Norsk Form yog pej xeem lub hauv paus tsim los ntawm Norwegian Ministry of Culture los txhim kho lub neej zoo los ntawm kev tsim qauv thiab kos duab. Nws pib thiab koom nrog ntau txoj haujlwm, koom nrog kev kawm, tuav kev nthuav qhia thiab kev sib tw.
Andreas Berman (Andreas Vaa Bermann) - tus kws kes duab vajtse thiab tus neeg hauv nroog, ua ntej mus rau Norsk Daim Ntawv, nws tau coj lub koom haum Oslo Association of Architects, tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv architectural.
Hege Maria Eriksson yog tus kws tshaj lij (tshwj xeeb, nws chaw lis haujlwm hauv lub nroog LY arkitekter nrog rau qhov haujlwm Norwegian ntawm Stephen Hall's Knut Hamsun Center), tus kws tshawb nrhiav kev tsim vaj tsev thiab cuab yeej cuab tam, thiab tus thawj saib xyuas ntawm 5th Oslo Architectural Triennial (2013).
Archi.ru: Tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm Moscow Biennale, kev ua yeeb yam Nordic ID - "Qaum Teb Sab Nraud" tau qhia. Tsis txhob koj xav tias qhov no yog qhov ua dhau cai: tom qab txhua, txhua lub teb chaws nws muaj nws tus kheej lub tebchaws?
Hege Erikson: Nws tsim nyog rov qab mus rau lub sijhawm thiab saib ntawm thaj chaw. Cov teb chaws nyob sab qaum teb, tshwj xeeb yog Scandinavia, nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, muaj neeg nyob tsis sib haum, muaj thaj chaw loj ntawm thaj chaw tsis muaj neeg nyob (uas tam sim no tsis ntau). Thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm tshiab, kev ywj pheej tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov kab lis kev cai dav dav ntawm thaj av.
Andreas Berman: Kuv tseem yuav hais txog qhov pom ntawm kev paub txog ntawm kev sib raug zoo [i.e. e. Tus neeg paub txog nws qhov chaw hauv zej zog, lub luag haujlwm hauv zej zog, thiab lwm yam - kwv yees li ed.] raws li lub hauv paus kev tsim qauv thiab kos duab hauv Scandinavian lub tebchaws. Kuv tsis pom zoo nrog koj: qhov no tsis yog teb chaws twg, tab sis yog lub regional tiag tiag. Scandinavian tsim, Scandinavian architecture tau qhia hauv qhov kev nthuav qhia no qhia txog tus kheej xws li Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland thiab Iceland, kom tsawg dua - Tebchaws Estonia, vim nws yog Baltic ntau tshaj li Scandinavia, thiab muaj qhov sib txawv.
CE: Txawm li cas los xij, nws ib txwm muaj qhov sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv Denmark thiab Sweden muaj ib qhov tseem ceeb stratum ntawm aristocracy, hauv Norway - yuav luag tsis muaj leej twg, muaj cov taum pauv ywj siab. Norway tam sim no nplua nuj roj, thiab Sweden thiab Denmark yuav tsum cia siab rau lwm yam kev lag luam thiab kev ua lag luam. Cov kev lag luam tshwj xeeb no tau cuam tshuam hauv architecture, hauv Norwegian seem ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no. Tam sim no hauv peb lub teb chaws muaj kev nthuav dav nyob rau hauv qhov kev tsim vaj tsev kim. Ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm cov pej xeem muaj lub tsev thib ob - ua ntej cov tsev no yog tsev me me, yuav luag tsev pheeb suab, tab sis tam sim no tus qauv tau nce zuj zus, thiab cov tsev zoo li no tau dhau los ua ntau dua li cov nroog nyob. Thiab cov phiaj xwm tau nthuav tawm ntawm no qhia cov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov kws ua vaj tsev rau qhov teeb meem no: tom qab tag nrho, tag nrho lub teb chaws tuaj yeem thaum kawg ua tau densely nrog cov tsev zoo li no. Qhov kev tawm tsam no yog kev thov rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txo lub neej, rau yav dhau los - cov qauv ntoo yooj yim txuam nrog toj roob hauv pes.
