Xyoo no "Ru Tsev ntawm Lub Tsev" tau kawm tiav qhov chaw tshiab ntawm Tretyakov Gallery ntawm Krymsky Val. Daim phiaj nrog cov phiaj xwm tau muab tso rau feem ntau foyer ntawm chav tsev ntawm 3 pem teb, chav foyer ntawm 2nd tau nyob ntawm qhov chaw nruab ntawm cov neeg koom. Qhov "nkag" mus rau qhov chaw lom zem yog cim los ntawm "koov triumphal" ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Bureau Sloboda, lub plank ntawm qhov uas tau dai tag nrog cov xim ntau yam xim. Tsiv mus ntxiv, los ntawm lub qhov rais muaj "chav" nrog cov rooj tog ntsuab-txiv kab ntxwv, ua kom ntev "mustaches" ntev, thiab hauv pem teb npog nrog pebbles los ntawm cov kws tsim qauv nto moo Elena Teplitskaya. Cov neeg nyob ze yog lub hauv paug ntawm Dmitry Bukach cov quav. Thiab qhov kev teeb tsa "10 lub ru tsev" tau tsim los ntawm cov kws ua vaj tsev Gikalo thiab Kuptsov tshwj xeeb rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua koob tsheej. Cov khoom zoo nkauj tshaj plaws yog "Polyana" ntawm pawg "AB" - tiag tiag, nrog av thiab nyom. Cov kws sau ntawv tau muab cov khoom khawb ntawm lub taub ntim tso rau hauv cov hlau pwm ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa ib puag ncig, tso nws rau ntawm ob txhais ceg nyias sab xis ntawm theem ntawm cov qhua qhov muag.
Qhov chaw dav heev ntawm Tretyakov foyers tseem tsis tau txaus rau cov neeg tsim qauv thiab cov kws tshaj lij - piv txwv li, Boris Uborevich-Borovsky kev teeb tsa yog "txiav", tawm tsuas yog ib qho ntawm xya lub xaim hlau ntawm "nyoob hoom qav taub" nce mus txog 3 pem teb. Cov ntsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv pem teb thib peb yog qhov neeg nyiam thiab coj mus saib tus neeg saib lub ntsej muag los ntawm txhua lwm yam, thiab los ntawm qhov ntau thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm txhua yam nrog txhua yam, koj tsuas yog pib poob. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov ncauj lus nthuav tawm nthuav dav nthuav dav ntawm cov phiaj xwm niaj hnub, sib txuam, txawm li cas los xij, nrog eclecticism thiab kitsch outright. Ib qho kev tsim nyog tau hloov rau kev niaj hnub no mas yog neoclassicism ntawm Mikhail Filippov.
Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov ntau ntawm cov kim thiab tsim qauv, tab sis feem ntau tsis yog "qub" chav tsev tsim qauv, cov dej num ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv lub teb chaws zoo li nthuav ntau, qhia cov kev sib txawv los npaj cov chaw nyob hauv lub moj khaum ntawm modernism, los ntawm avant-garde kev sib hlub rau utilitarianism. Ntawm no yog "tsev" raug ntawm Vladimir Sudarikov nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm Dutch modernism, uas tau ua dua tshiab ntawm lub tsev lag luam nplai. Thiab, hmoov tsis, tsis yog cim los ntawm pawg neeg pab txiav txim, tab sis tus neeg tsis nyiam "tsev-qhov", uas, ua ke nrog lub teb chaws lub tsev ntawm ARDEPO chaw lis haujlwm, nthuav tawm cov ncauj lus tam sim no ntawm "faus" lub tsev mus rau hauv av. Hauv txoj haujlwm tsim ntawm Roman Leonidov "lub tsev txawb" ib tus tuaj yeem paub cov lus piv txwv ntawm cov "txawb" cov xaim ntawm Soviet xyoo 1920. Thiab "Villa Panorama" chaw lis haujlwm "A-GA" & "Kev Tsim Kho Lub Chaw Nkag Tebchaws" tsim qauv tshiab ntawm Corbusianism hauv txoj hauv kev rau kev ua duab.
Thaj, pawg neeg tseem txiav txim siab kuj muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm, sib txawv ntau ntawm kev ua tiav theem. Bart Goldhorn, Levon Airapetov, Nikolai Malinin thiab lwm tus, uas tau nkag mus hauv nws, txiav txim rau lub sijhawm no nyuaj dua, uas yog rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Ntau qhov kev xaiv tsa tau tawm mus yam tsis tau txais khoom plig, tab sis qhov zoo tshaj plaws tau ploj mus tas li ntawm txhua qhov kev hu nkauj uas muaj kev sib txawv thiab tsis meej. Kev txiav txim kuj tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa kev tshaj tawm txoj cai ntawm pawg neeg txiav txim - raws li Nikolai Malinin, nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb nyuaj rau lawv nrog "kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv", qhov twg tsuas yog ib qhov neoclassical project tswj kom tawg los ntawm "modernist censorship".
