- Qhia peb txog koj qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv Moscow Architectural Institute.
- MARCHI rau kuv yog ib zaj dab neeg ntawm kev hlub thiab kev ntxub tib lub sijhawm. Kev nkag mus yog qhov nyuaj thiab ntev, kev cob qhia rau rau xyoo tom ntej yog qhov nyuaj dua, pw tsis tsaug zog thiab ntshai ntxiv, tab sis cov npe ntawm "markhishnik" tau tsim nyog. Kuv kawm tiav bachelor's degree hauv chav haujlwm ntawm kev tsim qauv ntawm cov tsev nyob thiab pej xeem huab hwm, txij ntawd los kuv tau khiav tawm ntawm kev hu mus rau kuv lub siab mus rau chav tuam tsev tswj nroog, uas kuv kawm tiav xyoo 2013. Hauv kuv lub xyoo kawm tiav, Kuv tau ua haujlwm ib nrab hnub nyob rau ntawm Lub Chaw Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Qhov Phiaj Xwm General ntawm Moscow.
Thawj plaub xyoos Kuv tsis muaj hmoo heev nrog cov kws qhia ntawm txoj haujlwm, tsis muaj chaw rau kev muaj tswv yim, muaj cov lus tsis zoo rau feem ntau ntawm cov duab kos, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv kuv pawg feem ntau ua tib hom, cov haujlwm zoo sib xws. Nyob rau ntawm Feem Tsav Xwm Kev Npaj Haujlwm Hauv Nroog, Kuv tau mus kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv A. A. Malinov, qhov twg nws tus cwj pwm zoo thiab txaus siab pab kuv kom nyiam qhov project thiab tsis ntshai qhia kuv cov tswv yim.
Feem ntau, nws tau nthuav dav rau kuv tau kawm nyob rau hauv Moscow Architectural Institute, xws li kev kawm ua rau pom kev ua tau zoo, txawm tias kuv xav tias "tsis muaj" nyob rau qee cov haujlwm tshaj lij, tshwj xeeb hauv cov haujlwm.
Koj tau txais lub tswv yim li cas mus kawm ntawv txawv teb chaws, thiab qhov twg yog qhov pib rau kev xaiv ntawm lub teb chaws koj mus - Tebchaws Netherlands?
- Thawj thawj zaug, lub tswv yim mus kawm ntawv lossis nyob txawv teb chaws tuaj rau kuv lub caij ntuj sov tom qab xyoo thib peb, thaum kuv mus so nrog ib tus phooj ywg hauv Ltalis. Kuv xav paub vim li cas thiab ua li cas tib neeg tsim tsev thiab nroog ntawm no. Txawm lub sijhawm ntawd los, kuv tau xav paub txog cov teeb meem hauv nroog kev npaj: kev txav mus los ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog, xis nyob hauv nroog uas ua rau lub nroog zoo rau lub neej. Twb tau nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo thib tsib, Kuv pib nrhiav tswv nyob rau hauv kev kawm hauv nroog hauv Tebchaws Europe.
Kuv qhov kev xaiv tau poob rau lub Netherlands rau ob lub ntsiab. Kuv tau nyiam rau Dutch txoj kev npaj hauv nroog loj, lawv lub peev xwm los tau ntau tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw me me uas lawv muaj, thiab tsim kom muaj lub nroog zoo rau lub neej. Kuv feem ntau saib cov phiaj xwm rau cov nroog Dutch hauv Google Earth thiab coj lawv ua piv txwv rau cov phiaj xwm kev kawm. Thiab qhov thib ob, Kuv poob rau kev hlub nrog ib tus neeg Dutchman. Tom qab ntawd, nws tsuas yog xaiv tuam tsev kawm.
Cov kev kawm hauv cov kev tshawb fawb hauv nroog uas ntxim nyiam rau kuv yog nyob ntawm ob lub tsev kawm txuj ci: Delft thiab Eindhoven, thiab kev cob qhia nyob ntawd, thiab muaj ua lus Askiv. Kuv thov rau tsev kawm qib siab ob zaug thiab tau nkag mus rau ob qho tib si. Kuv txiav txim siab mus rau Eindhoven mus kawm txog qhov tseeb, kev khwv nyiaj txiag: los thov vixaj, lawv tsuas yog them cov nqi kawm ntawv xwb, thaum Delft tau thov cov nyiaj no ntxiv rau lwm qhov nyiaj 10,000 euros - raws li "kev lees paub" ntawm cov nyiaj uas tus menyuam kawm nyob tag nrho xyoo kawm. Lub sijhawm ntawd, nws yooj yim dua rau kuv them nyiaj rau ib xyoo ntawm kev kawm, thiab tom qab ntawd cuam tshuam nrog cov nyiaj rau lwm yam kev xav tau. Ib qho ntxiv, Lub Tsev Kawm ntawm University of Eindhoven tau cog lus rau hauv lub vev xaib tias lawv muab nyiaj qiv rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog kev pab tom ntej hauv kev nrhiav haujlwm. Hmoov tsis zoo, thaum kuv tau txais kev cuv npe tshwj xeeb nyob rau ntawd, nws tau muab tawm tias lawv tsis tau muab qiv nyiaj ntxiv.
