Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog lub tsev tsim kho dua tshiab uas tau muaj txij li xyoo 1950: tom qab ntawd nyob rau Tiananmen Square, rov qab ua lub tuam tsev ntawm National National Congress, ib qho chaw ua si ntawm lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Suav Kev Tawm Tsam thiab Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Suav Keeb Kwm tau tsim (tom qab ntawd tso ua ke ntawm cov square tau ua tiav los ntawm mausoleum ntawm Mao Zedong). Xyoo 1959, hnub puv 10 ntawm PRC tau ua kev zoo siab, thiab rau qhov kev ua koob tsheej 10 lub tsev "ua koob tsheej thoob ntiaj teb" tau tsim (suav nrog lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Tiananmen): lawv cov dej num tau cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntawd twb tau tshaj tawm thib ob ntawm lub tebchaws, qhov kev tshawb rau uas tau nrhiav los ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse ntawm cov koom pheej hluas … Los ntawm lub sijhawm no, tus yam ntxwv ntawm Soviet tshwj xeeb tau tsis kam, yog li cov tuam tsev tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog ntau dua qub décor, txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus neoclassical feem ntau tau tshwj tseg thiab txawm tias tau txais kev ncaj ncees ntau dua li yav dhau los.
Cov tsev khaws khoom qub muaj tsis pauv hloov txog xyoo 2003, thaum lawv tau muab tso ua ke rau hauv National Museum ntawm Suav. Txhawm rau kho dua tshiab thiab txhim kho qhov ua kom zoo, ib qho kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb tau tuav, hauv qhov no gmp bureau yeej. Raws li tau xeeb los ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse, lub tsev loj hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, nyob hauv lub tshav puam thiab fenced tawm ntawm lub xwmfab los ntawm lub vijtsam colonnade, yuav tsum tau hloov lub tsev tshiab uas muaj lub vov loj saum ruv "hovering" saum toj nws hauv lub siab ntawm tsoos suav teb architecture thiab txuas rau txhua qhov ntawm lub tsev. Qhov kev daws teeb meem no tseem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim kom muaj kev sib txuas lus ncaj qha ntawm sab hauv tsev cia puav pheej thiab cov tuam tsev loj ntawm Beijing.
Hauv kev nthuav dav txog qhov kev txhim kho ntawm txoj haujlwm, lawv tau nres ntawm qhov kev txwv ntxiv, txuas ntxiv txoj kab ntawm architecture thaum xyoo 1950: peb tuaj yeem hais tias tom ntej no hauv lub tebchaws kev coj ua ntawm PRC tau pom - plaub hauv ib cov kab (qhov thib peb yog kev tawm dag zog postmodern ntawm lub ncauj lus no xyoo 1980 - 90s).
Qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev tshiab yog 260- ntev-ntev "kev sib tham" uas ua haujlwm ua qhov chaw tos txais thiab thaj chaw rau cov kev sib ntsib. Nws cov qauv ua raws li txheej txheem Suav ib txwm peb txheej txheem: cov pob zeb hauv av granite-clad, lub tsev ntoo-clad lub cev tseem ceeb (kev ua yeeb yam qib) thiab lub qab nthab coffered. Lub Rooj Sib Tham txuas rau qhov tseem ceeb, sab hnub poob nkag nrog rau ib sab ntxiv - sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb, yog li pab cov neeg ncig ncig ncig lub tsev khaws puav pheej, uas nrog thaj tsam 200,000 m2 neeg pab leg ntaubntawv yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb (uas yog peb zaug ntau dua ua ntej rov tsim dua tshiab).
Lub ntsej muag sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev tshiab tau raug kaw los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub xwmfab los ntawm colonnade-screen, lub suab ntawm cov kev txhawb nqa ntawm uas rov ua dua nyob hauv nws tus qauv tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho kev xa mus rau cov kev cai qub (qhov tseeb hauv lub siab ntawm xyoo 1950) yog kev siv cov ntawv niaj hnub los txhawb lub ru tsev ntawm Dougun consoles. Lub ru tsev nws tus kheej yog sheathed nrog cov xim hlau tooj daj, nco ntsoov ntawm cov vuas golden ntawm lub nroog Forbidden City (daj yog xim xim xim daj). Lub qhov rooj nkag yog tsim los ntawm perforated bronze vaj huam sib luag uas zoo ib yam li carved shutters, tsim kom muaj cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm sab hauv.
Sab qaum teb tis ntawm lub tsev, tig mus rau Chang'an Avenue, muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm keeb kwm ntawm PRC (txij li xyoo 1949), nyob rau sab qab teb tis muaj chaw haujlwm thiab tsev qiv ntawv. Hauv lub tsev tshiab, chav ua yeeb yam ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm yog nyob ntawm 4 kab ib ncig ntawm lub tsev loj ("liab") rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Ib chav auditorium (tsis yog rau cov lus qhia xwb, tabsis kuj ua rau kev hais kwv txhiaj) thiab tsev xinesmas muaj nyob hauv qab nws. Qis qib qis thiab cellars muaj chaw cob qhia, chaw soj nstuam, chav cia khoom thiab chaw nres tsheb.
Nina Frolova
