Cov phaj ntawm cov tsev nyob nyob tau ncab nruab nrab ntawm Lenin Street thiab txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau, ntawm cov nyom ntsuab, chav nres tsheb thiab cov tsev siab nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub nroog Dzerzhinsky ze ntawm Moscow. Txij ntawm no mus rau Moscow Txoj Kev Ring - ib thiab ib nrab mais rau sab qaum teb, thiab mus rau Nikolo-Ugreshsky Monastery, qhov qub, txawm tias rov tsim kho dua tshiab ntawm thaj chaw tag nrho - ob mais mus rau sab qab teb, ib nrab teev ntawm ko taw. Qhov chaw tshiab nyob hauv tsev muaj npe Ugreshsky.
Qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov tseeb, qhov tseeb, muaj ib lub tsev: ob chav tsev ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb hauv av rau 190 lub tsheb, lub txhab nyiaj hauv tuam txhab, cafes thiab khw muag khoom hauv qab daus, kaum xya hauv tsev nyob rau sab saum toj, chav tsev lag luam-chav tsev ntawm ib txog peb chav. Tus kws kes duab vajtse Andrei Asadov hais tias, “Nws tau dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm hauv nroog ib puag ncig vim nws loj,” tus kws kes duab vajtse Andrei Asadov hais. - Yog li no, Kuv xav kom nws meej thiab teeb tsa li qhov ua tau. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov sib xyaw tau hloov tawm mus ua ib lub tsev zoo-hloov chaw, muaj cov ntu ntawm ob ntu nrog semicircular bay qhov rais ntawm qhov xaus. Silhouette ntawm lub tsev kos pom kev so ntawm txoj kev tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog. Thiab cov ntsiab lus tau tsim nyob rau hauv txuas ntxiv ntawm lub tswv yim tseem ceeb, qhia pom ob-thooj qauv thiab kev hais qhia semicircular nyob rau hauv cov ces kaum."
Cov duab-shifter yog vim tias qhov ntim ntawm lub tsev tau tsim raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm txoj kev sib hloov, uas tus hlub los ntawm cov kws kes duab ntawm avant-garde ntawm xyoo 1920, thiab tom qab ntawd cov neo-constructivism ntawm xyoo 2000: ib feem ntawm nws (aka ntu) xav txog lwm yam, tab sis tsis nyob hauv daim iav, tab sis zoo li nws tau muab rau ntawm pob khawm. Xav txog qhov siv rab riam cuav nrog lub ntsej muag sib npaug, lub ntsej muag ntse ntawm cov uas tig mus rau sab qab teb, lwm qhov mus rau sab qaum teb, zoo li lub koob taw kev uas tau nyuam qhuav kiv, viav vias, thiab tam sim no - khov.
Los ntawm qhov kev xav txog lub zog, ib txoj lw tseem: qhov parabolic contours ntawm cov ntse "ntswg", zoo ib yam li cov kiv cua tshuab, taw qhia cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev sib hloov nres (xws li hauv lub hnub ci cim), uas tau khaws, nyob rau hauv, los ntawm cov paib ntawm faadeade tiv thaiv. Muaj ob qhov kev tiv thaiv: los ntawm sab ntawm Lenin Street lawv muaj qhov tseeb dua thiab los ntawm sab hauv lub tshav puam nws luv dua, lawv kuj ua raws cov kev sib hloov ntawm kev sib hloov, lawv tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ledges ntawm loggias kawg ntawm lub phaj, sib xws rau cov "ntswg" thiab kuj zoo ib yam. Cov kauj ruam sib haum rau kev koom ua ke ntawm cov ntu, uas yog lwm yam tsis tsim nyog, ntawm lwm yam, vim tias daim hlau nyob rau sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub tuaj tso yog me ntsis sib tshooj, zoo li yog xav kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cais ntawm lub tsev mus rau sab qaum teb thiab qab teb.
Kev hloov pauv ntawm daim hlau ntawm daim tawv thiab coj daim ntawv sau qhia yog xim los ntawm cov xim: tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag yog dawb nrog lub xim liab kawg, uas tau txhim kho lawv cov "kauj ruam rau tom ntej". Lub dav hlau nyob ze, nqis rov qab ib kauj ruam, yog, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, stitched nrog nquag liab kab rov tav tiv thaiv cov keeb kwm ntawm grey ntsug phab ntsa. Nws zoo li yog tias "daim tawv nqaij dawb" tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm ntawm ib feem ntawm lub tsev, pom cov qauv txaij ntawm cov "entrails", yuav luag ecorche. Nws txawm tias ua tau (nrog kev tshwj tseg ua ntej, ntawm chav kawm) nyeem cov ntawv zoo li no: cov khoob tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lub tsev dawb, txhuas lub tsev niaj hnub, thiab hauv qab txheej txheej avant-garde lub hauv paus ntawm txhua qhov niaj hnub architecture tau qhia Cov. Los yog zoo li qhov no: lub nroog yog cov khoom ntawm Dzerzhinsky txoj kev cov menyuam yaus lub nroog, ib lub nroog nroog, tab sis nws lub chaw tau txhim tsa tom qab kev ua tsov rog nrog kev saib taus thiab siab dua Stalinist tsev - lawv tau los ze rau hauv nroog lub nroog raws Lenin Street. Lub ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev "Ugreshsky" yuav luag pom txog cov txheej txheem ntawm "kev saib xyuas tshaj" ntawm avant-garde-communal lub tsev. Tag nrho cov no, ntawm chav kawm, yog tsis muaj dab tsi tshaj li kev xav, tab sis txij li thaum lawv tshwm sim, nws txhais tau tias lub tsev provokes lawv, uas txhais tau tias nws tsis khoob thiab tsis devoid ntawm lub tswv yim.
