Ob xyoos dhau los hauv Yerevan, cov kws tshaj lij tebchaws Armen Hakobyan thiab Karen Berberian tau tsim tsa lub chaw haujlwm Tarberak. Nyob rau lub sijhawm luv luv no, nws tau tswj hwm los tshaj tawm nws tus kheej nrog cov phiaj xwm ntau thiab khov. Nws tau los ua kev nthuav dav rau kuv los tham nrog lawv txog lawv cov haujlwm. Cov kev sib tham tau tshwm sim hauv Skype thaum Lub Xya Hli 2020.
Hais mav, txawm hais tias peb tau sib paub ntev los lawm, Kuv paub me ntsis txog ntawm koj tus saib xyuas. Koj tau txais lub tswv yim pom li cas nws?
- Tau ntau xyoo peb tau ua haujlwm ua ke nrog Tim Flynn (Tim Flynn Architects, uas yog British architectural studio, uas Yerevan ceg tau koom nrog, tshwj xeeb, hauv kev tsim ntawm lub tsev kawm thoob ntiaj teb hauv Dilijan - T. A. daim ntawv sau cia). Tom qab ntawd Karen yeej txais nyiaj pab kawm ntawv hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab tawm mus, thaum lub tebchaws Armenia mus ua haujlwm hauv bureau thiab tib lub sijhawm tau koom nrog cov ntawv xaj me. Tom qab Karen rov qab mus rau Yerevan, Armen tau muab siab los tsim nws li haujlwm.
Peb thawj txoj haujlwm yog tes haujlwm ntawm lub tsev muaj ntau lub tsev nyob. Rau xyoo tshiab 2019, lawv ua cov duab kos thiab ua rau kev xaiv lwm yam rau cov qhua tuaj noj mov. Qhov zoo rau peb, txoj haujlwm no tau hloov mus, kev tsim kho tab tom pib. Txij ntawd los, hauv paus ntsiab lus, peb tuaj yeem tham txog lub hauv paus ntawm peb lub chaw lis haujlwm, txawm hais tias lub sijhawm ntawd peb tsis muaj kev cai lij choj thiab, raws li, lub npe.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias hauv txoj kev muaj tiag hauv Armenian muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los nrhiav ib lub rooj nthuav txuj vajtse: kev sib tw, uas tau tuav ntawm no tsis tshua muaj, lossis cov phiaj xwm sab hauv, kev ua lag luam uas muaj ntau qhov kev ywj pheej, tab sis, raws li, nrog kev sib tw zoo. Peb tsis xav tau cov neeg sab hauv los ua peb qhov tshwj xeeb, yog li peb xaiv txoj kev sib txawv, lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev txhim kho.
Paub hais tias tsis muaj qhov xav tau loj rau kev ua zoo chaw hauv lub zej zog, peb tus kheej tab tom sim tsim nws
Vim li cas "Tarberak", uas txhais tau tias "Xaiv" hauv Armenian? Qhov no puas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, xav txog qee yam ntawm koj txoj haujlwm?
- Yog thiab tsis yog. Lawv tau xav txog lub npe rau ib xyoos. Thaum pib, lawv tsis xav kom peb lub npe tshwm ntsej muag hauv chav chaw, vim lawv tsis hais dab tsi. Tab sis tom qab kev sib tham ntev ntawm tag nrho cov kev xaiv ua tau, peb tau cog lus rau ntawm "Kev Xaiv" qhov kev xaiv.
Dab tsi yog "kev xaiv"? Koj txoj kev nyiam yog dab tsi?
- Txog 30 xyoo (txhais tau tias lub sijhawm muaj kev ywj pheej ntawm lub koom pheej - sau ntawv los ntawm T. A.), qee lub tshuab nqus tsev tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm pej xeem chaw hauv Yerevan. Ua ntej ntawd, lawv tau hais txog los ntawm lub xeev Soviet, tom qab ntawd tau muab lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tso rau ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam. Yog li, txheej loj ntawm cov teeb meem tshiab rau lub nroog tau tsim. Peb pom lawv, peb tsis yog indifferent rau lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus nug no tau tsa los ntawm cov nom tswv hauv nroog thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm xwb. Nws hloov tawm tias tus kws kes duab vajtse tsis yog koom nrog hauv tus txheej txheem no, nws tsuas yog muab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tua. Yog li peb siv zog los hloov cov hom ntawv no thiab coj cov teeb meem no los ua ntej los ntawm peb txoj haujlwm kev ua ub no.