Kev muab nqi zog rau lub sijhawm no, zoo li tag nrho cov kev ua koob tsheej, tsis mus raws li ib txwm muaj. Qhov ib, vim yog hnub xiab ib. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev xav tsis thoob tos cov qhua ua ntej lub koob tsheej - zaj yeeb yaj kiab luv-hu ua "dev ua haujlwm", nyob rau hauv uas cov neeg ua yeeb yam ntawm lub tsiab peb caug pom zoo li plaub tus phooj ywg ntawm cov tsiaj sib txawv thiab xim, khiav ib puag ncig nrog frantic zeal, ua kom tiav cov haujlwm tom ntej ntawm lawv tus thawj coj. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov yeej ntawm xyoo dhau los kuj tau tsim lub sijhawm 10 lub xyoo.
Qhov ob, xyoo no "Lub ru tsev ntawm ib lub tsev" tau dhau los ua tus tsim qauv Architecture Biennale. Hauv qhov no, nws tau hloov mus rau tus ncej Crimean, thiab tus saib xyuas Bart Goldhorn tau raug caw tuaj ua tus thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg pab txiav txim. Lub koob tsheej, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg, rau tag nrho nws 10 xyoo tsis ua dab tsi tab sis teb cov lus nug "yuav ua li cas nyob", thiab yog li ntawd nws haum rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov tam sim no Biennale kuj muaj sia, uas tsis tuaj yeem hais txog nws tus neeg nyob ze - kev nthuav qhia ntawm Qhov Phiaj Xwm Tswv Yim ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Moscow nyob rau hauv qab no. Bart Goldhorn zoo li cov neeg nruab nrab tau nthuav tawm rau kev sib tw, tab sis zoo li theem zoo nyob rau hauv dav dav, ntawm qhov ntawd, lub sijhawm no, tsis yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm sab hauv tsim nyog rau thawj qhov chaw thiab qhov no yog tsos mob heev. Txhua yam yog du thiab kim, thiab tsis muaj ib tug neeg, hauv Goldhorn cov lus, zoo li "hom tshiab."
Tej zaum vim li no, ib qho khoom tawm tau sawv los ntawm txhua qhov, thiab nws tau sau tseg hauv cov kev xaiv tsa sib txawv - ob qho tib si "nthuav dav" thiab "tsev tsim" thiab "thaj chaw nyob sab hauv" thiab "kho kom zoo nkauj". Qhov no yog lub tsev so "Friendhouse" tsev so ntawm Yuri Ryntovt (Kharkov), uas tau muab nqi tshaj Grand Prix los ntawm pawg neeg pab txiav txim. Kuv xav hu nws "tsev so-kolobok" rau nws cov duab txawv, uas qhia txog lub khob noom cookie nrog lub qhov los ntawm tus ntiv tes, uas tus sau hloov lub pylons li ib txwm. Loj heev cov laug cam hauv av "nias mus txog" lub khob noom cookie, uas yog vim li cas nws daws thiab zoo li lub caij nplooj hlav. Qhov laj thawj yog rov ua dua nyob rau hauv qhov kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa ntawm nyias chav, nrog qhov-qhov rais, thiab nyob rau sab hauv, qhov chaw uas muaj cov pwm nce pwm yog puab los ntawm tib "khob noom cookie", loj hlob mus rau hauv qab nthab. Xws li kev coj noj coj ua tsis sib luag ntawm phab ntsa nrog kev xuas tes ua qhov zoo li lub ntsej muag hauv Ukrainian huts-huts, uas ua rau lub tsev so nrog lub npe txawv teb chaws "Friendhouse" zoo li Ukrainian ua liaj ua teb, tab sis tsis mob siab, tab sis qee yam ironically.
