Ula Nylander yog tus tuaj koom ntawm Nordic Wood lub rooj noj mov nyob hauv Moscow Central House of Architects, npaj los ntawm ARCHIWOOD project nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Union of Moscow Architects (CMA), Project Baltia magazine, ntxiv rau kev koom tes ntawm HONKA, lub Xab Tham Thuj ntawm Lub Tebchaws ntawm Norway hauv Tebchaws Lav Xias, lub tuam txhab Velsky Les thiab "Lub Chaw Haujlwm Sib Txuas Lus".
Archi.ru: Koj qhia ntawm Chalmers University hauv Gothenburg. Puas yog koj qhia cov tub ntxhais kawm txog ntoo txua, lossis lawv puas yuav tsum tau kawm nws?
Ula Nylander: Cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm paub cov hauv paus ntawm kev tsim ntoo hauv lawv thawj xyoo: nws yooj yim heev kom nkag siab nws cov qauv ntawm kev piv txwv ntawm lub tsev me me, thiab rau Sweden, qhov twg muaj ntau ntau cov tsev zoo li no, txoj kev qhia ntuj tshaj. kos duab.
Dab tsi yog qhov teeb meem tam sim no nrog kev siv ntoo hauv Sweden?
Nws tau tsim kho: cov choj thiab ntau lub tsev ntau lub tsev yog tsim los ntawm ntoo, tab sis tam sim no cov qhob thiab hlau tseem yog cov khoom siv nrov tshaj plaws rau cov hom phiaj no. Tab sis txawm li cas los xij, hauv 10-15 xyoo dhau los, ntoo tau dhau los ua ib qho kev xaiv tiag tiag hauv kev tsim kho cov chaw ua si, khw muag khoom, thiab lwm yam., vim tias, ntawm lwm yam, nws muaj qhov ua kom zoo nkauj sib txawv.
Tab sis ntawm tsob ntoo muaj qhov tshwj xeeb muaj cov kev txwv, vim tias tsis yog txhua yam tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm nws?
Yog lawm, muaj teeb meem hluav taws kev nyab xeeb, txawm hais tias koj tuaj yeem ua tsis muaj tshuaj lom yog tias koj tab tom tsim los ntawm cov ntoo zoo: lub cav ntoo hlawv sab nraud, thiab qhov hluav taws kub nres, thiab cov nqaj hlau yuav muaj tseeb poob ntawm 800 degrees. Thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau ntawm qhov muaj hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws uas muaj hluav taws xob, qhov kev pheej hmoo tau txo qis. Tab sis cov teeb meem ntawm acoustics tseem nyob: nws yog qhov nyuaj heev los daws nws hauv ntau cov vaj tsev, koj yuav tsum nteg cov phab ntsa thiab cov plag tsev nrog plasterboard thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv, uas loj negates qhov zoo ntawm lub tsev ntoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm chav kawm, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tsim ib txoj kab txuas plaub 400 m ntev ntawm cov ntoo, tab sis rau cov neeg taug kev ntawm cov ntoo no yog cov tshuaj zoo.
Ua cas ntoo laus? Qee lub sijhawm txawm tias kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb tsis pab, thiab lub tsev poob "nws lub ntsej muag" ntau xyoo.
Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm ntoo yog nws txoj kev zoo nkauj "ruaj khov": nws muaj hnub nyoog zoo nkauj, hauv kev sib piv rau cov yas thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv uas zoo nkaus li thaum xub thawj. Lub grey ntsej muag ntawm lub qub ntoo tsev zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis peb yuav tsum muab qhov kev xav no tam sim no coj los ua txoj haujlwm: qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov xim thiab kev ntxhib los mos ntawm tsob ntoo lub sijhawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsob ntoo yuav tsum muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm kev saib xyuas, yog li nws zoo dua tsis txhob pleev xim xws li lub tsev, txwv tsis pub koj yuav tsum tau ua txhua xyoo. Tam sim no hauv kev lag luam Swedish tsim muaj kev sib cav txog yuav ua li cas thiaj li txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho ntau npaum li ua tau. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg txiav txim siab qhov kev tsim kho hauv kev txuas nrog kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm lub tsev: yog tias peb siv sijhawm li 50 xyoo, ces qhov kev siv nyiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm yuav tsuas yog ib feem me ntawm tag nrho cov nqi. Nrog rau txoj hauv kev no, tsob ntoo hloov tawm mus rau qhov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws: kev saib xyuas yam tsawg kawg nkaus, kev ua kom zoo nkauj "kev ruaj ntseg" thiab "kev ruaj khov" muaj ntau: nws yog cov khoom siv dua tshiab, thiab cov ntoo tshiab yuav loj hlob es tsis txhob poob rau hauv 50 xyoo.
Vim tias kev txua ntoo ua tau zoo los ntawm txhua qhov kev xav, peb puas tuaj yeem cia siab tias yuav muaj kev kub ntxhov tshiab ntawm cov nroog tshiab thiab cov zej zog tag nrho ntawm cov ntoo, zoo li tau muaj ob peb tiam dhau los?
Kuv ntseeg hais tias txhua qhov khoom nws muaj nws tus kheej zoo, thiab yog tias txhua yam yog tsim los ntawm ntoo, nws yuav tsuas yog boring xwb. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua ke cov vaj tse pob zeb thiab cov ntoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li txhua tus neeg muaj kev sib txawv saj. Tab sis kom deb li deb muaj ob peb tus qauv ntoo: nws tsim nyog ua tau ntau dua ntawm lawv.
Koj qhov kev twv saib xyuas txua ntoo rau kev tsim ntoo nyob rau yav tom ntej yog dab tsi?
Kuv xav tias niaj hnub ntoo pem hauv ntej vaj huam sib luag yuav raug tsim. Txog tam sim no, lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev ib txwm muaj, uas siv sijhawm ntev heev, tab sis kev lag luam Swedish tam sim no ua haujlwm los daws cov teeb meem no.
Dab tsi ntawm cov qauv ntoo ntoo yog ib qho qauv rau koj?
Muaj ntau tus kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm hauv Sweden tam sim no, piv txwv li, Bengt Carlsson (tus neeg koom nrog Nordic Wood Success - kwv yees li Archi.ru). Norway muaj kev coj ua zoo ntawm "ntoo tsev", thiab lawv kuj tau ua qhov kev vam meej hauv thaj chaw eco-kev tsim kho los ntawm ntoo, raws li PassivHaus tus qauv, thiab lwm yam. Thiab txhua txhua hnub kuv tau kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov tsev ntoo ib txwm. Kuv tus kheej nyob hauv ib chav tsev ntoo, thiab raug puag ncig los ntawm ib tsob ntoo yog qhov zoo: nws xav zoo heev rau qhov kov thiab tsw tsw zoo.
Ola Nylander yog ib tug kws lij choj ua haujlwm hauv Swedish thiab xibfwb hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Chalmers University hauv Gothenburg. Tswj nws tus kheej chav cuab yeej kos duab Nylander Arkitektur AB. Tus sau phau ntawv "Lub tsev ntawm lub tsev" (2002) hais txog kev ntsuas lub suab yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam uas cuam tshuam kev zoo ntawm lub tsev.
Daim duab piv txwv qhia txog Pumpkällehagen lub tsev me muaj 18 lub tsev tsim los ntawm Ula Nylander raws li tus qauv PassivHaus hauv Viskafors nyob rau sab qab teb Sweden (2009–2010).
