyob hauv lub tsev, thiab chav ua haujlwm teev npe tau hloov mus rau hauv lub tsev rov qab.

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Hauv xyoo 2008, nws tau tshaj tawm tias daim ntawv hla yuav rov qab mus rau hauv lub tuam tsev keeb kwm (nws lub tsev tam sim no tsis tshua meej lawm), thiab cov ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kev lag luam thiab ntaub ntawv lag luam tseem yuav nkag mus (nws cov neeg tuaj poob 78%, vim cov khoom siv feem ntau yog tam sim no muaj nyob online). Lawv cov tsev yuav raug muag kom them nyiaj los ntawm kev kho tshiab uas yuav muaj tom ntej no. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov "yuav khoom tshiab no", tsawg phau "nrov" (2-3 lab tawm ntawm 5 lab khaws cia hauv tsev qiv ntawv) tau npaj los thauj mus rau Princeton, New Jersey thiab xa mus rau Manhattan li ntawm 24 teev thaum thov txog. Cov khoom siv tas lawm yuav tsum tau nyob hauv qhov chaw khaws cia hauv av hauv qab Bryant Park, ib sab ntawm lub tsev nyob tom qab. Kev hloov kho zoo li no yuav txo tus nqi khiav lag luam ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv pej xeem loj no los ntawm $ 7-15 lab ib xyoos (txawm tias NYPL muaj lub network ntawm 91 ceg uas yuav txuas ntxiv mus ua haujlwm). Cov nyiaj no yuav tsum tau siv los txhim kho lub tsev qiv ntawv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm (txog 11 teev tsaus ntuj rau hnub tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib), khaws pob nyiaj, nyiam cov neeg ua haujlwm tshiab, yuav cov koos pij tawj rau cov qhua, nthuav kev kawm thiab nthuav qhia cov haujlwm.

Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Вестибюль. Фото © Karen Johnson
Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Вестибюль. Фото © Karen Johnson
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Tab sis txhawm rau faib chaw rau tag nrho cov kev tsim tshiab no, nws yuav tsum rhuav tshem 7 qib ntawm cov hlau thaiv rau cov phau ntawv txhawb nqa chav nyeem ntawv tseem ceeb nyob rau saum lawv, 90 m ntev. Qhov chav tsev zoo nkauj tsis yog yuav tsum tau kov, yog li ntawd, tshem tawm nws cov qauv kev txhawb nqa - cov chaw khaws keeb kwm no - yuav xav tau haujlwm ntau heev … Lawv qhov project tau tsim txawm tias ua ntej kev sib tw rau lub tsev qiv ntawv nws tus kheej tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1897, thiab txhua tus neeg koom nrog yuav tsum haum cov hlau loj no mus rau lawv cov dej num. Lawb tawm nws yuav tsis tsuas pub dawb qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau pej xeem: tam sim no nws tsis muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg hluav taws, tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo, yog li nws qhov zoo raws li phau ntawv khaws khoom niaj hnub tuaj yeem nug.

Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Фото © Karen Johnson
Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Фото © Karen Johnson
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Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Фото © Karen Johnson
Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Фото © Karen Johnson
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Vim lub sijhawm muaj teeb meem, lub phiaj xwm tsis tau hnov los ntawm pej xeem, thiab tom qab ntawv ncua vim tias lub sijhawm tsis tau paub tias tsis muaj nyiaj, tab sis xyoo 2011 tau pib ua haujlwm, thiab tom qab ntawd cov pej xeem rov tawm tsam. Cov kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb tau tsa los ntawm "qhov txuas" ntawm cov phau ntawv rau Princeton: raws li cov kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem xa lawv mus rau New York los ntawm tsheb thauj khoom los ntawm kev tsheb khiav hauv 24 teev tom qab kev thov. Tab sis txawm li ib hnub yog ntau dhau rau ib tus tub ntxhais kawm npaj rau kev xa daim ntawv kawm tiav los yog rau tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Los Angeles uas tau tuaj rau New York tau ob peb hnub mus saib lub tsev qiv ntawv. Ib tsab ntawv tawm tsam xws li kev tsim kho tshiab tau kos npe, ntxiv rau ntau txhiab tus kws sau ntawv thiab kws tshawb nrhiav, Salman Rushdie thiab Mario Vargas Llosa. Cov kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv cov peev txheej loj ntawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tau nyiam cov neeg tuaj ncig thoob ntiaj teb mus rau lub tsev qiv ntawv New York; dhau ib xyoo dhau los ntawm nws cov hav zoov, cov ntawv sau thiab cov paj huam tau mob siab rau nws: qhov kev nyiam tshwj xeeb no, raws li nws muab tawm, tuaj yeem yog yooj yim poob hauv kev nrhiav kev tsim kho tshiab.

Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Читальный зал. Фото © Karen Johnson
Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Читальный зал. Фото © Karen Johnson
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Cov pej xeem tseem txhawj xeeb txog qhov rov qab mus rau lub tsev qiv nyiaj tseem ceeb, nrog nws qhib kev nkag mus ncig cov tsev nyob thiab cov chaw ntiav tshiab hauv tsev qiv ntawv tshiab. Lub tsev tam sim no ntawm kev ua npe hauv tsev yog qhov tsis muaj suab nrov thiab muaj neeg coob coob, qhov xwm txheej no yuav tsim nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tshiab (qub), uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib mus rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv keeb kwm - los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm mus rau ib tus kws sau ntawv zoo.

Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Фото © Karen Johnson
Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Фото © Karen Johnson
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Qhov teeb meem thib peb, piav qhia zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Phab Ntsa Street Journal tus kws lij choj tawm tswv yim Ada Louise Huxtable, yog kev txhawj xeeb ntawm keeb kwm lub tsev nws tus kheej - lub tsev teev npe. Lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev, chaw tos txais thiab rooj nthuav qhia yog qhov kev tiv thaiv hauv nws. Rau qee qhov laj thawj, chav nyeem ntawv tsis suav nrog hauv cov npe no, thiab cov txee, lub tuam tsev ntawm monument art ntawm lawv lub sijhawm, tsis tuaj yeem tau txais cov xwm txheej ntawm cov monument hauv txoj ntsiab cai, vim tias lawv tsis yog qhov khoom siv tau.

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Qhov teeb meem ntawm "sib txuas" cov phau ntawv tau yuav luag daws los ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv pawg thawj coj saib kev ntseeg, Abby Milstein, uas, ua ke nrog nws tus txiv Howard Milstein, pub nyiaj $ 8 lab los nthuav cov chaw khaws khoom hauv av ze Bryant Park. Tam sim no tsuas muaj 1.2 lab phau ntawv yuav mus rau hauv Princeton, feem ntau ntawm cov uas twb tau mus txiav tawm lawm. Tab sis tas cov kev tawm tsam - kev hloov pauv ntawm ib qho chaw kev coj noj coj ua tseem ceeb rau hauv "café nrog cov phau ntawv" thiab qhov tsis sib xws ntawm nws cov tsos - tsis tau poob lawv qhov tseeb.

Разрез стеллажей Нью-йоркской публичной библиотеки. Обложка журнала Scientific American, 27 мая 1911
Разрез стеллажей Нью-йоркской публичной библиотеки. Обложка журнала Scientific American, 27 мая 1911
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Cov kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau tshwm sim ntev ua ntej kev nthuav qhia ntawm qhov haujlwm ua ntej, uas tau muaj nyob hauv lub lim tiam dhau los (txawm tias Norman Foster raug tsa los kho nws rov qab rau xyoo 2008). Txawm tias cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm kev kho tshiab vam tias tus kws tshaj lij Askiv yuav los nrog qee qhov kev daws teeb meem, zoo li nws Reichstag dome hauv Berlin, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev sib koom ua ke qub thiab tshiab, txawm tias nws tsis tau daws txhua cov lus nug.

