Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 2012, lub taub hau thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm ntawm cov thawj coj ua kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim vaj tsev, suav nrog Archi. Ru portal, tau them nyiaj ua lag luam mus rau Tebchaws Yelemees kom paub txog German kev paub txog kev siv polystyrene thiab nws txoj haujlwm hauv kev tsim kho tshiab thiab txuag hluav taws xob. hauv Europe.
Nws tsis yog qhov tsis pub leej twg paub rau leej twg Lavxias tus neeg siv khoom hauv nws pawg loj tseem nyob deb ntawm kev lag luam ntawm lub zog txuag, thiab tsis yog txhua tus yuav muaj peev xwm nkag siab meej txog cov khoom ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev. Txhua qhov nthuav ntxiv yog cov kev paub dhau los thiab kev xav ntawm cov neeg uas tau ua nrog lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv no rau ntau lub xyoo lawm hauv "kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig" lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov lus sib tham tau nrog tus tswv ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim kho, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Npuas ntawm Leipzig Lub Tsev Muag Khoom, nrog rau Leipzig City Hall, nrog tus thawj coj ntawm lub nroog npaj thiab tib lub sijhawm tus thawj coj ntawm EEUF (Kev Sib Tw Zog Txuag Tebchaws Europe thiab Chaw Sib Tham ib puag ncig).
Thiab ua ntej - qee qhov tseeb txog nthuav dav polystyrene
1. With nthuav polystyrene – rau lub neej!
Hauv peb qhov kev pom zoo, nthuav dav polystyrene yog dawb "npaus npas".
Txhua tus poj niam ntsib nrog nthuav polystyrene yuav luag txhua hnub - thaum yuav khoom noj zaub mov ua ntej, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ntses thiab ntau dua: ntim - ntim khoom yog ua los ntawm nthuav polystyrene. Cov kws kho mob kuj "ntsib" nrog nthuav cov polystyrene txhua hnub: cov no yog tib lub ntim thiab ntim rau kev kho mob. Thiab thaum kawg, peb txhua tus noj thiab haus cov khoom sib txawv ntawm picnics los ntawm - qhov yog: cov khoom siv ntxuav khoom ua los ntawm Styrofoam.
2. Thiab nws muab tawm uas nthuav polystyrene – nws yog cov khoom zoo rwb thaiv tsev thermal. Nws yog 98% huab cua thiab siv nws cov thermal conductivity khaws thiab hloov tshav kub. 12 cm ntawm nthuav polystyrene rau kev tiv thaiv cua sov yog sib npaug rau 5,33 m ntawm cov pob zeb txhawb ntxiv.
3. Qhov kub ua kom zoo li cas thiab leej twg tuaj yeem lav peb kom tsis muaj teeb meem?
Ntawd yog qhov tseeb meej txog kev tsim cov tshuaj polystyrene: peb coj cov pob me me ntawm polystyrene, qhov loj me ntawm coarse lub rooj ntsev, sau nws nrog pentane (condensed ntuj roj uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg) thiab ua kom sov nws nrog chav. Muaj ntau qhov nce ntxiv (ua npuas ncauj), txhua lub pob zeb yog "inflated" los ntawm 20-50 zaug thiab nyob rau hauv cov cawv ntawm cov khoom noj kub ntim cov pob qij txhaws hloov pauv - tus neeg ua txhaum, tsim lub teeb thiab tshwj xeeb, muaj zog, compression-resistant cov khoom uas khaws nws lub cev lub zog. Thiab huab cua sab hauv tsuas yog lub tshuab cua sov. (Tab sis txhua yam no yog tsim raws li ISO thiab ua tau raws cov qauv nruj rau cov ecology ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab ecology ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tsim kho hauv cov tebchaws xws li Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Fabkis, Denmark, lwm lub tebchaws thiab tseem nyob hauv tebchaws Russia).