Thawj qhov chaw rau "lub chaw tsim ua tiav hauv tsev" tau muab rau Villa Panorama los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm A-HA & Design Center Ecotecture, uas ua rau nco txog cov vaj tse ntawm Le Corbusier ua tsaug rau daim ntawv teev meej thiab cov xim dawb. Ua ke nrog cov kws sau ntawv, Nikolai Malinin zoo siab nrog cov khoom plig, vim tias nws nyiam qhov khoom no ntev ua ntej kev sib tw, thiab yog li ntawd nws tau luam tawm nws qhov teeb meem kawg ntawm nws phau ntawv xov xwm "Ua Rau Yav Tom Ntej". Muaj kev tsis pom zoo rau qhov kev xaiv tsa "phiaj xwm-lub tswv yim ntawm ib lub tsev hauv lub tebchaws" rau kev muab yeej thib 1, vim cov neeg txiav txim tau txiav txim siab ncaj ncees qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub tswv yim ntawm "lub tswv yim" thiab "project". Yog li no, rau "lub tswv yim" qhov chaw thib 1 tau muab rau pab pawg ntawm lub chaw lis haujlwm "AB", thiab raws li "qhov project" lawv tau sau tseg ib lub tsev ntiag tug nyob hauv lub zos Malakhovka, rhiav "Atrium". Sab nrauv "deconstructivist mess" ntawm lub tsev no yeej muaj cov qauv ua kom pom tseeb - nws yog ib chav nyob ntawm chav, spiraling zoo li lub plhaub. Lwm lub koom haum tshwm sim, piv txwv li, nplai, slate, lub npe hu ua Sydney Opera. Qhov haujlwm ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis yog qhov nthuav rau qhov kev hu ua "impedance-free glazing".
Pawg neeg txiav txim siab pom lub tsheb ntawm Vera thiab Alexey Lobanov los ntawm Bureau Sloboda ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws "sab hauv nthuav dav". Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog tib qho khoom siv coj los ua yeeb yam hauv lub rooj sib tham hauv cov khoom, thiab tsis yog hauv duab. Lub bolide, lossis lub hnub qub loj ntawm cov qauv parabolic, tsim los ntawm lub cev ntaj ntsug "tus Tsov tus tw", nyiam cov kws sau ntawv rau nws cov kais dej, thiab lawv rov ua nws ntau zaus hauv ntau cov ntsiab lus sab hauv, los ntawm cov rooj tog txaj muag rau cov teeb.
Ntawm cov phiaj xwm ntau yam uas tau txais khoom plig, lub tsev nyob hauv Benelux kev sib hais ntawm ARDEPO chaw lis dej num tsim nyog hais tshwj xeeb, uas tau txais thib 2 hauv kev xaiv tsa "qhov project-lub tswv yim ntawm lub teb chaws lub tsev", vim tias, ua ntej, nws nyiam los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev nthuav qhia cov khoom, heev kev txwv, yuav luag minimalist, thiab tib lub sijhawm paub tab paub xav. Thiab tsuas yog ob txoj haujlwm xws li tawm tsam tag nrho thiab obsessive ntau ntxiv - lwm qhov yog "mobile architecture" ntawm Roman Leonidov, kuj qhia meej meej thiab piav qhia ntawm cov keeb kwm yav dhau los dawb. Thiab qhov thib ob, qhov no kwv qhov kev sib txuas mus rau ib puag ncig txoj kev xav, txij li nws yuav luag ib nrab yog khawb rau hauv av, nrog dav hlau Suprematist, uas pom meej meej thaum saib tus kwv los saum toj no. Bart Goldhorn tau qhuas txog qhov haujlwm no "rau txoj kev daws teeb meem nrog kev coj ua zoo li cov tsev ntawm Frank Lloyd Wright."
Bart Goldhorn, los ntawm txoj kev, tau sau tseg tias qhov xwm txheej nrog rau sab hauv thiab ib lub tsev ntiav nyob hauv Lavxias yog qhov zoo dua li nrog cov vaj tse hauv kev sib raug zoo, uas tau qhia los ntawm Biennale tam sim no, thiab piav qhia tias vim li cas: ua haujlwm. Sab hauv tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Lavxias architecture rau lub ntiaj teb kev sib tham tswv yim ua tsaug rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub tswv yim xws li kev npaj pub dawb. Cov tsev ntiav tau twb qhia txog kauj ruam tom ntej rau kev txhim kho kev tsim kho vaj tsev hauv Lavxias. " Thiab dab tsi tom qab ib tus neeg lub tsev? Cov vaj tsev loj, ntawm chav kawm, uas Bart Goldhorn yog mob siab txog. Yog li "Lub ru tsev ntawm Lub Tsev" nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog cov lus tshaj tawm zoo nkauj rau phau ntawv hais txog cov vaj tse zoo hauv vaj tse uas tseem tsis tau sau txog peb.
Hauv qab no yog ua tiav cov npe ntawm cov neeg qhuas:
Yawg Nom Tswv Pog
Hotel "Friendhouse" Yuriy Ryntovt (Kharkiv)
Thawj qhov chaw
Hauv qeb "Tshawb Nrhiav Sab Hauv"
- "Bolide". Vera thiab Alexey Lobanov, Bureau Sloboda.
