Hluav Taws Kev Nyab Xeeb Ntawm Chaw Ua Si

Cov txheej txheem:

Hluav Taws Kev Nyab Xeeb Ntawm Chaw Ua Si
Hluav Taws Kev Nyab Xeeb Ntawm Chaw Ua Si

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Video: Hluav Taws Kev Nyab Xeeb Ntawm Chaw Ua Si
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Kev nyab xeeb ntawm chaw ncaws pob tsis yog ib kab lus khoob. Cov neeg nyob hauv tebchaws Askiv tuaj yeem hais txog qhov no, qhov twg thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 11, 1985 ntawm lub chaw ntau pob hauv Bradford tau muaj qhov hluav taws kub uas tau tua 56 tus neeg. Lwm 200 cov neeg saib tau txais kub hnyav. Qhov ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov yog qhov tsis nyiam ntawm lub thoob khib nyiab hauv qab ntoo sawv. Tag nrho cov qauv tau engulfed hauv cov nplaim taws li ntawm tsib feeb tom qab cov tsos ntawm thawj hnov. Cov kev khiav dim tau raug kaw, thiab cov neeg saib tau sim khiav los ntawm kev khiav mus rau tom tshav puam. Cov neeg uas muaj kev mus los tsawg thiab cov neeg laus yuav tsis tuaj yeem khiav tawm ntawm lawv tus kheej. [1] Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no thiab cov khoom siv uas ua tau raws li cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov kev cai nruj ntawm cov koom haum ncaws pob hauv ntiaj teb tau pab tiv thaiv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no. Ntau yam ntawm lawv tau siv hauv peb lub tebchaws hauv kev npaj rau kev sib tw loj.

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus hais txog hluav taws kev nyab xeeb

Cov teeb meem kev nyab xeeb rau cov chaw ua si ntaus pob ncaws pob yog tsim los ntawm cov kev cai lij choj uas tsim nyog (Tsoomfwv Txoj Cai No. 123-FZ) thiab cov kev cai tswj hwm qee yam ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tsim cov chaw, tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej siv tshwj xeeb (STU) raug tsim kho. Lawv tau koom tes nrog cov tub ceev xwm tsim txoj hauv kev uas tau teev tseg los ntawm Ministry of Regional Development ntawm Russia, thiab yog tus neeg lav ntxiv ntawm kev txo qis kev pheej hmoo thiab txo qis qhov chaw txaus ntshai. [2]

Cov kev cai tswj hwm qhov muaj nyob ntawm ob qho kev tiv thaiv: nquag thiab passive. Thawj zaug suav nrog kev ceeb toom hluav taws thiab tshuaj tua hluav taws, lub tswb, cov pa hluav taws, teeb tsa rau cov dej thiab ua npuas tua hluav taws thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Cov khoom siv "nquag" ib txwm pom, nws yog qhov yooj yim rau cov neeg lub luag haujlwm rau kev tsim kho los tswj nws cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua haujlwm: kev ntsuam xyuas tsim nyog tuaj yeem nqa ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw txhua lub sijhawm. Nrog passive tiv thaiv, txhua yam yog me ntsis ntau nyuab. Nws hais txog cov kev daws teeb meem chaw thiab kev siv qee yam khoom siv sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Cov tom kawg feem ntau tau zais hauv qab qhov ua tiav, thiab cov qauv tsim thiab xaiv tsis raug pom tsis pom lub ntsej muag, yog li ntawd, kev ceev faj yuav tsum tau los ntawm ob tus tuam txhab tsim ua vaj tsev thiab cov thawj saib xyuas.

Cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb los ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov chaw ua si kis las suav nrog kev faib rau hauv cov kem cais nrog thaj chaw tsis tshaj 2500 m² thiab qhov siab tsis ntau tshaj 50 m (16 plag tsev). Nws yog nqa tawm siv qhov kev tsim kho ntawm thiaj li hu ua firewalls, uas yog, hluav taws kub ntsa. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog ua los ntawm cov koom haum kev khiav tawm mus rau tib neeg: qhov chaw tawm yuav tsum ua rau cov ntaiv tsis muaj pa luam yeeb uas ua rau qhov chaw nyab xeeb. Qhov dav tshaj yog ntxiv tiv thaiv los ntawm hluav taws thiab pa taws, thiab cov qhov tso tawm tau nruab nrog lub qhov rooj hluav taws. Kev tawm ntawm lub teeb rau hauv pem teb thiab ntaiv yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov kev xaiv ntawm lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv, nrog rau cov rwb thaiv tsev rau phab ntsa, lub ntsej muag thiab lub ru tsev, txij li tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav tawm hluav taws, kev haus luam yeeb ntawm cov pa luam yeeb, kev nyab xeeb tag nrho ntawm cov qauv thiab cov teeb meem uas xav tau ntawm cov hluav taws ntau. vam khom rau lawv. Tsis yog txhua cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev thermal muaj cov yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum muaj. Yog li, qee hom kev nthuav dav polystyrene tau muab faib ua qhov sib txuas, yog li ntawd, raws li cov kev cai tam sim no, thaum siv nws, nws raug nquahu kom ua hluav taws-tiv thaiv kev txiav los ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis tiv taus ntawm tus ncej ntawm qhov rais thiab qhov rooj. Qee cov tuam ntxhab ntawm PIR cov laug cam ntxiv cov ua tsis zoo hloov polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, uas qhia tau tias chav kawm qib siab tsis huv ntawm xws li lub tsev cov khoom siv, mus txog rau T3 pab pawg (mob siab heev).

Pom tseeb, qhov kev xaiv thawj zaug ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev thermal los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis txuas, xws li pob zeb zeb, zoo li txhim khu kev qha thiab cov laj thawj. Nws cov fibers, tsis muaj melting, tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias ntau dua 10,000 C. Hauv cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws, nws yog lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv kom sib kis tau hluav taws thiab muab hluav taws ua kom tsis pub dhau los ntawm cov qauv ntev txog plaub teev. Qhov tom kawg yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, muab hais tias thaum lub sijhawm hluav taws kub, qhov kub ntawm cov khoom nqa tau nce siab, uas cuam tshuam rau lub zog ntawm lub tsev ncej. Yuav kom paub tseeb tias cov kev txwv ntawm cov hluav taws kub tsis txaus los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev tswj hwm (txog li 240 feeb), cov pob zeb ua los ntawm cov kabmob uas tau ua yog kho nrog tshwj xeeb hluav taws, xws li plaster txheej raws li nthuav kua iav, kua qaub thiab gypsum. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov chav nrog cov txheeb ze ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis ntau dua 60% thiab muaj qhov hluav taws kub tsis kam dhau mus txog 120 feeb, uas yog tsis txaus. Lwm txoj hauv kev daws teeb meem yog kev siv hluav taws kub-txheej rov qab los ua cov pob zeb tsiaj cov pob zeb, piv txwv li, ob ntom ntom FT BARRIER D. Lawv muab cov hluav taws ua haujlwm tiv thaiv txog li 240 feeb thiab tsis muaj kev txwv rau kev teeb tsa: lub rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem ntsia tau ntawm txhua qhov kub thiab vaum, nws yog tsau nrog hlau thaiv, thiab los ntawm saum toj no nws tuaj yeem pleev xim txheej yog thov. Txoj kev hais haum no ua ke nrog cov khoom ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws thiab rwb thaiv tsev thermal.

Los ntawm theoretical ib feem ntawm qhov teeb meem hluav taws kev nyab xeeb ntawm chaw ua si, peb yuav tsiv mus rau kev xyaum, uas yog, peb yuav tau paub txog cov kev daws teeb meem uas tau siv hauv kev tsim kho cov chaw hauv Russia.

