Raws li koj paub, lub tsev kawm ntawv Architectural hauv Moscow, nrog rau ntau lwm cov tsev kawm txuj ci, piv txwv li, Textile thiab Polygraphic, tau tsim tsa xyoo 1930 nrog kev sib tsoo ntawm VKHUTEMAS (lub npe hu ua VKHUTEIN xyoo 1927) thiab tsim nyog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm nws cov ncaj qha. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv tam sim no tseem nyob hauv tib lub tsev ntawm Rozhdestvenka, qhov chaw ua haujlwm loj thiab ntau tus kws qhia ntawv VKHUTEMAS tau nyob hauv xyoo 1920. Rau ob xyoo lawm, Tsev khaws puav pheej MArchI tau sau ntau cov khoom siv kev kawm los ntawm xyoo 1920, feem ntau yog pub los ntawm cov tsev neeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm qub, thiab cov haujlwm no tsis tau poob lawv cov txiaj ntsig thiab niaj hnub no.
Lub rooj nthuav qhia hauv VKHUTEMAS chav ua yeeb yaj kiab, zoo nkauj tsim los ntawm Alexander Ermolaev, tus thawj coj ntawm "TAF Rhiav", nqus peb hauv kev kawm ntawm xyoo 1920, imbued nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm collectivism thiab kev ywj pheej muaj tswv yim. Cov kws saib xyuas tau faib cov tub ntxhais kawm cov haujlwm rau cov xibfwb thiab cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv, nrog cov duab ua ke nrog cov khoom hauv tsev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm - cov cuab yeej kos duab, cov tub ntxhais kawm daim pib, cov duab. Cov tub ntxhais kawm raug tsocai rau kev kawm uas tsis muaj kev kuaj mob (rau qhov tom qab VKHUTEMAS tau raug thuam ntau dua ib zaug), kev qhia pib nrog kev tshaj tawm - cov chav kawm dav dav ntawm kev nkag siab daim ntawv, xim, tsim qauv, uas xyoo 1923 tau sib koom ua ke hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Loj. Qhov no yog, tej zaum, qhov muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj ntawm cov txheej txheem VKHUTEMAS, uas tau tseg hauv qab cov duab ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws: qhov nthuav tawm nthuav tawm ua haujlwm ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov pawg (kev ua haujlwm ntawm N. Ladovsky), xim (Rhiav ntawm G. Klutsis), kev tsim kho (kev ua haujlwm ntawm A. Rodchenko). Qhov tsis txawv ntawm VKHUTEMAS cov lus qhia yog nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam ntawm "ntshiab" kos duab (thawj kws qhia ntawv, lub neej hauv tsev, cov duab puab cov kws qhia), thov (textile kws qhia ntawv) thiab kev lag luam (polygraph kws qhia ntawv), rau cov hauv paus hnav khaub ncaws tau pom nyob hauv daim qauv ntawm cov chav kawm propaedeutic. Cov. Yog li, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Alexander Rodchenko qhov kev cob qhia tau kawm txog kev tsim lub crane thiab, ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem, tsim lub rooj teeb txawb.
Qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv kev nthuav dav yog yaum los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis zoo ntawm Leningrad VKHUTEMAS-VKHUTEINAa. Yeej, cov no yog kev ua haujlwm los ntawm cov tsev neeg keeb kwm ntawm tsev neeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm archfak Y. Velikanov thiab T. Timofeeva. Yog tias nyob rau hauv Moscow VKHUTEMAS cov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv classical sawv cev los ntawm I. Zholtovsky, A. Shchusev thiab G. Golts ywj siab koom nrog cov qauv tshiab tshiab ntawm kev ua zoo raws li kev sib koom. cov kev xav ntawm psychoanalytic ntawm N. Ladovsky, tom qab ntawd hauv Leningrad - thiab qhov no tuaj yeem pom los ntawm cov kab lus piav qhia - cov kab ke kev kawm tau kov yeej.
Lub rooj nthuav qhia hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv Kab Ke ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, curated los ntawm Irina Chepkunova, tus sau ua haujlwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Soviet avant-garde, txuas ntxiv zaj dab neeg txog VKHUTEMAS, tab sis lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tau muab tso rau ntawm cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj. Tej zaum thawj zaug, nyob hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib qho kev nthuav tawm, yog li ntau lub cim dej num tau nthuav tawm ib zaug - kev ua haujlwm ntawm Krutikov, Burov, Korzhev thiab lwm yam "hnub qub" ntawm avant-garde los ntawm MUAR collection, tseem paub tsuas yog los ntawm kev luam tawm hauv cov phau ntawv ntawm S. Khan-Magomedov lossis cov ntawv teev lus txawv teb chaws.
Txog rau tam sim no, tag nrho cov txheej ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tsis tseem ceeb ua haujlwm feem ntau tseem tshuav cov kws tshwj xeeb nkaus xwb. Yog li, yog tias qhov phiaj xwm teeb meem ntawm Ivan Leonidov tau paub ntau (nws txoj kev ntshiab huv, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, sib luag ntawm lub cim thiab txawm tias qee qhov kev dawb huv, txaus siab), tom qab ntawd cov pej xeem pom cov haujlwm zoo sib xws ntawm lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm VKHUTEMAS thawj zaug. Ntawm lawv, Kuv xav tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav hais txog qhov phiaj xwm ntawm chav kho tsev hauv Matsesta K. Afanasyev - lub tsev tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm kev txhawb nqa rau kev txhawb nqa, nco txog ntawm lub nroog linear hauv tej yam me me, lossis qhov haujlwm ntawm N. Sokolov resort tsev so nrog kev siv cov khoom noj khoom haus.
Ob qho kev ua yeeb yam no tau tsim nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam loj "VKHUTEMAS Chaw", tsim los saib xyuas cov kev tshawb fawb, kev paub thiab kev paub ntawm ib lub tsev kawm tshwj xeeb. Thaum lub sijhawm nws nyob tsis ntev, VKHUTEMAS tau tso lub keeb kwm tseem ceeb - nws cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv tau koom nrog qhov kev nthuav qhia thoob ntiaj teb hauv Paris xyoo 1925, thiab xyoo 1927 lawv twb tau teeb tsa lub npe nrov thawj zaug nthuav tawm Niaj hnub no. Tab sis, tej zaum, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas cov neeg saib xyuas ntawm kev nthuav qhia tam sim no xav qhia yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig txheej txheem ntawm VKHUTEMAS, uas tseem tsis tau tso nws lub peev xwm.
