Lub neej ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse loj tshaj plaws ntawm Asmeskas thib ob ntawm xyoo thib nees nkaum xyoo, Jim Torosyan, tau xaus.
Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kuv los sau txog nws yav dhau los kev ntxhov siab, peb txoj kev sib txuas lus tau ze heev txog rau qhov kawg: lub rooj sib tham zaum kawg yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm Lub Kaum Hli ntawm nws lub tsev, kuv lub xeem tau hu los ntawm Moscow yog nyob rau Hmo ua ntej ntawm neeg tuag taus tshuab.
Tus tsim ntawm tag nrho cov qauv nyob rau hauv architecture ntawm Armenian modernism, Jim Torosyan tau muaj txhua lub npe thiab cov khoom plig (Cov Neeg Ua Ntej Tus Kws Tsim Txiaj ntawm USSR, Tus Tuav Haujlwm ntawm USSR Academy of Arts thiab International Academy of Architecture, tau qhuas ntawm USSR thiab Armenia State. Cov khoom muaj nqi) thiab tib lub sijhawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, uas tsis tuaj yeem muab khoom plig lossis nqa mus, nws yog tus tswv ntawm lub architecture. …
Nws yog ib tug txiv neej uas tseem muaj tus kheej qhov kev coj zoo uas tuaj yeem hais tawm hauv lub sij hawm Renaissance dignitas - lub meej mom.
Nws txoj cai ua tus kws tshaj lij tsa ua lub meej mom ntawm kev tshaj lij. Tej zaum txawm tias petty detractors (tom qab tag nrho, tsis muaj ib tus yaj saub hauv nws lub tebchaws) tsis muaj kev sib cav tawm tsam qhov tseeb no. Qhov loj tau pom ntawm qhov deb - tseem tsis tau txog lub sijhawm, tab sis ntawm lub cev sib nrug: qhov chaw Jim Torosyan paub - mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Armenia hauv Georgia, hauv Moscow, hauv St. Petersburg, nws cov architecture thiab nws lub cev ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse aroused. kev qhuas.
Daim duab ntawm Jim Torosyan tsis muaj tseeb sawv ntawm ib qhov sib luag nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Armenian tseem ceeb ntawm xyoo pua 20th - Tamanyan, Alabyan, Israelian, Safaryan, uas nws tau xav txog nws cov kws qhia.
Tamanyan - raws li guru ntawm Armenian architecture, raws li kev qhia. Jim Torosyan yog tus tsim ntawm lub tsev nkaus xwb hauv Yerevan, uas tau ua, yog li yuav tsum tau hais lus, raws li cov behests ntawm tus kws tsim lub nroog. Kuv txhais tau lub nroog loj txoj kev tsim kho, Cascade, raws li Tamanyan lub tswv yim, qhib rau lub nroog, rau Ararat, rau Armenia. *
Nws tau kawm nrog Halabyan, Israelian thiab Safaryan ncaj qha. Nyob rau ntawm Alabyan's - hauv Moscow lub tsev kawm tiav, tau txais qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv xeev thiab pej xeem ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse. Israelian thiab Safaryan ua rau muaj kev nthuav tawm ntawm ob qho ntawm nws lub peev xwm ci ntsa iab - kev kos duab (hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "kos duab" - kev ua yeeb yam), kev tsim lub teb chaws cov ntawv thiab kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub xav.
Qhov kev tsim ntawm nws qhov kev tsim tau raug cuam tshuam los ntawm cov rooj sib tham nrog cov neeg tshaj lij hauv ntiaj teb I. V. Zholtovsky thiab Ludwig Mies van ua dawb Rohe. Ib xyoo ntawm nws lub neej hauv Ltalis tau muab qee yam uas tus kws kes duab vajtse Armenian feem ntau tsis txaus - nws qhov dav ntawm nws tus kws tshaj lij thiab kev xav.
Nyob rau txhua qhov kev sib txuam no ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, nws tus kheej txoj kev ntawm Armenian modernist tau tsim. Kuv yuav hu nws baroque modernism. Nco ntsoov txog dab tsi txawv Cascade, metro, lub nroog txoj kev, thiab lub tsev teev ntuj. **
Nws muaj lub qhov muag ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb muaj kev paub dhau los, paub qhov tseeb thiab paub qhov tsis tseeb (txawm tias nws xiam nws qhov tseeb, nws "pom" nrog qee yam sab hauv siab - Kuv tau pom qhov no ntau dua ib zaug) thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj. tus neeg ncaj lub peev xwm ntawm tus kws kos duab tes.
Jim Torosian yog ib tug zoo kawg nkaus hauv kev ua tau zoo, tshaj tawm txoj kev zoo nkauj nrog txhua tus qauv kos duab thiab txhua qhov kev txav ntawm nws cov duab kos duab. Tseeb tiag, nws dag kom ua kom zoo nkauj hauv ntiaj teb, Armenia. Kev zoo nkauj, qhov tseeb, yog rau nws qhov kev qhia ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm, nws qhov kev xav thiab nws feem. Nws tsis muaj qhov tsis tseem ceeb rau lwm tus lub tsev, yog tias koj tuaj yeem hu rau lawv - mus rau engineering kev daws teeb meem, ua haujlwm. Kuv tsis tau hnov dua los ntawm nws xam qhov tshwj xeeb. Hais txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev hauv nroog thiab hauv qhov chaw - yog! Saib rau Cascade, thiab kuv lub tswv yim yuav tsum meej. Nws ntseeg hais tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev tuaj yeem hloov lub sijhawm, nws yog zoo li cov txheej txheem ntuj ntawm lub neej ntawm lub tsev. Kuv tsis paub yog tias nws tsim lub tsev me lossis tsev apartment? Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, Kuv tsis paub txog kev tsim kho. Nws yog tsis txaus siab tshwj xeeb. Hais txog qhov chaw thiab sijhawm, nws muaj kev ntseeg siab.