Peb tsis yog tias ua yeeb yam, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau peb yog kom pib sib tham
Qhov ntawd yog, kev pov hwm cov kws muaj txuj ci siab hauv nroog yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj rau koj?
- Peb txoj kev pib tsim, ib txwm xav txog yav tom ntej. Hauv kev cai lij choj, nyiaj txiag thiab lwm yam, lawv yog qhov nyuaj heev hauv kev siv, yog li nws tsis yog qhov tseeb uas lawv yuav tau txais tam sim ntawd cov xwm txheej ntawm kev txiav txim, thiab peb tau paub zoo txog qhov no. Tab sis peb xav tias nws tsim nyog los pib cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib tham txog cov teeb meem niaj hnub no rau kev txhim kho hauv nroog, thiab ntawm no peb tab tom sim ua tus txheej txheem sib txuas.
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zooming 1/11 Lub Chaw Nres Tsheb Petak © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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Lub phiaj xwm tau mob siab rau qhov kev ua kom tau zoo ntawm metro network hauv Yerevan. Chaw nres tsheb Petak ntawm txoj kev ncab ntawm Sasuntsi David thiab Zoravar Andranik yuav tsis xav tau kev nqis peev ntau, tab sis nws yuav pab tau yooj yim rau kev nkag mus rau cov pej xeem mus rau Petak thiab Surmalu khw kev lag luam, thiab cov neeg hauv zos thiab cov neeg lag luam mus rau Metro. Lub chaw nres tsheb yuav txo txoj kev tsheb khiav thiab ntxiv kev ntxim nyiam ntawm cheeb tsam.
Vim li cas koj tsis txwv koj tus kheej los tshawb nrhiav?
- Peb tab tom sim coj los ua kev tshawb fawb nrog kev tsim qauv. Ua ntej, peb muaj txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm ntau yam ntawm qhov teeb meem. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb "liab qab" tsis zoo li yuav los ua ib qho kev sib tham. Hauv daim ntawv ntawm qhov project, cov lus nug los ua kom yooj yim dua, thiab nws yog nrog qhov project uas kev sib tham pib! Xws li cov phiaj xwm rau "Cascade", tom qab uas muaj qee qhov txhib hauv kev sib raug zoo, thiab txawm tias cov phiaj xwm hauv chav ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm, lawv tau pib chwv raws lub ncauj lus no. Ib ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tau pib rho tawm cov qub txheej txheem ntawm "Cascade" los ntawm cov chaw saib xyuas, thiab lwm yam. Feem ntau, peb tau ua tiav peb lub hom phiaj.
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zooming 1/11 Nthuav Tawm ntawm "Cascade" complex © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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Lub phiaj xwm ua tiav rau kev ua tiav "Cascade", 300-ntev multifunctional staircase complex, thiab tag nrho cov kev ua tiav ntawm nws lub peev xwm los ua lub chaw kab lis kev cai thiab thaj chaw pej xeem. Nws tseem muab txoj hauv kev daws cov teeb meem kho vaj tse tseem ceeb thiab ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub chaw ua yeeb yam thiab cov tsev khaws khoom qub.
Lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm yog los ua kom muaj cov neeg taug kev loj hlob ntawm thaj chaw Cascade nrog cov kev pom tshiab thiab cov suab txuas ntawm cov qib qis.
Lub khawb av me me. Karen, vim li cas koj thiaj txiav txim siab los ntawm New York? Nws zoo li tias qhov no yog kev npau suav ntawm txhua tus hluas vajtse: kawm ntawm Columbia University, ua haujlwm nrog "hnub qub" …
- Kuv pom zoo, tab sis txawm nws yuav nrov npaum li cas los xij, nws nyob ntawd kuv muaj qhov txaus ntshai ntawm stagnation. Yog tias koj nyob ntev, nws yuav nyuaj rau rov qab los. Thiab kuv muaj lub siab xav rov qab los. Kuv kawm ib xyoos thiab ua haujlwm hauv chaw haujlwm Bernard Chumi tau ib xyoos thiab ib nrab.
Yog tias nws tsis pub leej twg paub, qhia peb me ntsis txog nws, txog nws txoj haujlwm
"Nov tsis yog chaw haujlwm" chaw haujlwm ", tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws muab kev ywj pheej rau cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nws yog tus neeg qhib siab, tsis muaj siab xav. Nws yog "tswj hwm tus txiv neej", yog li yuav tsum tau hais, tswj txhua yam kom paub me me.
