Cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntawv no tau teev sijhawm los ua kev nco txog hnub Cathedral ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Moat, zoo dua lub npe hu ua Cathedral ntawm St. Basil the Blessed, - xyoo no lub tuam tsev, uas nws ua tiav xyoo 1561, hloov 455 xyoos. Tus sau - tus kws sau keeb kwm ntawm architecture, tus kws kho mob ntawm keeb kwm kos duab, tus xibfwb Andrei Leonidovich Batalov, tau qhia peb txog keeb kwm, cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb tseem ceeb thiab cov phiaj xwm luam tawm lub ntim thib ob:
“Kuv tau kawm txog lub tsev teev ntuj txij xyoo 1980s - uas yog, tag nrho kuv lub neej nyob nrog kev paub. Thaum xyoo 2000, tom qab kuv tus kws qhia kev tuag Sergei Sergeevich Podyapolsky tag sim neej, Kuv yuav tsum tau ua tus thawj coj saib xyuas txoj haujlwm kom rov txhim kho ntawm St. Basil's Cathedral. Txij lub sijhawm ntawd, peb tau muaj kev sib txuas nrog nws. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshawb nrhiav lub monument tiag tiag, tau siv rau nws, saib qhov kuv tsis tuaj yeem pom ua ntej. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tshaj tawm zoo Sergei Obukhov tau yuam peb, ua ke nrog Lyubov Sergeevna Uspenskaya, sau ib phau ntawv me me. Nws tau dhau los ua ib hom kev zom ntawm ib lub tome tiag tiag, uas kuv tau ua rau ntau dua kaum ob xyoos. Kuv tau sau thiab rov sau phau ntawv, rov qab los rau nws kom txog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo no, thaum nws twb tau muab kho thiab ntaus ntawv lawm.
Tau ntau xyoo, cov phau ntawv tau luam tawm"
Dawb Ceev Chaw ntawm Medieval Moscow "," Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Ascension hauv Kolomenskoye ", sau ua ke nrog Leonid Belyaev; thawj ntim ntawm Kev Sau Nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem vaj tsev ntawm Moscow Kremlin, mob siab rau lub tswb ntaug" Ivan the Great "thiab cathedral belfries, Kuv sau ntau yam, tab sis kuv muaj lub luag haujlwm thiab lub siab xav kom kuv rov qab mus rau lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Nruab Nrab (Intercession Cathedral). Kuv yuav tsum tau hais tias thaum xub thawj nws tsis nyob hauv kuv cov phiaj xwm npaj sau haujlwm cais txog nws. phau ntawv mob siab rau keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias architecture nyob rau hauv Ivan Qhov Kev Txaus Ntshai. Tab sis tom qab ua tiav nws, Kuv pom tau hais tias keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub Moat yog muaj cia li tsis haum nyob rau hauv. Nws yog tom qab ntawd lub tswv yim sawv ib kem monograph rau nws.
Phau ntawv no tau dhau los ua thaj av rau kuv. Nws qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm lub tswv yim kos duab thiab tsim ua lub tuam tsev, hais txog qhov kev pab cuam uas nkag siab nws - hais txog cov kev mob siab ntawd uas ua rau tus neeg pub khoom siv xav tau kev tsim kho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, phau ntawv tsis yog hais txog lub tsev teev ntuj nws tus kheej nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj hais txog kev kos duab kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub caij nyoog ntawm Ivan lub Terrible los ntawm prism ntawm ib lub tuam tsev teev ntuj. Tsis muaj dab neeg txog kev rov txhim kho lub tsev teev ntuj hauv phau ntawv. Tab sis kuv npaj rau kev muab siab thib ob ntim rau qhov teeb meem no, nws yog twb nyob hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Xyoo 1988, Kuv tau sau ntawv nrog Tatyana Vyatchanina sau ib tsab ntawv xov xwm txog lub luag haujlwm thiab tseem ceeb ntawm tus qauv hauv Yeluxalees hauv Lavxias architecture. Tom qab ntawd txhua yam tsis meej rau kuv. Hauv phau ntawv no, kuv tau xav rov muab xav rau kuv lub tswv yim. Kuv tau ncaim tawm ntawm cov qauv qub uas St. Basil's Cathedral yog hom cim duab ntawm lub tuam tsev hauv Yeluxalees. Kuv yuav tsum tau teb cov lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws: dab tsi yog qhov zais cia ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj? Tam sim no, nws zoo nkaus li kuv tias kuv tau nrhiav lo lus teb. Kuv ua pov thawj rau kuv tus kheej tias qhov haujlwm no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau European Renaissance. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog tus qauv hauv Italian Renaissance - la maniera tedesca - uas cuam tshuam nrog Gothic. Gothic yeej tsis tau ua phem rau Renaissance. Nws tsuas yog tias nws tau ib txwm pom tias txoj kev ntawd, raws li cov lus npau taws ntawm Giorgio Vasari.
Kuv cia siab tias yuav muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo los ntawm qee qhov ntawm kuv cov neeg nyeem, vim hais tias hauv phau ntawv kuv hloov kho thiab tsis lees feem ntau ntawm cov tswvyim hais ua dabneeg. Tab sis qhov tseeb yog dearer. Phau ntawv hais txog lub tswv yim evolutionary, kov yeej cov lus dab neeg ntawm kev rho tawm ntawm Lavxias kos duab tom qab lub davhlau hauv 1538 ntawm lub sijhawm kawg "loj" Italian kws kes duab vajtse. Tau ntau xyoo kuv tau kawm tag nrho cov kev sib cuag ntawm Moscow lub tebchaws nrog rau sab hnub poob Europe. Cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias txij li xyoo 1548 ib tus kwj ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm ntau yam haujlwm tau xa mus rau Moscow - los ntawm cov kws tua phom rau cov nplais tsim cov lag luam (cov vuas muaj ob qho tib si hauv Intercession Cathedral thiab hauv Grand Ducal Palace tau kho dua tom qab hluav taws hauv 1547). Cov tub rog tub rog los ntawm Tebchaws Europe kuj tshwm sim, leej twg, raws li koj paub, kuj tau ua vajtse. Nws tau ntseeg tau paub tias cov kws paub lus Askiv ua haujlwm hauv tsev hais plaub ntawm Ivan lub Terrible. Tag nrho lub ntiaj teb muaj ntau haiv neeg tau tsim seething thiab tsim nyob rau hauv 1550-1560.
Kuv rov hais dua ib zaug ntxiv tias ib qho tuaj yeem nkag siab lub tsev teev ntuj tsuas yog pib ntawm peculiarities ntawm Renaissance kev coj ua. Nws tsis tuaj yeem raug kawm raws li kev ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab. Lub tsev teev ntuj yuav tsum tau saib tsuas yog los ntawm prism ntawm kev xav sib txuas ntawm ib tug kws kes duab vajtse Italian muaj peev xwm los hais txog ntau yam kev coj ua - Romanesque thiab Gothic. Muaj peev xwm los sib xyaw txhua yam no thiab tsim cov qauv kos duab uas yeej tsis tau muaj ua ntej. Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Intercession ntawm lub Moat yog ib qho qauv kos duab ua qauv ntawm Renaissance. Thiab qhov no yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho phau ntawv. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev teev ntuj yog lub tuam tsev tseem ceeb ntawm txhua daim duab Lavxias.
Xyoo no peb tab tom ua kev zoo siab rau 455 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm qhov nws tau tsim. Thiab kuv zoo siab tias kuv tswj kom tiav txoj haujlwm ntawm phau ntawv txog hnub no."