Koj muaj kev cov nyom dab tsi thaum ua cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm mus?
- Tsev kawm qib siab nws tus kheej lis kuv qhov vixaj. Cov neeg Dutch muaj cov neeg sib sau ua ke, yog li txhua yam yooj yim heev. Txhua yam kuv yuav tsum tau ua yog them nyiaj rau ib xyoo ntawm kev kawm thiab tseem them nyiaj txog 300 daus las rau qhov vixaj, xa ib daim ntawv theej ntawm kuv phau ntawv hla tebchaws thiab ob peb daim sau cov lus nug yooj yim hauv DHL. Ob lub asthiv tom qab kuv tau txais tsab ntawv los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab uas kuv tuaj yeem tuaj nqa kuv qhov vixaj ntawm Dutch Xab Tham Thuj hauv Moscow. Thaum kuv ya mus rau lub Yim Hli, peb lub lis piam ua ntej pib kuv kev kawm, mus rau Netherlands, lub tsev kawm ntawv tau muab lub sijhawm ua tiav: thaum twg thiab qhov twg tuaj rau daim npav tub ntxhais kawm, ntawv txais nyiaj hauv tuam txhab nyiaj, mus rau lub nroog rau kev sau npe, mus rau chaw kho mob rau kev xeem rau tus kab mob ntsws thiab thaum kawg, kom tsev kawm ntawv muaj daim ntawv pom zoo nyob. Yog tsis muaj teeb meem, ib lub lis piam ua ntej pib cov chav kawm Kuv tau daim ntawv tso cai nyob rau 2.5 xyoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog tsib hnub ua ntej tawm hauv teb chaws Russia, Kuv pom tau tias kuv xav tau tsis yog ib daim ntawv txhais lus tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj hnub yug, tab sis daim ntawv pov thawj kev cai yug me nyuam, uas yog, nrog cov cim cuav. Kuv yuav tsum khiav mus rau lub koom haum, them nyiaj ntau rau qhov ceev thiab txhawj me ntsis. Txawm li cas los xij yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshawb nrhiav cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, qhia meej cov ntsiab lus hauv chav haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm: lawv teb sai.
Txoj kev yoog raws hauv lub teb chaws tshiab tau hloov li cas?
- Nws yooj yim heev kom hloov tau. Lub tsev kawm ntawv pab nrog ntawv vixaj, txhab nyiaj, tsev nyob. Lub lim tiam thib ob ntawm Lub Yim Hli yog lub lim tiam pib qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm txawv teb chaws, ntau tus ntawm lawv tau paub txog txhua tus muaj. Lub lim tiam tom ntej yog ib lub lim tiam pib qhia rau txhua tus neeg tuaj tshiab, uas yog, cov tub ntxhais kawm txawv teb chaws thiab thawj xyoo Dutch cov tub ntxhais kawm uas tau nkag mus rau qhov khoos kas no. Nws yog lub sijhawm lom zem thiab lub lim tiam tag nrho ntawm kev sib tw, kev ua kis las, thiab kev lom zem hmo ntuj. Qhov no yog lub lim tiam thaum koj kawm paub haus dej haus hauv npias Dutch, uas yog, pheej yig tshaj thiab ntau yam, thiab seev cev rau cov nkauj nkauj ntawm cov phooj ywg nyiam. Txawm tias cov neeg tua hluav taws tuaj rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv muab dej rau cov tub ntxhais kawm nrog lub phuam - rau kom lom zem ntawm nws.
Lub ntsiab nyuaj yog tsev nyob. Thaum koj tuaj txog, koj yuav tsum paub meej koj yuav nyob qhov twg, tab sis kev nrhiav tsev nyob thaum koj tseem nyob hauv koj lub teb chaws yog qhov nyuaj heev. Lub tsev kawm ntawv pabcuam los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm lub koomhaum nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm tshiab. Hauv txoj kev xav, qhov no yooj yim, hauv kev xyaum - Kuv tau pov tseg ob peb txoj kev xaiv, qhov twg tsuas yog thaj chaw ntawm tsev, nqi thiab chaw nyob tau qhia, tsis muaj duab thiab cov ncauj lus tshwj xeeb. Kuv muaj hmoo losyog muaj hmoo dua: lub tsev nyuam qhuav nyuam qhuav kho tshiab, thiab tau huv huv sab hauv. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tus nqi tau yog ib puas euros siab dua li qhov nruab nrab rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no, thiab hauv kev sib cog lus nws tau tsiv tawm mus tsuas yog tom qab rau lub hlis. Tau ob xyoos kuv tau nyob hauv ob qhov chaw sib txawv: cov no yog cov tub ntxhais kawm lub tsev, qhov chaw koj xauj chav thiab sib qhia chav ua mov, chav dej thiab chav dej nrog lwm tus tub ntxhais kawm. Kuv muaj hmoo, kuv cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig ib txwm tsib leeg: kev tsim nyog ntawm lub tsev kawm txuj ci no.