Cov tho kev los ntawm Kazan: Tiv Thaiv Universiade Khoom ntawm Hluav Taws

Thawj qhov kev ntaus pob ncaws pob thoob ntiaj teb hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias xyoo XXI yog xyoo XXVII Ntiaj Teb Lub Caij Ntuj Sov, nyob rau xyoo 2013 hauv lub nroog ntawm koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan. Rau qhov kev sib tw, 64 qhov chaw tau koom nrog, ntawm qhov 36 tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov hluas kev ua si. Kev tsim kho ntawm txhua lub tuam tsev tau saib xyuas los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm International Olympic Committee.

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Lub chaw ntau pob Kazan Arena tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov khoom ci tshaj plaws ntawm Universiade. Lub tsev ntawm cov kuj sib txawv thiab tsawg ntawm cov storeys (ntawm tsib txog rau qib yim) yog nyob ntawm 32 thaj chaw. Qhov siab ntawm lub chaw ntau pob yog 50 m, thaj chaw yog 113,000 m², qhov loj me ntawm daim teb yog 105 x 68 m. Lub chaw muaj peev xwm ua tau neeg 45,379 tus neeg thaum lub sijhawm. Ntau xyoo dhau los, Kazan Arena chaw ntau pob tau qhib cov kev sib tw qhib thiab kaw kev sib tw ntawm Universiade, hauv 2017 nws yuav ua kev sib tw Confederations Cup kev ua si, thiab xyoo 2018 - FIFA qhov kev sib tw FIFA.

Lub phiaj xwm hauv Kazan Arena tau lees paub tias yog qhov ib txwm muaj rau txhua qhov chaw sib tw ncaws pob tshiab. Rau cov ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, cov twj tua hluav taws uas tua cov twj tso kua mis muaj lub luag haujlwm nyob ntawm no. Fireproof rooj zaum, nrog rau kev daws teeb meem zoo rau lub rwb thaiv tsev thermal thiab hluav taws kev tiv thaiv ua los ntawm cov pob zeb tsiaj, ua cov khoom ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo sib xws tau siv hauv Martial Arts Palace. Ntxiv mus, tus tsim tawm tswj tau kom ceev ceev ntawm kev teeb tsa vim kev siv ntawm ob chav ntom ntom ntom nti nrog softer qis dua thiab tawv tawv txheej sab saud VENTI BATTS D. Cov kev sib txuas ua ke kuj tseem ua kom txo qhov hnyav ntawm tus qauv thiab txo qhov kev noj mov ntawm fasteners piv nrog ob-txheej rwb thaiv tsev. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim tias tsis muaj txheej txheej qis dua, kev siv cov khoom lag luam no ua rau tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj qhov muag pom qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev mus txog rau kev kaw qhov cladding.

Txhua lub koom haum tsim kev lag luam thiab cov koom haum tsim kho ntawm Tatarstan tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim kho cov chaw ua si hauv Kazan. Cov tuam txhab muaj kev paub no muaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siv. Sergei Spiridonov, tus thawj kws tshaj lij hauv architecture ntawm GiproVTI, hais tias: "Xyoo tsis ntev los no, raws li cov haujlwm ntawm peb lub koomhaum, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm kev tsim ua vaj tsev thiab hauv nroog tau tsim, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm Tsoomfwv Tsoomfwv ntawm Tatarstan: chav dhia ua si, qhov chaw ua si hockey field thiab lwm yam. Ntau ntawm lawv siv ROCKWOOL pob zeb tsiaj pob zeb pob zeb pob zeb, vim tias lawv muaj qhov ua tau zoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab tiv thaiv hluav taws kub, thiab cov yam ntxwv muaj zog zoo. " [plaub]

