Txhua tus tau pom cov cib loj loj nrog ntau dhau los ntawm qhov. Cov no yog cov ntxeem tau ceramics - pob zeb. Tus txheej txheem txiav txim siab pob zeb ua qhov loj-qhov loj me hollow ceramic khoom npaj rau masonry. Qhov tshwj xeeb zoo li lub qhov thiab tua hluav taws kub hauv qhov kub siab tso cai rau tsis yog kom pom qhov khoom xwb tsis muaj txo lub zog qib, tab sis kuj yuav sau nws nrog huab cua, uas, raws li koj paub, yog ib qho zoo cua kub ntxig. Tab sis qhov nthuav ntau tshaj plaws yog "khaws cia" hauv cov phab ntsa me me, txuas hniav, ntawm ib txhais tes muaj zog los ntawm kev tua hluav taws, thiab ntawm lwm qhov - muaj ntau txhiab tus micro kab noj hniav, uas kuj tau sau nrog huab cua. Nws yog thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem ntau lawm uas sawdust tshwj xeeb ntxiv rau av nplaum, uas, thaum hlawv, tsim "sov pores".
Thaum xam xyuas cov nqi kev tsim kho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau suav nrog tsis yog tus nqi ntawm cov tuam tsev cov ntaub ntawv lawv tus kheej, tab sis qhov nce thiab poob uas tau txais thaum xaiv lawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias peb tab tom tham txog kev tsim kho ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud ntawm lub tsev, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau tus lej theem ntawm qhov tsis kam mus rau kev hloov mus rau cua sov ntawm tus qauv, uas thaum kawg cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm cua sov thiab cua txias hauv chav. Qhov siab dua qhov kev kam, kev siv hluav taws xob ntau hauv lub tsev.
Nrog txoj kev xaiv zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau cov phab ntsa sab nraud, koj tuaj yeem nce thaj tsam tiag tiag ntawm chav vim muaj txheej txheej txheej nyias nyias. Tau kawg, theem ntawm tsis kam mus rau kev hloov mus rau tshav kub ntawm lub masonry yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv. Peb muab koj cov lus sib piv ntawm cov qauv loj ntawm txhua tus neeg tsim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm thermal thiab nyiaj txiag kev lag luam ntawm kev siv.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tsom xam no yog nrhiav kom paub tias hom ntawv twg loj yog cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los siv. Rau kev sib piv, cia peb siv cov blocks ntawm cov hom nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Moscow thiab cheeb tsam Moscow:
KERAKAM, POROTHER, RAUF, BRAER, GZHEL.
Dab tsi thaiv yog nws txaus kom nteg rau sab hauv phab ntsa hauv tsuas yog ib txheej, thaum soj ntsuam cov kev cai ntawm kev tsis kam mus rau thaum tshav kub kub?
Rau txhua hom, peb yuav suav seb hom cua sov hloov kho lub nrawm sab nraud yuav muaj, thiab xaiv cov hom rau qhov ntsuas no yuav tsis qis dua qhov kev cai thaum tso cov blocks hauv tsuas yog ib txheej.
Yog li, hauv Moscow, cov cai ntawm kev tsis kam mus rau tshav kub hloov ntawm lwm cov phab ntsa yog 3.13 m² • ° С / W.
Cov ua hauj thermal thev naus laus zis ntawm lub tsev tsim vaj huam sib luag yog sib npaug ntawm cov lej ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm thermal resistance coefficients ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ua cov qauv no. Ntawd yog, yog tias sab nrauv phab ntsa suav nrog txheej txheej ntawm ntsib cib ntawm cov xuab zeb-xuab zeb cug, txheej txheej ntawm cov nplais ntawm tib lub cug thiab cov cement-sand txheej thov sab hauv chav, ces lub tshav kub hloov tsis kam ntawm phab ntsa yog txiav txim siab raws li nram no:
R = 1 / αv + R1 + R2 + R3 + 1 / αn,(1)
Qhov twg
αw = 8.7 W / (m² • ° С) yog cov tshav kub hloov coefficient ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov txheej txheem thaiv, =н = 23 W / (m² • ° С) yog cov tshav kub hloov coefficient (rau lub caij ntuj no) ntawm qhov chaw sab nrauv ntawm cov qauv thaiv, Cov txiaj ntsig R1, R2, R3 yog qhov kub hloov pauv ntawm txhua txheej txheej.
Txhua ntawm cov nqi no yog xam los ntawm cov qauv: R = δ / λ, qhov twg δ yog qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom txheej, thiab λ yog qhov coefficient ntawm nws cov thermal conductivity.