Hauv qeb "Kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv"
- Chav Tsev "Gintaras". Ivan Shalmin
Hauv kev sau npe "Project-lub tswv yim ntawm ib lub tsev hauv tebchaws"
- Lub phiaj xwm ntawm lub tsev nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Andrey Savin, Mikhail Labazov, Andrey Cheltsov. Kws kes duab vajtse chaw haujlwm "A-B"
- Cov tsev ntiav nyob hauv lub nroog Malakhovka. Anton Nadtochy, Vera Butko, Ekaterina Golovanova, Alexey Kalashnikov. Architectural Rhiav "Atrium".
Hauv qeb "Ua tiav lub tsev nyob tsim"
- "Villa Panorama". Rustam Kerimov, Vladimir Gumankov, Elena Manuilova. Architectural Bureau "A-GA" & "Chaw Tsim Tshuaj Ecotecture"
Hauv qeb "Pej xeem sab hauv"
- Cov chaw so ua si ntawm cov lag luam ntau txoj haujlwm "Lub Tsev Lag Luam Znamenka". Oleg Popov, Ksenia Skorokhod, Ivan Svirin, Vita Danilova, Maria Svirina. Architectural Rhiav "Popov thiab Kws Ua Haujlwm".
Tshwj xeeb cov nqi zog ntawm Moskomarkhitektura hauv kev xaiv tsa "Project-Lub tswv yim ntawm ib lub tebchaws hauv tebchaws"
- Cov chav ua vaj tsev prefabricated. Vladimir Sudarikov. Architectural Rhiav 56
2nd qhov chaw
Hauv qeb "Kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv"
- Chav tsev nyob rau hauv Moscow 150 sq.m. Marina Fillipova, Leila Ulukhanova. D'Studio Qauv.
Hauv kev sau npe "Project-lub tswv yim ntawm ib lub tsev hauv tebchaws"
- Txoj Haujlwm ntawm ib lub tsev nyob hauv lub tebchaws Benelux. Pavel Abramov, Alexey Volkov. ARDEPO Architectural Bureau.
Hauv qeb "Ua tiav lub tsev nyob tsim"
- Lub tsev nyob rau hauv Kratovo. Mikhail Fillipov, Rhiav ntawm Mikhail Fillipov.
Hauv qeb "Tshawb Sab Hauv Sab Nraud"
- chav tsev "Vorobyovy Gory". Boris Uborevich-Borovsky, Daria Osipova. Cov kws kes duab vajtse "Uborevich Tsim"
- chav tsev studio hauv Moscow. Andrey thiab Maria Gorozhankin
Hauv qeb "Pej xeem sab hauv"
- Yandex chav haujlwm hauv St. Petersburg. Petr Zaitsev, Arseny Borisenko. Architectural bureau "za bor"
- Le Cov khw muag khoom hauv Spain. Alexey Kozyr, Ilya Babak, Alexander Konstantinov, Maria Shustrova. Architectural Rhiav ntawm Alexey Kozyr
3 qho chaw
Hauv qeb "Tshawb Sab Hauv Sab Nraud"
- "Tsev Xinesmas". Dmitry Ovcharov, Boris Voskoboinikov. Studio "Nefaresearch".
Laureate npe:
Hauv qeb "Tshawb Nrhiav Sab Hauv"
- Cov lus rau cov lus sib hais. Architectural bureau "Rudakov thiab Kws Ua Haujlwm".
Hauv kev sau npe "Project-lub tswv yim ntawm ib lub tsev hauv tebchaws"
- Txawb architecture. Roman Leonidov. Roman Leonidov Architectural Bureau
- "Lub Tsev Tokyo". Sergey Nasedkin. Kws kes duab vajtse ArCH.625
"Lub Tsev Tsim Nyog Hauv Tsev"
- "117 ko taw". Konstantin Larin
- "Skat tsev" nyob ntawm Klyazminskoye lub pas dej. Totan Kuzembaev, Sergey Savanets, Maria Salina. Architectural Rhiav ntawm Totan Kuzembaev.
- "Lub tsev nyob tom hav zoov". Anna Shchetinina. Kws kes duab vajtse chaw haujlwm "Terra"
Hauv qeb "Tshawb Sab Hauv Sab Nraud"
- Cov Vaj Tse. Gabellini & Sheppard (New York)
- "Tsev so-chav tsev". Victor Freidenberg
Hauv qeb "Pej xeem sab hauv"
- Lub chav ua cim ntawm Symmetron. Hluav taws xob Cheebtsam . Dmitry Melitonyan