Nws tsis yooj yim kom nrhiav tau cov vaj tsev zoo: los ntawm ib lub koom haum koj them tshaj, dhau los ntawm Facebook nws nyuaj, ntev, nkag tsis tau, nws txhua tus yog nyob ntawm hmoov. Tseem muaj qhov chaw tshwj xeeb Kamernet, uas cov neeg xauj lawv tus kheej tau tshaj tawm tias chav tsev tawm mus. Txij li thaum qhov kev thov yog loj heev, cov Dutch npaj kijkavond, "tus nkauj nyab". Cov neeg xauj-tsev tuaj yeem tuaj txog thiab qhia seb lawv yuav txias npaum licas rau "qub sijhawm". Yog li koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov kev xaiv pheej yig heev, tab sis cov Dutch tsis nyiam cov neeg txawv teb chaws heev. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias koj nyob nrog Dutch, lawv yuav tsis kam hais lus Askiv txhua lub sijhawm.
Hauv Holland, cuaj caum feem pua ntawm cov neeg hais lus Askiv zoo: hauv tsev kawm ntawv, khw, tsoomfwv cov koomhaum, txhua tus yuav hais lus Askiv rau koj. Qhov no pab txhawb kev ua kom yooj yim. Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog vim li cas thiaj li muaj neeg coob tus qhua ntau dhau kev tub nkeeg mus kawm Dutch. Kuv pib kawm Dutch rov qab hauv Moscow. Qhov no yog deb ntawm cov lus zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, nws muaj ntau yam nrog rau lus Askiv, cov qauv sau ntawv tsis yooj yim heev, tab sis nws lub suab sib txawv heev ntawm Lavxias, yog li nws tseem nyuaj rau kuv, tom qab plaub xyoos ntawm kev kawm, kom nkag siab nws los ntawm pob ntseg. Kuv ntseeg tias nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kawm cov lus ntawm lub tebchaws uas koj nyob. Ua ntej, cov neeg hauv zos tsis tuaj yeem hais lus Dutch rau koj, Askiv yooj yim rau lawv, tab sis lawv yuav hwm koj ntau. Qhov ob, tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj uas xa tuaj los ntawm lub nroog, chaw ua haujlwm se, chaw ua haujlwm nkag tebchaws yog hauv Dutch. Qhov thib peb, kawm ib hom lus pab koj nkag siab txog lub hlwb thiab kab lis kev cai. Thiab ntawm qhov tseeb, nws pab hauv kev kawm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Peb tau ua qhov project rau lub nroog thiab thaj chaw hauv Holland, thiab tag nrho cov phiaj xwm tswv yim, daim duab qhia chaw thiab qauv txheej txheem, cov tswv yim txhim kho, thiab lwm yam nyob hauv Dutch. Yuav ua li cas tus neeg hauv nroog pib tsim qauv yam tsis muaj kev soj ntsuam tob ntawm thaj chaw? Qhov no txhais tau tias ib tus yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tsawg kawg ib puag ncig nkag siab txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawd. Tam sim no kuv ua haujlwm thiab kuv nkag siab tias yog tias koj tsis paub Dutch, ces koj yuav raug muab tsis ntau tshaj 50% ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
Ib feem zoo ntawm lub neej nyob hauv Netherlands yog kev caij tsheb kauj vab. Txhua qhov xwm txheej rau cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab yog tsim ntawm no. Lub neej tsis zoo yog tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb. Thiab qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas, nrog ntau cov mov ci rau pluas tshais thiab pluas su, qos yaj ywm rau noj hmo, thiab lwm yam, nws tsis tshua pom cov neeg rog heev ntawm no.
Cov Dutch muaj kev xav ntau dua dhau los. Lub ntsiab lus dab neeg hais tias cov Dutch tau zoo phooj ywg thiab qhib, dissipates hauv ib hlis thiab ib nrab. Qhov tseeb, lawv tsuas yog paub cai thiab nyiam phooj ywg hauv kev sib tham. Tom qab ntawd lawv muab tso rau "thaiv" los ntawm kev uas ob peb yuav tawg. Tau ob xyoos ntawm kev kawm, kuv tau los ua phooj ywg nrog tsuas yog Dutch poj niam, tus ntawd yog tus neeg Suav los ntawm keeb kwm, qhov teeb meem no tau nrog ntau ntawm kuv cov phooj ywg txawv teb chaws. Cov tub ntxhais kawm Dutch tau muaj cov phooj ywg, thiab lawv tsis xav tau ntxiv lawm. Kuv pom qhov tshwj xeeb no tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg Dutch uas nyob "hla tus dej", uas yog, nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm North Brabant (qhov chaw Eindhoven nyob) thiab hauv Limburg. Lawv zoo siab rau lawv thaj av thiab tsis nyiam Amsterdam thiab Ranstad (Rotterdam, The Hague), zoo li lawv luag rau lawv lub luag haujlwm. Hauv cov nroog loj xws li Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague thiab Utrecht, cov neeg muaj ntau tus ntsuj plig.
Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm Dutch yog lawv lub koom haum. Coob leej neeg nqa khoom noj ntim nrog lawv, qhov twg txhua yam npaj tawm ntawm peb lossis plaub lub lis piam ua ntej. Mus tshwm sim tom qab lawb ntawv mus rau tom tsev noj mov, mus saib lossis saib mauv vim? Qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo rau cov neeg Dutch feem ntau: spontaneity scares lawv.
Cov ris tsho sib txawv qhia qhov txawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm Moscow los ntawm Dutch. Hauv Holland, tsis muaj leej twg ntsib "los ntawm cov khaub ncaws". Kuv yuav hais qhov no qhib thiab ncaj ncees: Cov Dutch tsis paub dab tsi txog kev ua kom zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj thiab originality hauv cov khaub ncaws. Lawv hnav zoo nkauj pheej yig hauv tib lub khw muag khoom. Cov no feem ntau yog cov ris luv, xis khau khau thiab T-shirts - rau ob tus ntxhais thiab tub. Qhov loj tshaj plaws rau lawv yog kev nplij siab. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ib tug kawm qib ib thiab tub ntxhais kawm tiav. Hauv MARCHI, nrog rau kev saj khoom ua qauv, nws tus kheej tus kheej hom khaub ncaws tsim. Yog hais tias thawj xyoo markhish cov tub ntxhais kawm saib tsis zoo thiab txaus luag, ces cov neeg laus cov poj niam loj tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm daim npog ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm zam. Thiab kuv xav tias nws txias thaum tus neeg ua lub luag haujlwm rau kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub nroog zoo li stylish thiab qub. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv Dutch nws qee zaum kuj txawv heev rau kuv hnav txoj kev uas kuv tau siv rau hauv Moscow: cov ris tsho, khau, plev, blouses.
Tab sis cov Dutch muaj lawv sab zoo: lawv tsis tau qhib kev rau txim rau tib neeg, lawv cov tswv yim, npau suav. Lawv tsis xav nyob hauv kev coj cwj pwm. Tab sis qhov kuv nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog tias lawv yuav tsis qw koj, hais lus saib tsis taus lossis thuam koj. Lawv sib hwm sib hwm thiab paub tswj yus lub siab. Dab tsi kuv yuav tsum mloog nyob rau hauv Moscow - nyob rau hauv tus thawj coj chaw haujlwm ntawm Moscow Architectural Institute, queues ntawm qhov chaw kho mob, thaum caij tsheb npav, thiab lwm yam - yog kiag li tsis yooj yim sua xav hauv Netherlands. Thiab yog qhov zoo heev.
Qhia peb txog koj qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv Eindhoven
- Kuv tus tswv lub hom phiaj tsim rau ob xyoos. Nyob rau thawj xyoo, cov tub ntxhais kawm ua ob txoj haujlwm thiab kawm lwm txoj kev kawm ntxiv nrog rau cov chav xaiv kawm. Xyoo ob tau mob siab rau txoj haujlwm tiav. Cov tub ntxhais kawm lawv tus kheej xaiv yam kev kawm twg uas lawv xav mus kawm thiab ua haujlwm thaum lub semester. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem kawm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw so thiab txuas ntxiv koj txoj kev kawm peb xyoos. Raws li nyob rau hauv lwm cov tebchaws European, ntawm no lawv tau txais "khab nias", thiaj li hu ua ECT. Yuav kom kawm tiav qib Master, koj yuav tsum sau 120 tus qhab nia. Nyob rau hauv Netherlands, ib daim credit yog sib npaug ntawm 28 teev ntawm kev ua haujlwm, uas tsis suav nrog cov lus qhuab qhia, tab sis lub sijhawm uas cov tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv kev kawm tshwj xeeb, uas yog, sau cov ntawv siv sij hawm, npaj kev nthuav qhia, kev kawm tus kheej lossis npaj rau ib qho. xeem. Tau kawg, tsis muaj leej twg yuav suav cov sijhawm teev meej, tab sis thaum koj xaiv cov chav kawm los ntawm daim ntawv teev, nws yog tam sim ntawd meej qhov nyuaj yuav raug lub ntsiab lus.
Muaj ntau pab pawg ua haujlwm. Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas qee zaum qee zaum ua haujlwm hauv pab pawg, qhov kev kawm no zoo li kuv tseem ceeb heev, ze rau lub neej tiag tiag. Pom kev cog lus yog Dutch lub zog. Nyob rau hauv Moscow Architectural Institute peb tau kawm ua txhua yam ntawm peb tus kheej, tab sis ntawm no peb yuav tsum txiav txim siab seb leej twg yog lub luag haujlwm rau dab tsi, txiav txim siab, ua raws li lub sijhawm lub sijhawm, hwm lwm tus neeg lub sijhawm thiab nkag siab txog qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm txhua tus neeg tuaj koom. Hauv kev koom tes, kev paub txog kev sib pauv, nws tseem zoo dua yog hais tias pab pawg muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm txawv teb chaws. Txhua tus muaj lawv tus kheej txoj kev ua haujlwm, qhov no tsis ua rau txoj haujlwm yooj yim dua, tab sis peb qhia peb qhov kev paub dhau los thiab kev pab yog tias ib tug neeg tsis paub dab tsi. Yog kawg, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm hu sai sai rau cov neeg uas yog rau hauv koj pab neeg lossis tsis tau nkag mus rau hauv pab pawg uas muaj cov phooj ywg hauv kev sib koom tes.
Cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov kws qhia ntawv mob siab kawm lawv qhov kev tshawb fawb tiag tiag. Nws yog kiag li tsis lees txais yuav lig rau kev qhuab qhia thiab kev sab laj. Txawm tias lig rau kev sib ntsib nrog lwm cov tub ntxhais kawm tab sis poob siab. Tag nrho cov hnub tim rau kev xa cov dej num thiab cov ntawv xeem raug sib tham hauv kev pib hais lus qhuab qhia. Twb tau nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli xyoo thib ob ntawm kev kawm, Kuv paub thaum twg kuv yuav muaj kev nthuav qhia ntawm kuv qhov kev kawm tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho lub koom haum ntawm kev sib tham, nthuav tawm, tshwj tseg ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib nrog lub projector yog ua los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm lawv tus kheej. Cov kev sab laj txog cov haujlwm yuav tsum ua raws li tau teem tseg ua ntej - tus tub ntxhais kawm twg yog tus sab laj lub sijhawm twg. Kuj ceeb tias, kev sib tham ntawm txoj haujlwm ntev li 15 feeb, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm 15 feeb no cov kws qhia yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau heev thiab muaj lus nug ntau uas nws yuav twv yuav raug hu kom txog thaum kev sib tham tom ntej. Cov Dutch muaj nuj nqis rau lawv lub sijhawm thiab tsis nyiam tham txog.
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven thaj chaw muaj txhua yam kev qhia rau kev kawm. Lub tsev ntawm cov kws txuj ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse yog, ua ntej txhua yam, lub tsev rau cov tub ntxhais kawm. Ntawm theem ob mus rau thib rau, muaj chav loj uas muaj lub qhov rooj panoramic, qhov chaw muaj cov ntxhuav, uas cov hlua txuas nrog: cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm nyob ntawd, qee qhov ua haujlwm ib leeg, qee qhov hauv ib pab. Muaj cov txee thiab cov xauv, Wi-nkaus yog nrawm thiab dawb. Muaj cov luam ntawv ntawm txhua thib ob: luam ntawv tsis pub dawb, tab sis pheej yig heev, 15 Euro rau rau hlis yog txaus rau kuv tuaj rau kev sib tham txhua lub lim tiam nrog ib pawg ntawm A3 nplooj ntawv ntawm cov xim luam ntawv. Nyob rau hauv av hauv av muaj qhov qauv ua qauv siv: txhua yam ntawm cov cav tov, pleev xim rau, riam, cov khoom siv pheej yig heev. Ob peb xyoos dhau los lub tsev qiv ntawv sib koom tau tsim nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Lub tsev tau tig los ua ntau qhov chaw siab thiab muaj lub siab xav, nws tau txais qhov khoom plig hu ua National Architecture Award. Koj tuaj yeem nqa cov phau ntawv los tsev, thiab koj tuaj yeem xaj phau ntawv xav tau, yog tias tsis muaj, los ntawm lwm lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv Netherlands. Cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj ntawm no tuaj kawm thiab tuaj yeem zaum txhua hnub kom txog thaum 23:00. Kuj tseem muaj cov khoos phis tawj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, koj tuaj yeem tseg chav ua haujlwm hauv qhov ntsiag to lossis nrog cov phooj ywg hauv chav kawm. Kuv tau siv tag nrho lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2015 hauv chav qiv ntawv thaum kuv tseem sau kuv daim diploma.
Feem ntau, thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kev Kawm Txuj Ci ntawm Eindhoven yog qhov chaw txaus siab thiab zoo nkauj tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub nroog no. Lub nroog nws tus kheej yog qhov thib tsib neeg nyob hauv lub tebchaws, tab sis nws zoo li lub zos loj dua. Nws loj hlob mus rau hauv ib lub nroog hauv tsuas yog ib puas xyoo, tom qab qhib ntawm Philips Hoobkas nyob ntawd. Nws tsis zoo nkauj heev, tsis muaj cov kwj dej thiab qhov chaw tsis zoo, tab sis nws loj hlob, ntau lub tuam txhab tshiab tau ua haujlwm, yog li Eindhoven ua lub npe ntawm lub hlwb. Rau cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog, qhov no yog qhov piv txwv ntawm qhov lawv sim ua kom lub nroog muaj kev txaus siab ua neej nyob, ua haujlwm thiab kawm, thiab yuav ua li cas cov tswv yim nrov ntawm kev tsim ua tshiab Philips cov chaw ua haujlwm rau cov kev lag luam tshiab thiab kev pib tsis tau yog li muaj kev vam meej.