AB: Nordic ID ua yeeb yam yog qhov txaus siab nyob rau hauv uas tsib tus neeg ua haujlwm tau muab tib txoj haujlwm, thiab txawm tias lawv daws tau nws cov lus sib txawv, lawv cov lus teb tau zoo ib yam: kev paub txog kev sib raug zoo thiab kev txo hwj chim, nrog rau nthuav qhia architecture. Tus kws teeb tsa hauv Finnish [tus kws tu txiv Tuomas Toivonen] tau qhia tsib lub tsev los ntawm tsib tus kws ua vajtse txawv uas tau loj hlob nyob hauv lub sijhawm thoob ntiaj teb thawj zaug hauv lub tebchaws li keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, lawv txoj kev tsim ubno, tsis zoo li lawv niam thiab txiv tiam, tau txais kev cuam tshuam zoo los ntawm cov ncauj lus thoob ntiaj teb, txawm hais tias kev paub txog neeg tseem tshuav. Cov lus hauv Norwegian yog tib yam, nws qhia tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau qhov xwm txheej hauv kev khwv nyiaj txiag zoo: cov no yog cov haujlwm me me, ntsiag to - lawv muaj cov khoom kim heev, tab sis lawv yog cov "khoom kim heev" [ntu nqe lus]. Nyob rau hauv Sweden, kev paub txog pej xeem yog lub ntsiab lus. Cov qauv tsim hauv Danish yog lo lus teb rau qhov nthuav dav ntawm kev lag luam architecture. Nws yog qhov txaus siab los sib piv txhua yam no nrog rau lwm cov kev nthuav qhia ntawm no [2 pem teb ntawm Lub Tsev Nruab Nrab ntawm Kws Ua Yeeb Yam] -
Keeb Kwm Kev Ntseeg thiab Kev Yooj Yim, qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem pom muaj ntau yam sib txawv thiab cov hom phiaj ntawm architecture.
Archi.ru: Ntawd yog, txhua qhov Scandinavian architecture yuav nyob hauv ntu "Yooj Yim"?
CE: Tsis yog txhua tus, ntawm chav kawm. Feem ntau ntawm cov tuam tsev uas tsim kho yog "architecture ntawm kev loj hlob", kev nyob ntawm pej xeem thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Nws yog ntawm qhov qis dua zoo, qis dua kev phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Qhov tseeb Scandinavian architecture, "Sustainability" tau koom nrog qhov tsim. Yog lawm, ntau lub tsev tshiab nyob hauv tsev tau txais kev siv nyiaj tsawg dua, qhov no yog qhov teeb meem, tab sis peb tau ua tiav ntau hauv kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim kho nrog xoom CO2 pa tsheb. Cov qauv zoo li no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm thaj chaw hauv cheeb tsam thiab huab cua, lawv sib haum rau qhov xwm txheej uas lawv muaj.
Archi.ru: Koj tab tom tham txog kev sib txuas nrog toj roob hauv pes, ib puag ncig kev phooj ywg zoo li cov cuab yeej organic ntawm architecture - cov no yog cov kev tsim nyog uas txiav txim siab Scandinavian tsim nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 20th, thaum lub tswvyim no tshwm sim. Tau nws nyob twj ywm tsis hloov pauv - nrog rau cov khoom siv, siv lub teeb ntuj, simplicity thiab elegance ntawm daim ntawv?
AB: Yog, nws yog. Peb nyuam qhuav muaj lub rooj cob qhia txog Scandinavian tus kheej hauv Oslo qhov uas peb tau sib tham txog qhov Scandinavian tsim nyob niaj hnub no thiab yog peb tseem tuaj yeem hu nws ntawd. Muaj ib yam dab tsi hauv kev pom tseeb ntawm cov qauv Scandinavian: cov neeg tsim qauv kawm ua haujlwm kom zoo nrog cov khoom, them sai sai rau sab qaum teb teeb, xwm. Lawv tsis kawm "Scandinavian tsim", lawv tab tom kawm tsim "Scandinavian". Tsis muaj kev qhia txog qhov ntawd.