Kev xaiv nyiam heev. Peb tuaj yeem tsim 20-30 txoj kev xaiv rau ib qhov project. Tom qab ntawd kaum ntawm lawv tau raug xaiv, tom qab ntawd lawv "txiav ceg tawv", thiab muaj kwv yees li tsib sab laug. Zoo, thaum kawg, kev txiav txim siab tsawg kawg.
Ua haujlwm rau Chumi tshoov koj cov kev xav
- Lub sijhawm dhau los, tshwj xeeb, hauv kev ua haujlwm, kuv xav tias nws lub zog yog qhov zoo. Kuv ntxub kev nkag mus rau cov ntsiab lus, tab sis qhov no yog qhov uas koj yuav tsum tau txais ib txoj kev xav rau nws txoj kev tsim qauv, ntseeg kuv, nws zoo siab heev! Tab sis, tib lub sijhawm, Kuv tsis yog ib tus neeg txhawb nqa ntawm kev siv tshuab ntawm nws txoj kev.
- Zoo, rau kuv cov lus nug: "Koj tau mus rau Chumi li cas?", Ntuj, Kuv tau txais lo lus teb - "Zoo heev los ntawm kev sib tsoo!" (luag)
Puas yog koj tab tom nrhiav kom muab lub zeem muag tshwj xeeb rau koj cov phiaj xwm?
- Peb tsis txhob xav tias peb yuav tsim lub zeem muag ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej nrog rau sab hauv zoo lossis muaj lub tsev. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias koj yog tus ua haujlwm [architectural] lossis tau txais lub luag haujlwm loj los tsim lub zeem muag ntawd. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov project me thiab npog ntau qhov teeb meem: keeb kwm, cuab yeej cuab tam, kev lag luam, kev sib txuas lus, thiab lwm yam.
Yog tias peb sim los tsim peb txoj haujlwm, tom qab ntawv nws yog, ib qho kev txav txav deb ntawm cov teeb meem. Peb tsis hloov lub tshaj tawm ua ntej manifesto lossis ideology rau ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb. Tiam sis, qhov fab ntxeev yog qhov tseeb. Peb sim mloog zoo rau qee yam hauv ib cheeb tsam: txhawm rau nrhiav thiab qhia qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw muab thiab muab peb lub zeem muag ntawm lawv qhov kev daws teeb meem.
Piv txwv, hauv "Cascade" qhov project, peb pom teeb meem hauv kev txav chaw. Hauv txoj haujlwm "Tom Qab Ntsa" peb pom ib qho teeb meem nyob rau ntawm kev muaj laj kab ntawm lub laj kab phab ntsa, thiab yog tias nws raug tshem tawm, tom qab ntawd ntau txoj haujlwm tau raug. Tab sis hauv txoj kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias architecture yog xws li cov txheej txheem qeeb uas thaum koj tab tom ua haujlwm qhov project, kev pib ua haujlwm yuav ploj mus.
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zooming 1/21 Behind Ntsa Iab. Hauv kev koom tes nrog TL Bureau © TarberAK Architectural Studio & TL Bureau
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Qhov dej num tsim ua ke nrog TL Bureau yog tsim los kho kev sib txuas hauv nroog loj kab rov tav, uas tau nres hauv lawv txoj kev txhim kho vim yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm "Cascade". Peb tab tom hais tshwj xeeb txog thaj chaw ntawm lub qub chaw nyob ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Armenia (tam sim no Lub Xeev Pawg Tswj Xyuas Haujlwm) - ib cheeb tsam ntsuab tau muab coj mus rau BEYOND the WALL, uas tuaj yeem ua qhov chaw pej xeem: ib lub platform rau cov lus qhuab qhia thiab qhib cov duab yeeb yaj kiab, a taug kev thaj chaw rau cov neeg nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov chaw thiab cov neeg ncig tebchaws, chaw qhia xov xwm rau tsev cia puav pheej (qhov chaw muaj peev xwm muaj lub tsev khaws puav pheej nyiaj ntsuab), lub tiaj ua si muaj tswv yim rau cov tub ntxhais kawm Academy. Nrog lawv cov phiaj xwm, cov kws tsim qauv hais tawm kom tshem phab ntsa, rov qab mus rau thaj chaw ntsuab rau hauv nroog, thiab tsim lub chaw hauv zej zog tshiab nyob ntawd.