Sib piv koj cov kev kawm hauv Netherlands thiab hauv Moscow Architectural Institute
- Thawj xyoo kuv tau txaus siab rau txoj kev kawm tshiab thiab thaj chaw ntawm nws tus kheej. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, koj pom qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kawm. Qhov no yog kev paub txog kev niaj hnub thiab tob tob kev soj ntsuam txog cov teeb meem yav tom ntej, kev siv sijhawm kawm ntawv zoo. Lawv kawm ntawm no tsis yog rau kev xav "crust", tab sis rau qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev paub. Ntawm no kuv kawm qhov kev tshawb nrhiav tiag tiag yog li cas thiab yuav ua li cas tsim cov lus nug thiab vib this. Hauv kev npaj hauv nroog, lawv qhia txog kev daws teeb meem los ntawm txhua sab, thiab tsawg kawg ntawm txhua qhov no yog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj. Txhua cov phiaj xwm qhov project yuav tsum teb cov lus nug: qhov twg? Dab tsi rau? Leej twg them? Rau leej twg? Thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas? Kev tsim qauv yog twb tau kawg theem, qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg Dutch yog lub tswv yim, lub tswvyim.
Tsis zoo li Moscow Architectural Institute, uas txhua hnub 3-4 khub ntawm lus qhuab qhia thiab rooj sib tham, ntawm no kuv cov sijhawm saib zoo li so: tsis pub ntau tshaj peb khub ib hnub, feem ntau yog ob khub, thaum ob hnub kawm ntawv ib asthiv yuav khoob txhua. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog ib puag ncig dawb, piv txwv li, tab sis lub sijhawm rau kev kawm ywj siab thiab kev sib ntsib nrog pawg kawm: cov tub ntxhais kawm tuaj rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv nrog khoos phis tawm thiab zaum ib hnub nyob hauv tsev saib ntawv. Lub tsev kawm ntawv qib siab tshaj plaws kev kawm tshaj lij (hauv tebchaws Netherlands tseem muaj HBO thiab MBO, uas tuaj yeem sib piv nrog peb cov tsev kawm qib siab), yog li ntawd, tau xav tias tus tub ntxhais kawm yuav tsum muaj peev xwm kawm ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab tus xibfwb tsuas yog. coj nws thiab qhia tswv yim phau ntawv kom zoo, tab sis tsis txhob zom txhua yam khoom siv.
Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kuv hauv kuv qhov kev tshawb fawb thiab dav dav hauv lub neej hauv Holland yog kev hwm ntawm tib neeg rau ib leeg - tsis hais poj niam txiv neej, kev tshaj lij, kev ua neej. Cov kws qhia ntawv hwm cov tub ntxhais kawm, tsis yws lawv, tsis txhob hais cov lus tsis zoo txog txoj haujlwm, hwm cov tub ntxhais kawm lub sijhawm thiab feem ntau yog qhov zoo heev rau kev sib txuas lus. Nyuam qhuav pib kuv nyeem tias Dutch tau txawv los ntawm lawv cov kev ncaj, uas tuaj yeem ua txhaum. Tab sis lawv tsis paub dab tsi txog qhov ncaj ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv taug kev, uas, ob peb hnub ua ntej xa khoom tuaj yeem saib daim ntawv pov thawj thiab hais tias nws yog "quav". Cov kws qhia tswj tebchaws Dutch yuav tawm tswv yim tias qhov no yuav tsis yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis cov kev xaiv ib txwm nyob ntawm tus tub ntxhais.
Kev xeem nyob rau hauv Netherlands nyuaj heev tab sis lub hom phiaj. Ntawm Moscow Architectural lub koom haum, kev kuaj daim pib yog teeb meem ntawm koob hmoov thiab dai tus nplaig. Ntawm no txhua tus tau muab tib qho kev ntsuas rau peb teev sijhawm ua haujlwm, nrog cov lus nug thoob plaws hauv chav kawm. Koj yuav tsum kawm ntau yam, tab sis txawm tias koj tsis paub txhua yam, koj tuaj yeem twv xeem dhau rau pob dhau los ntawm kev paub, tab sis tsis muaj hmoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog categorically tsis tuaj yeem khib lav ntawm kev xeem.
Qhov xwm txheej txawv nrog kev ntsuas. Kuv kawm hauv Moscow Architectural Institute, thaum tseem muaj 10-point nplai, thiab yog tias koj tau txais "peb" rau ib txoj haujlwm, nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis kaj siab, tab sis nws muab tso rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Hauv Dutch cov tsev kawm qib siab, cov qhab nia hla dhau yog 5.5 hauv txhua yam kev kawm. Yog tias koj tsis tau txais, koj yuav tsum rov ua dua lwm xyoo lossis ua qhov project dua.
Kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov haujlwm yog qhov txawv heev. Ntawm Moscow Architectural Institute koj nthuav qhia koj qhov project thiab tawm mus, thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim ntawv kawm tiav tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntev ntawm lub sijhawm. Txhua yam tau npaj ua ntej, cov no ib txwm nthuav qhia nrog kev pab los ntawm tus projector, tsis pub ntev dua 20 feeb rau tus tub ntxhais kawm, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov qub - rau kev sib tham (tsuas yog rau daim ntawv pov thawj me ntsis ntev dua): lub sijhawm ua tiav. Qhov no yog qhov kev qhuab ntuas heev, koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv luv luv thiab tham txog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv lub sijhawm faib.