Jim Torosyan tau taug txoj kev ntawm lub modernist nyob rau hauv kev sib txawv heev. Hauv qhov pib - kev coj ua ntawm kev ntseeg sab hnub poob. Tom qab ntawd - kev thov rov hais dua mus rau nws tus kheej, Armenian. Tej zaum, nws yog ib txwm muaj thiab thaum nws los txog kev nkag siab lub ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus thiab cov ntawv. Qhov no yog li cas Tamanyan tau ua, sib txuas cov chav kawm ua ke nrog cov neeg Armenian, hauv txoj kev no Halabyan, Kochar thiab Mazmanyan mus, txuas nrog Armenian avant-garde ntawm xyoo 1920, qhov no yog li cas Rafael Isrelyan taug kev los ntawm ntau theem ntawm architecture.
Hauv lub sijhawm thaum ntxov ntawm nws txoj haujlwm muaj tswv yim, nws tsim tau ib lub tsev apartment, *** uas dhau los ua nws lub ntsiab tsis tau. Lub tsev no, ua rau lub nroog npaj tsis raug, tib lub sijhawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab - hauv ntau lub nroog hauv ntiaj teb no xws li Corbusian "cov tsev nyob" tau tsim.
Cov iav minimalist façade, immaculately lined, tsaus muag ntawm thawj kov ntawm nws cov neeg. Nws yog qhov kev paub uas tau muab nws txav ntawm qhov kev hais lus ntawm cov kev tshaj lij. Tsis ntseeg nws txoj kev hu nws txawv, thiab nws tus kheej to taub qhov no.
Nws tsim cov vaj tse ntawm cov vaj tsev tshwj xeeb, monuments, steles, memorial plaques uas tau dai ntawm thaj chaw Armenian nrog cov loj loj thiab cov arabesques me me, nkag mus hauv cov nroog uas muaj neeg coob coob thiab kho siab kawg nyob hauv qhov chaw qhib. Lub architecture yog minimalist nyob rau hauv nws cov duab muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab tib lub sijhawm baroque nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv masterly tshawb nrhiav. Nws tawm tsam tsim kom tau ib lub tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm qhov chaw uas Armenia yuav pom zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tsev tshiab tam sim no tsis paub txog txhua qhov kev tsim vaj tsev ntawm Jim Torosyan - tus tsim ntawm ib qho ntawm cov tsis txawv ntawm lub teb chaws niaj hnub. Cov ntaub thaiv hlau tau ua nws txoj haujlwm - thoob ntiaj teb, suav nrog cov neeg ua haujlwm architectural, tau muab faib. Thiab txawm hais tias qhov kev ua haujlwm tam sim no tam sim no pom tseeb, cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv yog ib-ib tog - peb tsis tuaj yeem hais tawm ntau los ntawm peb.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj nws cov tuam tsev, nws lub tuam tsev, raws li lub ntiaj teb cov kws kes duab vajtse yuav tsum tau kawm txog tus tswv zoo uas nyob hauv lub teb chaws me me ntawm Armenia, uas nyob rau xyoo 2013, thaum nws muaj hnub nyoog 87, ua tiav nws lub tsev kawg hauv cov qauv ntawm Baroque modernism.
Lub Tsib Hlis tas los peb tau mus rau Echmiadzin nrog nws rau zaum kawg. Pawg ntseeg tau ua tiav. Kev tsim kho ntawm phab ntsa hauv kev nco txog cov txiv plig uas tau tsim txom kuj tau ua tiav. Qhov no, nws zoo li, tsis yog ib qho qauv tseem ceeb, Kuv nyiam nws. Nyob rau hauv lub phaj faib lub chaw uas zoo heev ntawm lub monastery thiab lub nroog, thiab nrog nws nqaim kawg qhia rau puag ncig puag ncig, ib qho tuaj yeem pom cov kws sau paj lug ntawm cov neeg tiam tam sim no. Lub ib uas yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsa Nalbandyan monument, **** nyob rau hauv lub terrace saum toj no Cascade. Thaum peb tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub monastery thiab tsav tsheb ncig ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm sab nraud, ncaj qha rov qab lub peaks ntawm Aragats sparkled. Ib yam dab tsi ua rau kuv tig ib ncig - los ntawm tom qab, nruj me ntsis raws txoj kab, tau sawv ntawm lub siab loj kawg ntawm Loj Ararat, xws li nws tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv Echmiadzin.
Karen Balyan, xibfwb, koom nrog International Academy ntawm Architecture (IAAM)
* Lub cascade "Armenia" ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nroog loj ntawm Yerevan tau tsim nrog kev sib koom tes nrog cov kws tsim qauv S. Gurzadyan thiab A. Mkhitaryan hauv 1980-2000.
** Co-sau phau ntawv ntawm J. Torosyan: Yerevan City Hall cov tsev (1980-2000) - koov. R. Martirosyan, I. Cholakhyan; chaw nres tsheb metro "Republic Square" hauv Yerevan (1981) - kws kes duab vajtse. M. Minasyan; cov ntseeg hauv Etchmiadzin (2013) - kws kes duab vajtse. E. Ohanyan.
*** Tus sau ntawv ntawm lub tsev nyob hauv Yerevan (1963) - kws kes duab vajtse. L. Gevorgyan
**** Monument txog cov kws sau paj lug M. Nalbandyan hauv Yerevan (1965), tus kws kos duab N. Nikoghosyan