4. … thiab qhia rau peb paub ntau ntxiv txog ib puag ncig kev ua phooj ywg thiab tiv tshav kub
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nco ntsoov tias cov ntsiab lus styrene hauv cov khoom tiav tsuas yog 0.002 mg / m3, uas tsawg dua 1% ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tiav! Kev depolymerization ntawm styrene tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kub siab tshaj 320C, txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo li qub los ntawm -40C txog + 70C, styrene yuav tsis oxidize.
5. Dab tsi ua lawv muaj (hauv Tebchaws Europe) thiab peb muaj dab tsi (hauv tebchaws Lavxias)
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, ntawm lwm cov khoom siv thermal rwb thaiv tsev, nthuav cov polystyrene nyob rau hauv ib lub lag luam ntawm 26% (raws li Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Kho Mob). Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Fabkis thiab Ltalis yog cov thawj coj hauv kev noj mov ntawm kev nthuav dav polystyrene. Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais ntawm European Association Association hlauv la kev txhawb nqa PSE dans la kev tsim kho pom tias 8 ntawm 10 tus kheej lub tsev nyob hauv cov teb chaws Europe yog insulated nrog zoo ua npuas ncauj thiab pwm polystyrene. Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, qhov twg ib puag ncig kev ua phooj ywg thiab lub zog siv yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kho, qhov sib koom ntawm kev noj ntawm txhab polystyrene nce mus txog 4 kg toj ib tus neeg, thaum nyob hauv Lavxias nws tsis tseem ncav cuag 1 kg.
(… Vim li cas peb thiaj ntshai nws ntawm lub tsev tsim kho? Nws tsis tom:-)
6. Txuag lub zog thev naus laus zis hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg yam tsis muaj kev nthuav tawm polystyrene
Cov teeb meem ntawm kav ntev, noo noo tsis kam thiab ib puag ncig kev phooj ywg ntawm nthuav polystyrene, ntawm kev txhawj xeeb rau Lavxias teb sab kev tsim kho hauv zej zog, tsis hais ntxiv nyob hauv lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Nws yog los ntawm cov haujlwm no uas nthuav cov polystyrene yog suav tias yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev siv. Qhov qhia tawm ntawm nthuav polystyrene ntawm lwm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yog 28%. Kev kho kom zoo dua qub ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag lub tsev, uas tau muaj nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm xyoo 70, tau los ua qhov chaw tshuaj ntsuam zoo tshaj plaws rau kev nthuav dav polystyrene thiab tsis tau qhia tawm ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom tsis raug. Ntxiv mus, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim tsev tsuas tau zoo dua 40 xyoo, thiab kev tswj ntau lawm thiab eco-cov qauv rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev tsim kho tsuas yog dhau los ua stricter.
Qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm qhov no yog thaj chaw tshiab ntawm Leipzig nrog kev nthuav dav polystyrene facade rwb thaiv tsev, nrog rau cov lus pom ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas muaj kev zoo siab los qhia lawv qhov kev paub dhau los
7. Kev sib tham hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov tswv yim tsim: Mr. Schlosser, lub tuam txhab tus tswv thiab tus kws tshaj lij tsim nrog kev paub txog 30 xyoo
Lub tuam txhab kev tsim kho "Schlosserbau Ltd." feem ntau tsim cov tsev me lossis cov koom haum sib koom ua lag luam qis rau cov vaj tsev nyob thaj tsam ntawm Leipzig. Mr. Schlosser qhia ob lub tsev, lub thaiv hluav taws xob ntawm lub ntsej muag uas tau ua tiav siv cov tshuaj polystyrene txuas ntxiv.
Ntxiv mus, ib lub tsev tseem tab tom tsim kho - nyuam qhuav ua tiav lub ntsej muag ntxig nrog 160 hli nthuav dav polystyrene, thiab lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hauv paus thiab hauv qab daus yog ua tiav siv pwm tsim polystyrene ntawm lub zog ntxiv thiab ya raws tsis kam. Raws li tus tswv ntawm Schlosserbau lub tuam txhab, ib lub tsev insulated siv cov cuab yeej no hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees yog suav tias yog nyiaj txiag tau txiaj ntsig hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab, yog li ntawd, muag tau yooj yim txawm tias tus nqi pheej yig.