CE: Lawv tsis theej, qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem ntawm hom, qhov no yog qhov kev xav …
AB: … thiab txoj kev ua haujlwm …
H. E.:… thiab tus qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm txoj hauv kev. Piv txwv li, kws ua yeeb yam
TYIN tegnestue, uas nws qhov kev tsim kho nyob hauv qhov chaw ua yeeb yam, pib nrog cov phiaj xwm rau cov menyuam tsis muaj tsev nyob hauv Thaib: siv cov khoom siv hauv zos yooj yim heev thiab pheej yig, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab, suav txog qhov huab cua kub - rau qhov xwm txheej sib txawv dua li tsev, tab sis nrog tib mus kom ze. Tus kws paub lub vajtse paub txog qhov nws cov qauv tsim muaj peev xwm ua rau "kev thev taus" ntawm zej zog, txhim kho txoj hauv kev ntawm lub neej, lus dag hauv plawv Scandinavian txoj kev.
Archi.ru: Puas yog Scandinavian tsim tseem hloov?
CE: Yog lawm, nws hloov pauv, tseem ua tsaug rau lub khoos phis tawj, uas ua rau nws ua tau haujlwm ntawm txoj hauv kev tshiab. Muaj qhov kev hloov tshiab tiag tiag thiab rov ua dua tshiab hauv kev xav tswv yim. Piv txwv li, "Snohetta" siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis tshiab, sim ua ntau yam. Peb tseem ua haujlwm ntau nrog ntoo, tej zaum qhov no yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau peb, thiab tam sim no nws tau raug hloov dua tshiab nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm "architecture" architecture, tab sis nws tau siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshiab. Cov ntoo tau muab cov duab cov nyom, xws li hauv Oslo Opera House, lossis cov ntoo siv tau siv. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tiv thaiv cov khoom los ntawm hluav taws kub yam tsis tau siv tshuaj kho tsev. Cov qhov cub taws taws ntev ntev ntev, yog li tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov taws sai thiab hluav taws sib kis. Tag nrho cov kev tsim tshiab no, nrog rau cov khoom siv loj ntawm cov khoom siv no, tso cai maj mam txhim kho lub neej nyob hauv cov nroog me hauv Norway, qhov chaw muaj ntoo ntau.
Archi.ru: Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom ntawm peb biennale, classicism tau nyob hauv qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm no. Ua li cas tej yam hauv Norway? Puas yog tib neeg ua lub tsev "nrog cov ncej" nyob rau qee lub sijhawm?
CE: Cov neeg tam sim no nyiam qhov modernism, xws li hloov kho tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Thiab rau cov chaw nyob nroog, "thib ob" cov tsev, cov tswv yim feem ntau yog cov qub Norwegian log tsev. Lawv xav rov qab mus rau lawv lub hauv paus, thiab tsuas yog tsis muaj kev lig kev cai ntawm kev zoo nkauj hauv Norway.
Archi.ru: Nyob Norway, ntau tau ua tiav los ua kom nrov dua architecture. Norsk Daim Ntawv ua haujlwm, kos duab hnub kos duab, triennials, kev nthuav qhia tuav, muaj cov ntu loj hauv cov tsev khaws puav pheej hauv National Museum. Cov cai no puas yog lus teb rau qhov kev thov ntawm tib neeg, lossis nws puas yog qhov tawm tswv yim los qhia cov neeg nyiam saj, nws nyiam ua architecture thiab tsim qauv?
AB: Norsk Form tau nyob tau 20 xyoo. Lub hauv paus kev ua haujlwm yog ua raws li lub tswv yim tias lub xeev thiab pej xeem cov koom haum yuav tsum piav qhia rau tib neeg txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm kos duab thiab tsim hauv lub neej. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los txhim kho saj thiab muaj peev xwm los soj ntsuam zoo. Tab sis peb tsis tshaj tawm cov saj zoo, peb tshaj tawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo, hauv kev xav ntawm txhua tus neeg, saj. Tib neeg yuav tsum to taub qhov lawv xaiv yog los ntawm.
Muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv rau cov tswv yim, piv txwv li, qhia cov qauv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kos duab thiab tsim qauv. Ib ntawm peb qhov dej num tseem ceeb yog Tsim Qauv Ciam Teb Ciam Tebchaws Peb tsim cov haujlwm sib koom ua ke hauv peb lub teb chaws ntiaj teb, qhov chaw tsim qauv los ua khoom siv rau lawv txoj kev txhim kho. Cov pej xeem nyiam tshaj plaws rau cov khoom tsim, tab sis nws tsis tseem ceeb, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb dua los qhia lawv tias cov txheej txheem kev tsim qauv thiab kev qhia yuav ua li cas thiaj koom nrog cov txheej txheem txhim kho. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm architecture, peb muaj kev koom tes nrog ntau txoj haujlwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog npaj hauv nroog - cuam tshuam txog architecture thiab qauv tsim. Peb npaj kev sib tham nrog pej xeem kom cov neeg npaj, cov neeg khiav dej num hauv nroog, cov nom tswv thiab cov menyuam yaus nkag siab zoo dua yuav ua li cas lawv cov nroog ib puag ncig tsim.
CE: Txhawm rau txhim kho ib puag ncig xyoo 2009, Norwegian tsoomfwv tau tsim kho txoj cai tswjfwm kev tswjfwm hauv lub xeev uas muaj 13 tus neeg ua haujlwm, uas yog, nws tau lees paub tias architecture "ua haujlwm" hauv txhua qhov chaw pej xeem - thauj, kab lis kev cai, noj qab haus huv, kev lag luam. Txoj cai no tau hloov pauv txoj haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv hauv cheeb tsam no thiab tau cuam tshuam dhau los ua lub tsev raws li kev qhuab qhia.
AB: Ib lub hom phiaj ntawm Norsk Form yog suav nrog cov neeg hauv txoj kev npaj, sib tham txog cov haujlwm hauv thaj chaw ib puag ncig. Cov tib neeg to taub dab tsi yog nyob rau hauv ceg txheem ntseeg, koom nrog kev sib cav, thiab vim li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm tej yaam num thiab lub neej zoo ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem tau zoo dua - uas yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau Norsk Daim Ntawv. Tam sim no Norway tab tom tsim tsoomfwv ib tsab cai rau kev tsim qauv los siv nws los ua qhov cuab yeej rau kev txuas ntxiv ntawm haiv neeg. Nws yog ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem nyiaj txiag - los ntawm ntau lawm kom muag khoom. Nws raug siv los txiav txim siab cov duab thiab cov khoom ncig tebchaws yuav tsum sawv cev rau lub tebchaws thiab qhov twg yuav tsum tsis. Piv txwv li, puas yog lub matryoshka tsuas yog lub cim ntawm Lavxias, lossis koj tuaj yeem xav txog lwm daim duab zoo li? Kuj tseem muaj lwm qhov, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm "kev tsim qauv": tus qauv tsim thoob ntiaj teb uas tso cai rau txhua tus siv txhua yam ntawm ib puag ncig sib npaug. Nws suav nrog txhua yam - los ntawm lub rooj zaum thiab chav dej mus rau ib lub tsev, chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau, nroog square.
CE: Piv txwv li, txoj cai kev ua vaj tse suav nrog kev npaj loj ntawm cov txheej txheem thauj, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov nroog. Tab sis architecture yog embodied hauv cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum muaj qhov zoo, suav nrog nyob rau theem ntawm kev ntxhib los mos, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab lwm yam. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev ua kom ntev lub neej kev pab ntawm lub tsev, uas nyob ntawm ob qho tib si nws lub zog thiab nws lub peev xwm los hloov. Cov. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, high-quality, zoo-xav-tawm architectural khoom yuav tsum saib zoo!