Txawm tias qhov chaw haujlwm tsawg tshaj plaws tuaj yeem tshaj tawm nws cov lus nrog txoj haujlwm me me
Feem ntau qhov xav ntawm cov tub txawg tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov tuam txhab rau thawj yog raug txo tshwj rau txoj kev tshawb fawb raws cai. Koj cov lus qhia ntawm tus kheej yog dab tsi?
- Koj twv yuav raug hu muaj ib hom lus tshwj xeeb. Tab sis peb siv zog thiaj li hais tias nyob rau hauv peb tes num kev nkag siab ntawm lub "lus" raug cai tsis xav. Peb tso tseg clichés thiab cov khoom sib dhos rau qhov hais tawm tus kheej.
Rau txhua txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb, koj xaiv cov lus tsim nyog thiab daws - los ntawm ntau txoj kev. Cov lus yog tsim los ntawm qhov project mus rau qhov project. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ib daim ntawv yug los, thiab yog tias nws daws tau qhov teeb meem no, ces nws tig mus.
Hauv kev tsim kho tshiab tam sim no, cov lus los ua ntau dua thiab ntau dua thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov ciaj ciam ntawm tus kheej yog qhov muag plooj. Hauv Armenia, cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam kuj tau koom nrog "kwj" no
- Peb pom zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv blockade tau ploj mus ua tsaug rau Is Taws Nem. Nws cov neeg siv tseem ceeb (txhais tau tias pib xyoo 2000s, thaum cov tub txawj ntse tiam no loj hlob - kwv yees li T. A.) yog cov hluas ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Hauv peb lub tswv yim, nws yog nrog qhov no uas ib tus tuaj yeem koom ua ke cov kev hloov hauv hom lus ntawm architecture hauv peb lub teb chaws thiab tsis yog. Cov twj paj nruag ntawm kev hais tawm tau ntau yam thiab hloov zoo ib yam nkaus. Qhov no tseem thawb cov tub ntxhais hluas ua qauv tshiab mus rau kev xav tshiab. Los ntawm txoj kev, ntau lo lus tshiab tau tshwm sim hauv cov lus tshaj plaws: kev txav, kev tshwm sim, chaw pej xeem, thiab lwm yam.
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Tsim los tsim ua ke nrog TL Bureau, qhov haujlwm nthuav tawm cov tsev qiv ntawv npe tom qab Isahakyan nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam thib 3 ntawm tsoomfwv thiab lub chaw tos txais ntawm "Republic Square" chaw nres tsheb hauv xov ("Hanrapetutsyan Khraparak"). Qhov kev tshawb fawb tau coj los ntawm cov sau phau ntawv qhia tau tias tsis muaj chaw pej xeem tsis muaj chaw nyob, tshwj xeeb yog vim cov kev cai tshiab rau cov tsev qiv ntawv, kev tshaj tawm ntau yam, thiab lwm yam. Qhov zoo siab tau nthuav dav, ob lub cheeb tsam no yog nyob rau ntawm tib theem thiab raug cais los ntawm ib lub “qhov”. Cov tsev qiv ntawv yuav muab nthuav mus rau qhov chaw ntawm "lub qhov taub" no thiab txuas nrog "Republic Square" los ntawm cov kwj deg hauv av. Lub ntim tshiab, vim yog lub kauj ruam ntawm lub-ru tsev, yuav muab tsis tsuas yog kab rov tav, tab sis kuj muaj kev sib txuas lus ntsug: chaw ciav, muaj peb theem ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv, sab saud, ntsuab cheeb tsam ntawm chaw nres tsheb.
Architecture tsis yog kev xaj, tab sis qee yam uas tsim kom muaj tswv yim, xwm txheej, lus nug
Caj pas tsis zoo hauv koj cov phiaj xwm: koj ua haujlwm nrog nws li cas?
- Peb tsis yog tawm ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam ua ib qho sib cais sib txawv hauv peb txoj haujlwm. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb txhim kho teeb meem hauv ib puag ncig. Nws yog los ntawm tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog rau tus qauv yuav tsum nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe ntawm monuments tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau suav tias yog qhov cuab yeej cuab tam. Tej zaum nws yuav yog qhov poob siab tshaj plaws. Rau peb, txojsia yog ua haujlwm nrog cov teebmeem ntawm yav dhau los uas tau nqis los rau peb. Peb siv zog rau txoj hauv kev uas yuav pab daws teeb meem niaj hnub no thiab yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau yav dhau los.
Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, txoj haujlwm hauv Dilijan yog qhov nthuav rau kuv
- Hauv Dilijan, peb pom cov peev txheej ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv cov qhov qub (cov tsev pob zeb ua kev puas tsuaj tsis tiav - T. A. ntawv ceeb toom). Cov kev tsim kho no tau tshwj tseg. Cov neeg paub tias yuav tsum tsim ib lub tsev teev ntuj nyob, lawv tuaj ntawm no, taws tswm ciab thiab yog li tsim ib hom aura puag ncig. Nws yog ib yam dab tsi uas tseem tsis tau "mus txog" nws txoj haujlwm.
Peb tau sim los tsim cov hlau nplaum los ntawm architecture nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tso tseg uas yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, npaj qhov chaw thiab qhia qhov no "cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsis tiav" los ntawm kev qhia qhov kev xav thib ob rau hauv nws.
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zooming 1/9 Dilijan: "Pavilion of the Phab Ntsa" (kev ua yeeb yam tas mus li). "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" (kev teeb tsa) © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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zooming 2/9 Dilijan: “Pavilion of Blessed Phab Ntsa” (kev ua yeeb yam tas mus li). "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" (kev teeb tsa) © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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zooming 3/9 Dilijan: "Pavilion of the Phab ntsa" (kev ua yeeb yam tas mus li). "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" (kev teeb tsa) © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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zooming 4/9 Dilijan: “Pavilion of Blessed Phab Ntsa” (ua yeeb yam tas). "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" (kev teeb tsa) © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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zooming 5/9 Dilijan: “Pavilion of Blessed Phab Ntsa” (kev ua yeeb yam tas mus li). "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" (kev teeb tsa) © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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zooming 6/9 Dilijan: “Pavilion of Blessed Phab Ntsa” (kev ua yeeb yam tas mus li). "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" (kev teeb tsa) © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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zooming 7/9 Dilijan: “Pavilion of Blessed Phab Ntsa” (ua yeeb yam tas). "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" (kev teeb tsa) © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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zooming 8/9 Dilijan: “Pavilion of Blessed Phab Ntsa” (kev ua yeeb yam tas mus li). "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" (kev teeb tsa) © TarberAK Architectural Studio
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zooming 9/9 Dilijan: “Pavilion of Blessed Phab Ntsa” (kev ua yeeb yam tas mus li). "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" (kev teeb tsa) © TarberAK Architectural Studio
Lub tsev sib tawg nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Dilijan, xeeb kaum xyoo dhau los ua lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis tsis tau ua tiav, npaj siab yuav tig los ua qhov chaw qhib kev kos duab. Thawj qhov kev teeb tsa yuav tsum muaj lub rooj nthuav dav "Lo Lus ntawm Narekatsi" mob siab rau txoj kev sawv ntawm Grigor Narekatsi.
Txhawm rau txhim kho lub siab ntawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub pavilion, 6 x 6 m lub voos xwm yeem ntawm polished stainless hlau yuav txhim tsa hauv nws qhov chaw, "tsis nyiam" uas qhia txog qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Sab hauv koj tuaj yeem teeb pom kev ua yeeb yam muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws. Cov phab ntsa ntawm lub pavilion nws tus kheej tau npaj los siv rau qhov teeb tsa ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus, chij thiab lwm yam khoom siv tso rau neeg pom.
Architecture tsis tas yuav muaj ib txoj haujlwm ua kom txaus siab
Koj yuav pom koj lub neej yav tom ntej li cas? Tom qab tag nrho, "Tarberak" tseem txhais tau ib hom ntawm cov xeev nruab nrab, lub xeev ntawm cov sib txawv
- Nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tswj qhov kev txaus siab ntev npaum li no, thiab peb paub tias peb qhov kev mob siab yuav ploj mus. Txawm hais tias ib qho ntawm peb cov kev pib hloov los ua qhov kev muaj tiag, thiab peb pom tias peb txoj kev txaus siab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov kev txiav txim. Qhov no ua rau peb muaj lub siab xav txuas ntxiv peb txoj kev kawm. Peb cia siab tias nws hloov zuj zus thiab tsis ploj mus.
Peb tau txais kev ywj pheej, peb xav tshaj tawm peb txoj haujlwm. Peb kuj nyiam - thiab peb muaj kev paub zoo li no - los ua cov haujlwm nrog kev koom tes nrog lwm tus neeg.