R1 - thermal tsis kam ntawm ntsib cov pob zeb nrog cov tuab ntawm cov cement-xuab zeb cug (tuab - 0.102 m, thiab thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.53 W / m °:):
R1 = δ1 / λ1 = 0.102 / 0.53 m2 • ° С / W = 0.19 m2 • ° С / W
R2 - thermal tsis kam ntawm cov nplais raws li cov cement-sand mortar. Qhov ntsuas no yuav muab suav hauv qab no cais rau txhua hom npe tau xaiv.
R3 yog lub thermal tsis kam ntawm cov cement-xuab zeb cug thov hauv tsev (tuab - 0.015 m, thiab cov thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.76 W / m °:):
R3 = δ3 / λ3 = 0.015 / 0.76 m2 • ° С / W = 0.02 m2 • ° С / W
Hloov tag nrho cov nqi rau hauv cov qauv (1), peb tau txais:
R = R2 + (1 / 8.7 + 0.19 + 0.02 + 1/23) m2 • ° С / W
lossis
R = R2 + 0.37 m² • ° С / W = 2 / λ2 + 0.37 m2 • ° С / W(2)
Nco ntsoov: qhov siab dua tus nqi R, qhov zoo dua lub tsev lub hnab ntawv lub peev txheej thermal thiab lub zog txuag.
Tam sim no cia peb suav qhov kev tawm tsam rau kev hloov mus rau tshav kub ntawm lub masonry los ntawm cov hom loj uas tau xaiv rau kev tsom xam. Lawv cov thermal conductivity coefficients teev hauv cov ntawv xeem yog los ntawm kev tsim cov nroj tsuag.
Rau qhov no peb siv tus qauv (2):
R = δ2 / λ2 + 0.37 m2 • ° С / W
hloov mus rau hauv nws δ2 - lub thickness ntawm cov khoom txheej, uas yog, qhov thaiv, thiab λ2 - qhov coefficient ntawm nws cov thermal conductivity.
Rau txhua hom kev thaiv, peb tau txais cov cim hauv qab no ntawm kev tsis kam mus rau thaum tshav kub kub:
KERAKAM 30 SuperThermo: R = (0.30 / 0.123 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 2.81 m2 • C C / W
KERAKAM 38: R = (0.38 / 0.220 + 0.37) m2 • ° С / W = 2.10 m2 • ° С / W
KERAKAM 38 Thermo: R = (0.38 / 0.180 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 2.48 m2 • ° C / W
KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo: R = (0.38 / 0.121 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 3.51 m² • ° С / W
KERAKAM 44: R = (0.44 / 0.139 + 0.37) m² • ° С / W = 3.54 m² • ° С / W
KERAKAM 51: R = (0.51 / 0.190 + 0.37) m2 • ° С / W = 3.05 m2 • ° С / W
POROTHERM 38: R = (0.38 / 0.170 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 2.61 m2 • ° C / W
POROTHERM 44: R = (0.44 / 0.147 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 3.36 m² • ° С / W
POROTHERM 51: R = (0.51 / 0.161 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 3.54 m² • ° С / W
RAUF 10.7 NF: R = (0.38 / 0.185 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 2.42 m2 • ° C / W
RAUF 14.3 NF: R = (0.51 / 0.185 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 3.13 m² • ° С / W
BRAER Ceramic Thermo 10.7 NF: R = (0.38 / 0.191 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 2.35 m2 • ° C / W
BRAER THAIV 44: R = (0.44 / 0.191 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 2.67 m2 • ° C / W
BRAER Ceramic Thermo 14.3 NF: R = (0.51 / 0.191 + 0.37) m2 • ° C / W = 3.04 m2 • ° C / W
GZHEL 10.7 NF: R = (0.38 / 0.186 + 0.37) m2 • ° С / W = 2.41 m2 • ° С / W
GZHEL 10.7 NF Termocode: R = (0.38 / 0.146 + 0.37) m² • ° С / W = 2.97 m² • ° С / W
GZHEL 12.3 NF: R = (0.44 / 0.160 + 0.37) m2 • ° С / W = 3.12 m2 • ° С / W
Txij li cov qauv rau Moscow yog 3.13 m² • ° С / W, tsuas yog thaiv cov KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo, KERAKAM 44, POROTHERM 44, POROTHERM 51 thiab RAUF 51 hom tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib txheej hauv sab nrauv phab ntsa.
Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau nce thaj chaw hauv pem teb thaum xaiv cov qauv loj loj?
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm freeing li qhov chaw ntxiv yog ib qho uas yog thinner dua lwm tus. Piv nrog KERAKAM 44, POROTHERM 44 (lawv cov tuab yog 44 cm), kev siv KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo cov pob nrog tuab 38 cm nce thaj tsam ntawm chav tsev yog 0.06 m2, thiab piv rau POROTHERM 51 thiab RAUF 51 (tuab - 51 cm) - los ntawm 0.13 s m² los ntawm txhua qhov khiav khiav ntawm phab ntsa.