Cov kev paub txog Olympic thiab thev naus laus zis rau kev sib tw hauv ntiaj teb

Tus ntaus kis las tom qab Kazan tau raug coj los ntawm Sochi, uas nyob rau xyoo 2014 los ua lub peev ntawm XXII Winter Olympic Games. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 352 cov chaw tau cog lus tau npaj hauv kev npaj rau kev sib tw. Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau lawv cov kev tsim kho, lub roob siab nyob saum roob hiav txwv muaj kev txwv ntau qhov tseem ceeb - nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xaiv cov kev daws teeb meem uas tiv taus ya raws. Hauv ntau qhov chaw, qhov no yog vim li cas pob zeb tsiaj, yam ntxwv los ntawm kev ya raws tsis zoo, tau siv los ua cua sov rwb thaiv tsev rau lub Chaw Media tseem ceeb, Iceberg lub caij ntuj no kis las ua si, Gorki Gorod caij duav saum npu chaw so thiab Laura thiab Alpika-Cov kev pabcuam hauv Krasnaya Polyana. Txawm nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub siab txias, cov qauv yuav ntseeg siab tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cua kub ploj thaum lub neej tag nrho cov kev pabcuam.

Lwm qhov kev tshwm sim ntiaj teb tseem ceeb rau Russia yog xyoo 2016 Ice Hockey Ntiaj Teb Championship. Hmo ua ntej nws, ntau qhov kev ua si sib tw "VTB Ice Palace" tshwm sim hauv nroog, uas tau los ua ib feem ntawm lub nroog "Park ntawm Legends". Muaj peb lub chaw zov me nyuam nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev: lub ntsiab qhov tseem ceeb rau 12,000 tus neeg, qhov me me rau 3,500 tus neeg saib thiab thaj chaw cob qhia rau 500 tus kiv cua.

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Tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm cov chav ua haujlwm ntau dua 70,000 m². Txhawm rau txhawm rau lub ru tsev ntawm qhov chaw, ROCKWOOL pob zeb zeb pob zeb pob zeb sib dhos ntawm RUF series tau tsim, thiab ib qho ROCKmembrane membrane tau siv los ua ib txheej-txheej ua dej ua txheej. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov kev paub no tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim kho chaw ua si, cov chaw nyob ze ntawm VTB Ice Palace complex, tshwj xeeb, dej chaw ua si tsis muaj chaw. "Saib xyuas ntau ntawm cov chaw ua kis las loj tau them rau qhov hluav taws kub nyhiab thiab qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub ru tsev, uas yog nce ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntxiv los ntawm Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Tsim Kho Vaj Tsev, cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog thiab Tsoomfwv Saib Xyuas Xwm Ceev," said Andrey Rodin ntawm Promgrazhdanproekt-1 LLC, uas yog tus ua haujlwm cog lus rau kev tsim kho ntawm qhov chaw dej lom ze. - Txhawm rau kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom ua tau raws cov qauv nruj, thaum tsim cov hluav taws "zoo nkauj", peb lub tuam txhab cov kws tshaj lij siv tshwj xeeb rau cov pob zeb zeb. Txhawm rau txhim kho qhov hluav taws kub tsis kam ntawm cov qauv, thaum txhim kho lub ru tsev, lawv ntxiv hliv ib qho qhob slab 70 hli tuab raws daim ntawv profiled."

Cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tom ntej rau Russia yuav yog XXI FIFA World Cup. Nws yuav ua rau xyoo 2018 hauv 11 lub nroog ntawm 12 chaw ntau pob. Cov chaw tau tsim tsa hauv Sochi thiab Kazan, thiab ob qhov chaw pov thawj ntxiv tau pom nyob rau hauv Moscow - lub chaw ua si tshiab hauv Otkrytie Arena thiab cov chaw tsim kho Luzhniki. Ua ntej, qhov chaw hauv tsev ntawm pab pawg Spartak, raug lees paub tias yog ib qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb (raws li kev lees paub ntawm lub chaw nres tsheb StadiumDB.com). Cov chaw sib tw txog 45,000 tus neeg saib. Raws li cov neeg tuaj yeem lees paub, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm nws txoj kev tsim kho nws yuav tsum ua kom muaj qhov kev nyab xeeb siab, mus txog cov cuab yeej hluav taws kev tiv thaiv kev sib txuas lus. Txoj kev daws teeb meem no yog qhov tsim nyog, vim tias thaum muaj hluav taws kub, kav dej tuaj yeem hlawv tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd hauv qhov chaw lawv hla dhau phab ntsa thiab lwm qhov kev faib tawm, ib txoj hauv kev yuav qhib rau qhov hluav taws kub kis. Yog li, piv txwv li, cov pa roj cua ntawm lub tshuab ua pa thiab cua txias lub tshuab ua los ntawm nyias-walled steel ntawv thaum muaj hluav taws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tsis pub dhau 15 feeb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tshuab tsim hluav taws xob, ROCKWOOL 100 lub pob zeb plaub tsiaj lub qhov txhab thiab siv cov khoom siv WIRED MAT 80. Lawv yuav cia cov kav dej kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm kub hnyav.

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Ntxiv rau Otkritie Arena chaw ntau pob, cov kws ua tsev tau mob siab rau Luzhniki Grand Sports Arena, qhov chaw qhib kev sib tw thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev sib tw yuav dhau los. Txhawm rau kom ua tau raws li cov cai ntawm FIFA pawg neeg tswj hwm, kev kho dua tshiab tau pib ua si ntawm chaw ntau pob xyoo 2013. Kev ua haujlwm yog npaj kom tiav rau lub quarter thib ob ntawm 2017. [6] Thaj tsam tag nrho ntawm thaj chaw uas tau kho dua tshiab, suav mus rau hauv tus account sawv, yuav yog 221,000 m², thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg saib kev sib tw - 81,000. Lub Plaub Hlis 2016, lub tshuab kev nyab xeeb hluav taws raug teeb tsa hauv Luzhniki. Raws li Andrey Bochkarev, tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tshawb Fawb Moscow, ntau cov txheej txheem tsim muaj ntau lub chaw tsim qauv rau lub chaw ntau pob, uas xav tias yuav muaj dej, roj thiab hmoov tua hluav taws. Tsis tas li, tshiab geometry ntawm qhov chaw muaj-hauv qab, thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaiv uas nyob ntawm ib puag ncig, nce ntau ntawm cov kev tawm tseem ceeb tau muab. Qhov no yuav ua kom ntseeg tau lub suab nrawm ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib thaum muaj xwm txheej. Raws li kev ruaj ntseg cov cai, lub siab tshaj tawm kev khiav tawm lub sijhawm los ntawm lub chaw ntau pob hauv Luzhniki yog 20 feeb. [7] Lub ntsej muag ntawm thaj chaw muaj qee qhov ua rau cov iav tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv hluav taws. Cov chaw so ntawm cov chaw ntau pob ua si muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm FACADE BATTS pob zeb pob zeb pob zeb pob zeb, uas tsis tsuas yog ua cov haujlwm ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev, tab sis kuj ua lub hauv paus rau kev thov ib txheej nyias plaster txheej. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov chaw kho mob niaj hnub no ua tau raws li thoob ntiaj teb cov kev cai hauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm hluav taws thiab ecology. Yog li, chaw ntau pob tau txais BREEAM daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub sijhawm intertim "tsim theem".

Cov kev paub dhau los ntawm kev ua tsev thiab kho cov chaw tsim kho tshiab uas ua tau raws li cov kev cai tswj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws yuav tsum tshaj tawm thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov no yuav pab cov neeg tsim khoom xaiv cov kev daws teeb meem pom tseeb thiab ua pov thawj

"Cov kev cai tswjfwm txog kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb".

Example Piv txwv, tsim tawm raws li GOST 15588-2014 "Cov Qauv Sib Ceg. Ua npuas ncauj polystyrene ua haujlwm kub-insulating daim hlau. Kev mob ".

SNIP 21-01-97 thiab MGSN 4.19-05.

cov khoom muab los ntawm ROCKWOOL

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