Lub sijhawm no, cov duab geometry ntawm lub tsev tseem yooj yim thiab huv, txawm hais tias nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau cov ntsiab lus, raws li tus kws kes duab vajtse tau lees paub saum toj no. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab rov tav tau hais meej los ntawm grey strokes ntawm qhov kawg "blades", uas nws cov kab yog cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov tsis tau npaj txhij txog - ntau dua qhov tseeb, ib qho kev ceeb toom: lub qhov liab liab zoo nrog rau 6 lub sam thiaj txiav mus rau hauv lub bosom, nws tsis zoo txav tshais qhov rai, cuam tshuam kev tsiv. Qhov no yog qhia meej rau lub ntsiab vantage kis, lub kaum sab xis uas qhib los ntawm qhov tig ntawm Lenin Street thiab saib hauv kev coj ntawm lub tsev teev hawm (tej zaum qhov no yog qhov "encrypt" liab "? Lub semantic ua si ntawm liab-dawb, ib txwm - avant-garde yog muaj tseeb nyob ntawm no, txawm hais tias tsis ua rau nws tus kheej). Lwm qhov chaw tawm: liab lub qhov rai liab hauv lub dav hlau dawb, cov duab plaub grey nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov rais, dua txhawb nqa kab rov tav, kev xaiv ntawm lub qhov rais thiab loggias, thiab thaum kawg, lub lace ntawm cov latticed me me tawg nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub fa withade nrog cov lus tsis txaus - qhov tsim nyog ua tiav.
Lub tsev tuaj yeem tuaj yeem muaj kev ntseeg siab rau tus qauv neo-constructivism, uas tau nrov hauv 2000s thiab txawm tias thaum 1990s. Pib ntawm qhov ncaj ncees, txawm tias qee qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, ntseeg tias avant-garde yog peb txhua yam, cov kws tsim qauv tshawb nrhiav kom rov ua nws txoj hauv paus ntsiab lus thiab cov tswv yim, saib lub ntiaj teb los ntawm nws lub qhov muag, lub sijhawm muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv kev rov ua dua ntawm qhov laj thawj ntawm hais tias lub zog, uas nws tus kheej tsis pom zoo ib qho kev ua phem. … Txawm li cas los xij, neoconstructivism tseem yog ib qho kev nyiam, kev ncaj ncees thiab lub siab nyiam kom rov hais dua rau cov hauv paus hniav; nws tau muab nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, feem ntau cim los ntawm kev sau tseg ntawm kev xav zoo, ob qho me me thiab loj. Ib qho yuav tsum xav tias nws yuav ncaj ncees los lees paub lub tsev nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug raws li me ntsis belated, tab sis paub tab piv txwv ntawm neoconstructivism: symmetry ntawm kev sib hloov, lub qhov ntswg ntse, qhov pib ntawm txoj kab ntawm kab rov tav, kev ua si me me ntawm kev ua yeeb yam me me, zoo nkauj nteg tawm ntawm tus ncej ntawm cov duab yooj yim, thiab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, daim ntawv tshaj tawm xim liab thiab xim dawb, - tag nrho nws yog ib qho kev paub txog txheej txheem ntawm cov qauv vaj tse ntawm lub twenties. Kev ua kom zoo siab txog kev sib dhos txhawm rau rov ua dua daim ntawv, muaj kev ua kom zoo nkauj, balconies neeg txawv teb chaws kom collectivism (nrog rau 17-storey nplai thiab cov khoom siv ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kho kom zoo nkauj: monolithic thav duab, txhuas vaj huam sib luag) - zwm rau peb lub sijhawm thiab prefix "neo" Cov.
Lub tsev tseem muaj ib qho ntau qab ntxiag zoo uas nws txawv dhau ntawm lub moj khaum ntawm tiam no, xyoo 2010, zoo heev yooj yim - nws tsuas yog lub tsev. Tom qab xyoo 2010, kev tsim kho vaj tse tau tsim tawm txawv ntawm cov tsev lawv tus kheej, txav mus rau macro scale: cov phiaj xwm dav dav, cov zos thiab cov cheeb tsam; thiab micro: toj roob hauv pes, chaw ua si thiab plaub fab. Tag nrho cov no yog thaj chaw tseem ceeb, tab sis nws yooj yim pom tias muaj ntau haiv neeg ntawm thaj chaw ib puag ncig hauv nroog, ntxiv rau cov qauv ntawm cov kev ua si hauv kev, tseem tsim los ntawm cov tsev, qhov kev xav ntawm lawv cov ntau, cov ntsiab lus, kev ntxhib los mos thiab xim. Sai li cov kws kes duab vaj tsev yog cuam tshuam los ntawm lawv, cov tsev tau rov los dua los ntawm cov qauv kev tsim kho, uas yog twb pheej yig dua thiab ubiquitous. Thiab qee zaum nws zoo nkauj heev kom pom lub tsev ua tib zoo xav los ntawm ib tus kws kes duab vajtse. Tsuas yog ib lub tsev.