Nws hloov tawm tias qhov hloov loj 44 cm tuab tuab nrog KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo tso cai rau koj kom tau txais ntxiv 2.4 m² rau txhua 100 m² ntawm thaj chaw npaj ua ntej, thiab yog tias koj hloov 51 cm tuab tuab nrog lawv, koj tau txais ib qho ntxiv 5.2 m² rau txhua qhov npaj 100 m².
Yuav ua li cas koj tuaj yeem txo cov nqi hauv paus?
Thaum siv KERAKAM 44, POROTHERM 44 lossis POROTHERM 51, qhov tuab ntawm cov pob zeb tiv thaiv txheej txheem yog 60 cm, thiab yog tias KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo siv kev hloov pauv, lub thickness ntawm cov pob zeb ua tiav pob zeb yuav raug txo kom 50 cm, thiab tus nqi lub hauv paus yuav nqis dua ntau dua 18%. Piv txwv li, hauv txoj kev no, thaum tsim lub tsev nrog thaj chaw ntawm 200 m² ntawm lub hauv paus, los ntawm 70,000 txog 150,000 rubles tau ntxiv kev cawm.
Koj tuaj yeem txuag nyiaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm phab ntsa li cas?
Rau ib lub cav khiav ntawm ib lub phab ntsa uas muaj qhov siab ntawm 3 meters, 50.4 daim, uas yog, 1.14 m³, KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo block lossis 50.4 pieces ntawm KERAKAM 44 yog xav tau, uas yog 1,32 m³. Yog tias koj siv POROTHERM 44, tom qab ntawd koj xav tau 52.41 block - uas yog 1.34 m³.
Tus nqi tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm lub tsev 1 m³ ntawm ib lub phab ntsa los ntawm cov thaiv zoo li no yog 1200 rubles. Yog li ntawd, nws hloov tawm tias kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo yuav raug nqi 1368 rubles, los ntawm KERAKAM 44 block - 1584 rubles, thiab los ntawm POROTHERM 44 - 1608 rubles. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias hloov POROTHERM 44 qhov thaiv nrog KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo block txo cov nqi tsim kho phab ntsa los ntawm 14.93%.
Koj tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj npaum li cas?
Tus nqi ntawm lub sov masonry cug LM 21-P, pom zoo los ntawm tag nrho cov tuam ntxhab, yog 360 rubles. rau 17.5 kg, uas yog 20.57 rubles. rau 1 kg.
Rau kev tsim kho ntawm 1 m³ ntawm loj-hom masonry block, 60 kg ntawm masonry cug yuav tsum. Qhov no txhais tau tias rau 1 KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo block, 1.36 kg ntawm kev daws rau tus nqi ntawm 28 rubles yog xav tau, rau ib qho POROTHERM 44 thaiv - 1.54 kg ntawm kev daws rau tus nqi ntawm 31.7 rubles, thiab rau txhua qhov POROTHERM 51 block - 1,75 kg daws hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 36 rubles.
Nws ua raws los ntawm qhov no tias thaum txhim kho lub phab ntsa ua los ntawm KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo, cov kev txuag nyiaj hauv cov nqi cug yog qhov tseem ceeb - piv nrog POROTHERM 44 qhov khoom, nws yuav muaj nyiaj txog 3.70 rubles, thiab nrog POROTHERM 51 - 8 rubles. ntawm masonry ntawm txhua lub thaiv!
Yog li, tus nqi pheej yig tshaj plaws ntawm cov hom loj loj yog KERAKAM 38 SuperThermo (nws qhov ntev: 260x380x219).
Siv cov kev thaiv no rau kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa sab nraud, lawv cov peev txheej ntawm kev lag luam pom tseeb - tus nqi ntawm lub hauv paus, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tshuaj khib yog qhov txo qis, qhov tseeb ntawm chav sab hauv yog nce siab,tib lub sijhawm, thaum tso cov khoom thaiv hauv ib txheej, cov cai ntawm kev tsis kam mus rau thaum tshav kub kub hloov ntawm phab ntsa raug pom.
Me me tab sis ntse!
Tag nrho cov khoom siv ua kom sov so rau kev tsim kho cov phab ntsa ntawm cov tsev me thiab ntau lub tsev, nrog rau kev xaiv ntau ntawm cov pwm thiab kev lag luam ntsib cib los ntawm Lavxias, British thiab European cov chaw tos koj hauv lub tuam txhab Kirill ntawm Begovaya Cov.
Daim ntawv cog lus nruj rau cov khoom siv rau lub tsev ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua!
Peb muab cov kws tsim qauv thiab cov qauv tsim kev koom tes sib koom tes.