Koj txoj kev kawm hauv Eindhoven tau muab dab tsi rau koj thiab dab tsi ua koj txoj kev kawm hauv Moscow Architectural Institute muab koj?
- MARCHI thiab cov kawm tiav qib siab hauv University of the Netherlands ua tiav txhua lwm yam zoo. Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Thev Naus Laus Zis yog qhov kev kawm tshaj lij ntawm qhov ua tau zoo, uas tau muab txoj hauv kev rau kuv kom muaj kev ua haujlwm siab thiab coj tus cwj pwm tsis txaus siab rau kuv txoj haujlwm, thaum tsim qauv sab nraud lub hauv paus ntawm tus qauv.
MARCHI yog lub tsev kawm ntawm kev muaj sia nyob uas qhia kuv kom ua haujlwm sai, zoo, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, siv sijhawm ntev heev. Nws tseem yog cov kev kawm muaj zog uas Holland tsis muaj. MARCHI tau qhia kuv kom kos duab zoo nkauj, kom nkag siab txog kev kos duab, keeb kwm, kev xav. Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas tau muab rau kuv los ntawm kev kawm hauv Moscow Architectural Institute yog kev hlub tsis txaus ntseeg rau kuv txoj haujlwm, kos duab, nroog thiab kos duab. MARCHI tau muab qhov no "ua rau kev qaug tshuaj ntawm kev paub zoo nrog kev zais ntawm kev kos duab, uas yog siab dua sijhawm." Kuv tsis tau hnov qhov kev xav no ntawm kev koom tes hauv architecture thiab kev txaus siab ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv Dutch. Ua ntej tshaj, qhov no yog lub tsev kawm txuj ci, thiab tsis muaj ib qho zoo kawg nkaus ntawm qhov chaw muaj tswv yim zoo thiab cov tog neeg ntawm tus ciav, raws li nyob hauv Moscow Architectural Institute.
Kev kawm txawv teb chaws yog qhov zoo thaum koj nkag siab qhov koj xav tau thiab thaum koj xav kawm. MARCHI tau dhau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws classic puag. Holland tau qhia kuv kom saib cov teeb meem los ntawm ntau cov ces kaum, kom nrhiav kev daws teeb meem, qee zaum tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsej muag kev tsim vaj tsev, zoo li yuav tsum yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab xav hloov yooj yim.
Koj puas pom zoo kom University of Eindhoven mus rau lwm tus tub ntxhais kawm Lav Xias?
- Tej zaum tsis muaj. Thawj xyoo kawm yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, muaj ntau, nrog lub sijhawm los sib txuas lus nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm kev kawm sib txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, Kuv tsis nyiam kuv qhov kev kawm tiav xyoo. Muaj tsuas yog kaum ntawm peb cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv nroog, thiab tib lub sijhawm kuv yog tib tug tub ntxhais kawm thoob ntiaj teb. Txhua tus tub ntxhais kawm txawv teb chaws ntawm kuv thawj xyoo kawm txog kev sib pauv lossis kev kawm Erasmus, yog li feem ntau hauv zos, cov neeg Dutch tau tseem nyob rau daim ntawv kawm tiav, thiab tsis yog txhua tus neeg Dutch yog tus neeg nquag, mob siab rau, siv zog ua haujlwm zoo li cov tub ntxhais kawm thoob ntiaj teb uas tsis yooj yim mus kawm. hauv lwm lub tebchaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj haujlwm kev npaj nroog nyob hauv University of Eindhoven tam sim no mus dhau lub sijhawm nyuaj, feem ntau yog vim muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev coj noj coj ua tshiab ntawm chav haujlwm thiab cov xibfwb paub dhau los. Nws yog qhov nyuaj, tab sis txawm nyob ntawm no cov kws qhia tau hais lus hauv ib lub log. Lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev thiab tus thawj ntawm kuv daim diploma, Sophie Russo, tsuas yog los ntawm cov chaw tua rog, yog li kuv qib rau kev kawm tiav tau tsis tshua muaj kev ceeb toom, uas yog qhov tsis txaus siab. Tab sis yog tias koj mus rau hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tsev Kawm Ntawv, tom qab ntawd txhua yam nyob ntsiag to thiab nyob ntsiag to, thiab muaj kev xaiv los ntawm ntau lub tsev kawm qib siab studios. Kuv tus kws lij choj tau zoo siab nrog lawv txoj haujlwm.
Yog tias koj rov mus tau raws sijhawm, koj yuav npaj koj li txheej txheem kev kos duab li cas?