Thiab lub tsev thib ob, uas tau kho dua tshiab thaum xyoo 1992, muaj cov kua hluav taws xob nrog polystyrene txuas ntxiv rau cov faadeade, thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov plastered. Kuj ceeb tias, tsis yog ib qhov tawg pleb tau tshwm sim ntawm lub ntsej muag hauv 20 xyoo! Lub ru tsev saum nthab ntawm lub tsev no tseem tau rwb thaiv tsev nrog nthuav polystyrene.
8. Kev nthuav qhia ntawm kev nthuav dav polystyrene thiab kev sib tham ntawm Lub Chaw Muaj Peev Xwm ntawm Styrofoam ntawm Leipzig Chamber of Crafts: tus kws tshaj lij, tus kws pab tswv yim thiab tus kws tshaj lij, tus kws tshaj lij: Mr. Gert Schmidt
Kws tshaj lij ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Cov Ua npuas ncauj (ntawm Chaw rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb ntawm Chav Tsev Kev Lag Luam hauv Leipzig) Gert Schmidt ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv Cov Tsev Kawm Ntawv Kev Lag Luam tau hais tias xws li siv cov polystyrene rau sab nrauv kev rwb thaiv tsev (txog li 90%) tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov pom tseeb - rau German cov kws tshaj lij kev tsim kho - cov khoom siv tau txais txiaj ntsig: "Txawm hais tias qhov pib ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho, - piav qhia Mr. Schmidt, - tus nqi raug rov qab los rau thawj 10 xyoo." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub xeev tsis tsuas yog teev cov kev xav tau rau lub zog txuag ntawm kev tsim kho cov haujlwm (lub tuab ntawm nthuav cov polystyrene hauv ob peb lub xyoo dhau los tau loj hlob los ntawm 30 txog 160 cm), tab sis kuj tseem txhawb txoj kev qhia txog kev txuag hluav taws xob niaj hnub los ntawm qhia cov kab ke ntawm cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev pab cuam rau cov tsim tsa, cov tswv thiab cov neeg nyob tsev.
9. Hais txog kev npaj hauv nroog thiab hluav taws xob txoj cai nyob hauv Leipzig City Hall: Dr. Gerhard Reckzigel, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Npaj Haujlwm Hauv Nroog thiab Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm EEUF (European Energy Saving thiab Environment Forum)
Tawm tswv yim hais txog cov yam ntxwv ib puag ncig ntawm nthuav tawm polystyrene, Dr. Gerhard Reckzigel, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Npaj Haujlwm Hauv Lub Nroog thiab tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm EEUF (European Energy Conservation and Environment Forum) tau hais meej tias txawm tias "huab ntsuab" cov neeg tawm suab uas siv los txhawb rau kev siv cov organic thiab ntuj cov ntaub ntawv (ntaub plaub, quav nyab, cellulose, thiab lwm yam) paub txog tias, kev kho mob los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no muaj kev phom sij ntau thiab tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig zoo dua li kev tsim cov tshuaj polystyrene ua npuas. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, lawv qhov kev kav ntev thiab qhov phom sij ntawm kev kub nyhiab kuj tsis to taub zoo. Reckzigel tau hais tias "Lub tswv yim sib luag thiab qhov kev soj ntsuam zoo ntawm txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov zoo ua rau muaj kev txiav txim siab tias tam sim no tsis muaj lwm txoj hauv kev nthuav dav polystyrene hais txog qhov zoo thiab nqi," Dr.
Ntawm tus qauv loj ntawm Leipzig, Dr. Reckzigel qhia txog thaj chaw ntawm lub nroog, uas thaum xyoo 90s tau txais kev tu cev ntau thiab kev ua kom zoo nrog kev nthuav dav polystyrene thiab cov tsev tshiab ntawm 2000s, qhov twg rwb thaiv tsev nrog nthuav polystyrene tau suav nrog hauv cov dej num. Nyob hauv keeb kwm nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog, plaster facade tshuab nrog rwb thaiv tsev nrog nthuav polystyrene tau zoo siv qhov chaw uas nws tsis muaj kev txwv los ntawm cov kev mob txua dua tshiab ntawm cov vaj tse los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe ntawm UNESCO World Heritage Site. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm rov ua dua ntawm cov tsev zoo li no, txhua phab ntsa yog insulated nrog nthuav polystyrene, tshwj tsis yog rau pem hauv ntej.