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Ntawm kev nthuav qhia, nws tau muab tawm tias tus kws kes duab vajtse tsis tau tseem xav txog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, kev xa khoom ceev ntawm cov chaw cia rau hauv av rau cov nyeem), tab sis tsom mus rau lwm cov ntsiab lus.

Norman Foster hais kom tsim qhov chaw ntawm chaw nyob ntawm 5 Avenue lub ntsiab nkag chaw tos txais los ntawm chav ua kom pom mus rau lub atrium tshiab tom qab façade (qhov no yuav yog thawj qhov qhib rau sab hauv: nws siv los thaiv los ntawm chaw nkaum). Nyob ntawd, hloov chaw hauv cov txee uas ploj, cov plag tsev thiab chav nyeem ntawv nyeem sab saud yuav raug txhawb los ntawm 20-meter kab. Lub atrium qhib mus rau plaub theem ntawm cov chaw tso npe nkag, tsim raws li cov sam thiaj. Cov rhawv dai nrog cov hlau cam khwb cia nrog cov ntawv keeb kwm yuav ua rau pom cov phau ntawv los ntawm ob qho chaw tso npe thiab nws tus kheej. Tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw no yuav luag 10 txhiab m2.

Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Задний фасад и Брайант-парк. Фото с сайта fourseasfoursuns.blogspot.ru
Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека. Задний фасад и Брайант-парк. Фото с сайта fourseasfoursuns.blogspot.ru
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Qee qhov chaw ua haujlwm, tam sim no hloov mus rau hauv chaw ua haujlwm thiab chaw tshaj lij, yuav rov qab qhib rau pej xeem: yuav muaj cov chaw tsim tshiab rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas phau ntawv, qhov chaw kawm yuav muaj nyob hauv chav tsev hauv qab daus, thiab chav nyeem ntawv tshiab “Cov kws sau ntawv. 'Chav yuav qhib. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, raws li kev tswj hwm hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv, 66% ntawm lub tsev chaw yuav muaj rau cov neeg tuaj saib tab sis tsis dhau 30% tam sim no. Txog tam sim no, Foster tau xaiv pob zeb, ntoo thiab tooj liab kom kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv, uas yog koom ua ke nrog keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev.

Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека - реконструкция © dbox. Courtesy of Foster + Partners
Нью-йоркская публичная библиотека - реконструкция © dbox. Courtesy of Foster + Partners
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Txoj haujlwm ua rau muaj ob peb tus neeg: tsis hais txog qhov sib txawv ntau (txawm hais tias tus kws kes duab ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws txij li xyoo 2011), nws zoo li cov neeg thuam tsis muaj zog, qhia tau yooj yim hloov kho rau ib puag ncig, txawm hais tias lub zog ntawm Foster qhov kev tsim kho yav dhau los tau ncaj qha rau hauv lawv muaj peev xwm coj kev sib tham nrog yav dhau los ntawm kev sib npaug. Nws tseem tsis tau meej dab tsi yog qhov pom ntawm kev pib qhov kev hloov "grandiose" rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig xws li qhov tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig (thiab txawm tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg) tshwm sim, uas tsis coj ib yam dab tsi tseem ceeb tshiab rau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv lossis lub chaw nyeem ntawv feem ntau.

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Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib qho tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo tias txawm tias muaj kev hwm rau New York Public, cov tsev qiv ntawv yuav tsum ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub hnub nyoog digital, tsis txhob hais txog kev nyab xeeb hluav taws Yog li ntawd, lub tsev qiv ntawv tau ntsib nrog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tab sis kev zam dhau ntawm kev ua kom tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm ntawd, nws yuav muaj peev xwm khaws nws tus kheej los ua ib lub koom haum kev coj noj coj ua, lub sijhawm yuav qhia, thiab qhov ze tshaj plaws: kev rov tsim kho nrog pob nyiaj $ 300 lab yuav pib thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2013 thiab yuav ua tiav rau xyoo 2018

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