- Txhua yam muab tawm ntawm txoj kev nws tshwm sim. Tag nrho cov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kuv tsis yog nthawv, tab sis vim yog muaj ntau yam. Kuv zoo siab uas kuv tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv Moscow Architectural Institute, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj qib hauv lub Netherlands. Yog tias nws muaj peev xwm hloov qee yam, tom qab ntawd nws tsim nyog ua ntej, rov qab rau hauv Moscow Architectural Institute, mus kawm ntawv txawv teb chaws rau kev sib pauv rau rau lub hlis lossis ib xyoos. Raws li trite li nws yuav zoo, kev kawm txawv teb chaws yog qhov kev paub dhau los - tsawg kawg rau kuv. Thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev ntshai tias koj yuav tsum tau kawm ntawm Moscow Architectural Institute rau lwm xyoo: tsis muaj ib qho dab tsi txaus ntshai hauv qhov no, tsis muaj qhov yuav ntshai tus thawj saib xyuas haujlwm thiab cov xibfwb. Nws tsis yog hais txog kev kawm, tab sis hais txog kev ua neej nyob hauv cov kev cai tshiab. Cov neeg tshiab, qhov chaw, cov ntaub ntawv, lus - txhua yam pab koj nkag siab tias muaj ntau yam tsis txaus ntseeg uas koj nyiam thiab qhov twg tsim nyog xaiv. Txoj kev xav ua ntej ploj, uas, willy-nilly, tshwm sim thaum koj nyob hauv ib haiv neeg tau ntev: koj kawm tau tias cov mis nyuj rhaub tau ntxim nyiam txawm yog nyob hauv South Africa, koj kawm ua dumplings, ci qab pancakes thiab ua rau cov neeg hauv tebchaws paub tias Lavxias. pancakes nrog freshest Dutch herring yog qab heev.
Koj ua dab tsi tam sim no?
- Kuv ua haujlwm tam li tus tsim qauv nroog hauv chav chaw ua haujlwm Dutch
Cov Tswv Yim Txog Cov Txij Nkawm. Thaum xub thawj lawv coj kuv muaj li tus kws qhia haujlwm rau lub hlis, tam sim no kuv ua haujlwm hauv kev cog lus. Kuv nyiam nws nyob ntawd. Ntxiv rau qhov zoo rau cov npoj yaig thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm txaus nyiam (mus ncig ua haujlwm thiab noj su tau them nyiaj, 8-teev ua haujlwm hnub yog txoj cai, tsis suav tshwj, qhov chaw ua haujlwm nyob ib sab yog Hague lub chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau nrog panoramic qhov rais thiab kev pom ntawm lub nroog qhov chaw), Kuv kuj tau nyiam los ntawm "ntsuab" Saib lub nroog loj thiab zej zog tag nrho. Kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov tsis yog suav cov lus hais, tab sis yog lub zeem muag rau ntau lub phiaj xwm: lub ntiaj teb zoo dua yuav tsum muaj kev daws teeb meem yav tom ntej.
Ntxiv rau cov tswv yim npaj, cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm, thaj av "pom kev pom", thaj chaw pej xeem, chav ua haujlwm kom muaj npe nrov rau nws cov phiaj xwm ntau yam thiab kev tshawb fawb ntsig txog cov hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv. Tam sim no peb tab tom ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev teeb vaj huam sib luag.
Tam sim no kuv tsis khoom nrog 4-5 qhov haujlwm. Lub studio yog me me, tsuas yog 18 tus neeg, plaub ntawm lawv yog tus ua haujlwm. Nws qhov me me tso cai rau txhua tus los ua haujlwm sib txawv thiab ua cov haujlwm sib txawv: ua cov duab zoo nkauj hauv Photoshop thiab kos duab hauv Illustrator, 3D qauv, GIS cov ntaub ntawv, nyeem Dutch cov ntawv thaum tshawb xyuas, tsim tus qauv npaj lossis thaj chaw pej xeem me.
Ib qho ntxiv, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2016, rau hnub so, kuv tau ua haujlwm ib nrab sijhawm ntawm Architecture Biennale hauv Rotterdam. Lawv tau them nyiaj tsawg, tab sis koj tuaj yeem mus rau ntau cov lus tshaj tawm thiab cov lus sib tham pub dawb, ua cov sib cuag uas muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab feem ntau nws zoo nkauj tau yog ib feem ntawm qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb hauv vaj tsev.
Muab tswv yim rau tus kws kes duab vajtse
- Ua kom muaj kev sib cuag ntau thiab tsis txhob ua siab deb tham txog koj tus kheej: yuav ua li cas zoo kawg nkaus, ntse thiab tshaj lij koj yog. Thaum nws los nrhiav haujlwm, tshwj xeeb yog thawj txoj haujlwm, kev coj ncaj ncees, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob hauv tus kws kes duab vajtse thiab tus tsim qauv hauv nroog, yog qhov tsis zoo. Qhov tshwj xeeb, tsis txhob ntshai hnov suab tsis zoo, thiab kawm tas li kom paub hais lus nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Kuv tus kheej ntxub nws, tab sis kev muaj peev xwm kom meej meej thiab kev ntseeg tau nthuav qhia qhov phiaj xwm - thiab kuv tus kheej - yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tse ua tiav hauv peb lub sijhawm.
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