Nws thiaj li tau tshwm sim tias nyob rau ib qho chaw twg rau Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tawm ntawm 7 tus neeg sau xov xwm muaj: 3 tus neeg sib tw ntawm sciences - technical thiab nyiaj txiag thiab ib tus kws tshawb fawb txuj ci. (qhov no yog li cas nws tshwm sim hauv post-perestroika Russia). Yog li ntawd, nws tau muab tawm tias "peb tus kheej" hauv Leipzig tau sib luag nrog cov kws tsim tsa thiab cov kws tshaj lij, ntuav lawv cov lus nug corrosive thiab sib sib zog nqus, thiab cov lus sib tham tau ua tiav lub hom phiaj thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
10. Tus Lwm Thawj editor-in-chief ntawm lub tsev tshaj tawm « COMPOSITE XXI caug xyoo » , tus neeg sib tw ntawm technical sciences Igor Kopylov:
“Kuv cov tswv yim hais txog polystyrene nthuav dav tsis tau hloov, tab sis lawv tau txais kev lees paub ntxiv. Nws yog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev thaiv hluav taws xob facade hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Raws li nws tau muab tawm, muaj ob qho laj thawj. Ua ntej: kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj polystyrene nthuav dav. Sai li cov neeg German tau ntseeg tias lawv muaj lub sijhawm los txuag txog 40% (li 40-60 Euro) ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 sq. m ntawm cov kab uas tsis muaj ntxig, tsis tas poob qhov zoo, kev nyab xeeb lossis lub caij nyoog ntawm lub kaw lus, nthuav cov polystyrene tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj qhov yuav luag. Rau tib qho laj thawj, hauv lub tebchaws koj yuav tsis yog yuav pom cov khoom cua hloov ntawm cov vaj tse: cov kab ke no suav tias kim heev rau kev teeb tsa loj thiab tsuas yog siv rau cov duab, cov chaw tsim kho vaj tsev. Qhov laj thawj thib ob yog lub zog txuag hluav taws xob ntawm nthuav dav polystyrene, uas tso cai rau cov nqi rwb thaiv tsev them tawm nyob rau hauv 10 xyoo"
11. Koom Tes Nrog Kws Qhia Ntawv MGSU, Lwm. editor-in-chief ntawm phau ntawv journal « Niaj hnub lub tsev » , Tus neeg sib tw ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Oleg Sanko:
Lub hom phiaj muaj zog ntawm cov neeg siv khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nthuav dav polystyrene tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntxiv hauv cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj uas ua raws li Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Ua ntej txhua yam, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom qes-qis (feem ntau feem ntau cuav) cov khoom tsis cuam tshuam tus duab ntxoov ntxoo rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim zaum kawg. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim hauv peb lub tebchaws.
Qhov thib ob lub ntsej muag uas xav tsis thoob Lavxias cov neeg tsim khoom mus rau qhov tsis ntseeg siab yog qhov yuav tsum muaj rau kev cob qhia kev ua haujlwm ntawm polystyrene nruab. Yuav kom tau txais daim ntawv tso cai daim ntawv pov thawj, ib tus tsim tsim yuav tsum ua tiav peb (3 xyoos) kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb. Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias nyob rau hauv cov kev siv thev naus laus zis qhov kawg ntawm kev rwb thaiv tsev nrog polystyrene yog ze rau qhov ua kom suav, thiab, yog li ntawd, zoo dua."
12. Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Koom Haum Koom Nrog Cov Khoom tsim thiab Cov Chaw Muag Khoom ntawm cov tshuaj polystyrene, Tus Neeg sib tw ntawm Economic Science Yuri Savkin:
"Kev ua tib zoo saib ntawm kev siv tej yam ntuj tso, nyiaj txiag, lub sijhawm thiab kev rau siab nyob rau hauv cov German yog qhov txaus siab. Lub teb chaws Yelemees raws li kev hloov chaw tsis tau xaiv los ntawm lub caij nyoog: nws tau nyob hauv lub tebchaws no tau nthuav dav polystyrene tau tsim, ntawm no nws cov khoom tau ua tib zoo kawm, thiab ntawm no nws siv ntau qhov chaw: tawm ntawm 500 lab sq. m tsau tshuaj txij thaum 60s. facades, txog 90% - insulated nrog nthuav polystyrene. Yog lawm, peb tab tom tham txog kev siv cov khoom ua tau zoo, cov khoom "kev cai lij choj". Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis zoo li tau hnov dua lwm tus polystyrene uas tau nthuav tawm.
Txawm hais txog "lub tsev ntsuab" cov neeg German muaj qhov txaus ntsig qhov tsis txaus ntseeg: tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib zog rau kev siv ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, yog tias lawv siv tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob tseem tsis tau. Hloov chaw, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau txhim kho ntxiv cov khoom lag luam uas muaj pov thawj zoo, txawm hais tias ntawm polymer keeb kwm.
Txoj kev zoo nkauj, tu cev zoo thiab xis nyob ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees ua rau tib neeg muaj kev cia siab thiab ntseeg kev ntseeg siab rau cov khoom siv hauv tsev uas xav tau nyob hauv lub tebchaws no."
Thiab thaum kawg, xov xwm zoo txog « anti-teebmeem » nthuav polystyrene rau lub tsev ua ke thiab vaj tse thiab kev pabcuam ntawm lub zej zog: Ua ib feem ntawm kev tsim cov kab thib ob rau kev nthuav dav polystyrene ntawm SIBUR-Khimprom cog hauv Perm, Thawj Tswj Hwm Dmitry Medvedev tau qhia tsoomfwv kom tsim cov kev mob rau kev nquag siv lub zog txuag txuag polystyrene hauv kev tsim kho kev lag luam thiab vaj tsev. thiab cov kev pabcuam sib txuas lus.
“Feem ntau peb ua rau txoj kev sov thiab them nyiaj tawm ntawm peb tus kheej hnab tshos. Nyob rau hauv Russia, 1 txhiab sq. m, cia kuv nco koj tias yuav luag 20 tons ntawm cov roj sib npaug tau noj, thiab hauv lwm lub tebchaws uas muaj huab cua zoo ib yam li Norway, Denmark, Finland, Sweden daim duab no yog, qhov tseeb, 2 lub sijhawm tsawg dua. Nov yog qhov ntsuas uas peb yuav tsum siv zog. Kev nthuav dav polystyrene yog qhov khoom muaj npe nrov ntawm cov lag luam hauv peb lub teb chaws, thiab tshwj xeeb hauv lwm lub teb chaws. Qhov tseeb, peb tseem yuav tsum siv nws, Medvedev hais. Kev tsim kho thiab vaj tsev thiab kev pabcuam hauv zej tsoom yog cov kev lag luam uas lub zog-txuag lub zog ntawm cov khoom no tuaj yeem ua rau pom tseeb. ».
Kev siv hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob zoo raws li nthuav cov polystyrene tuaj yeem txo cov nqi cua sov hauv tsev thiab txuag tau ib puag ncig
Tuam txhab uas muag - chaw tsim tshuaj paus muab cov tsim tsim vaj tsev thiab cov kws ua vaj tsev uas npaj-tsim kev daws teeb meem thev naus laus zis raws cov cua sov thiab lub zog txuag khoom ntawm nthuav cov polystyrene rau lub hnab ntawv thiab hauv tsev: lub hauv paus, ntsej muag, ntshav, thav duab vaj tsev, pua plag tsev, lus faib tawm.
Duab: Elena Sycheva. Igor Kopylov.
