Peb tau tham txog qhov project ntawm Wine lub tsev thaj chaw nyob ntawm Hals-Development lub tuam txhab nyob rau xyoo 2014, thaum kev tsim kho twb pib lawm. Kev thaj chaw nyob ntawm Sadovnicheskaya Street yog ib qho piv txwv thaum ntxov ntawm kev koom tes ntawm TPO Reserve thiab SPEECH, uas tau faib cov ntu ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv ib nrab rau qhov hom phiaj ntawm ntau qhov kev daws teeb meem: ib ntawm lawv, modernist, belongs rau Vladimir Plotkin, qhov thib ob yog cim los ntawm latent ornamental classics, yog li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev tshawb rau Sergei Tchoban. Hauv qhov no, TPO "Reserve" ua yeeb yam raws li cov qauv tsim tawm dav dav.
Yog tias peb tham txog qhov chaw, tom qab ntawd nws ntsiag to ncig, tsuas yog qhov zoo kawg rau nruab nrab ntawm Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Sadovniki, nyob ntawm Balchug Island, nws yog qhov txias heev yuav luag txhua txhia qhov chaw, qhov chaw zoo heev rau cov tsev kim. Cov nqi rau cov tsev nyob ntawm no nyob ntawm 7 txog 10 txhiab daus las rau ib lub 'meter', lawv cheeb tsam feem ntau tshaj li 100 m, feem ntau ob npaug, thiab ib nrab ntawm cov ntu tau muag tag nrho. Thiab qhov chaw tau nthuav - ntawm txhua sab nws tau ncig los ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm cov tub rog chav tub rog. Rau sab qaum teb, ntawm sab laug raws Sadovnicheskaya Txoj Kev, yog tus qub Kriegskommissariat, ua xyoo 1780 raws li tus qauv tsim los ntawm Nicolas Legrand, "tus sau" ntawm Catherine txoj kev npaj rau kev tsim kho hauv Moscow. Tam sim no nws tau nyob hauv Lub Tsev Hauv Paus ntawm Chaw Haujlwm Tub Rog Hauv Nroog, hauv lub loog muaj ib lub bunker los ntawm cov chaw tswjfwm hauv cheeb tsam, xyoo 1953 Beria raug tua nyob ntawd. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tshawb Xyuas ntawm tib lub nroog. Ntawm qhov tod tes, ntawm sab xis raws Sadovnicheskaya Street, muaj qhov tsawg "qub Kriegskommissariat" ua nyob rau xyoo 1740; tam sim no nws lub tshav puam ua haujlwm ua chaw ua si rau cov tub rog.
Thaum kawg, Wine lub tsev fenced ntawm Kosmodamianskaya embankment los ntawm ib txoj hlua ntawm Stalinist cov tsev nyob, uas, ceeb, tau tsim lub sijhawm ua tsov rog, los ntawm 1940 txog 1945. Lawv tau them los ntawm kev hla txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov ntoo thiab, nyeg, ntseeg tau npog cov chaw nyob hauv tsev - hauv cov tsev ze tshaj plaws muaj 8 plag tsev, thiab hauv cov ntu uas nyob ib sab ntawm cov tsev tshiab - 7. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov tuam tsev, uas yog, tom qab sab nraub qaum ntawm lub tsev Wine, ib lub loog me me uas muaj ib zaj lus raug kaw los ntawm ib txoj kev cuam tshuam tau tsim, ntxiv mus, 24x73 m duab plaub uas nyob ib sab mus rau hauv thaj chaw nyob muaj chaw rau nws thiab tau zoo nruab.
Lub complex nws tus kheej nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub winery ntawm Peter Smirnov, los ntawm qhov nws tau txais lub npe hais lus - "Caw Tsev", thiab cov cib liab liab ntawm 1888-1889 ncab raws Sadovnicheskaya Street; txij li xyoo 1940, nws tau ua Kornet champagne. Hauv cov tsev tsim tseg, muaj ib qho chaw tsim ua 41 chav tsev nyob, nws cov tsev ntawm lub ntsej muag raug ntxuav kom huv cov xim pleev xim, thiab raws li ib feem ntawm thaj chaw hauv lub tsev nws tau lub npe hu ua Luxury loft.
Cov tshooj tshiab ntawm lub tsev Wine yog tsim, echoing lawv tus neeg nyob ze Legrand, hauv cov duab plaub nruj me ntsis, thiab nruj nchav ncig ncig lub tshav puam. Yog hais tias lub xyoo pua puv 19 tau sawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab tsis tau txav mus rau sab laug, nws yuav tau tig los ua qhov zoo nkauj zoo nkauj xwm txheej, txwv tsis pub nws yuav muaj me ntsis asymmetrical.
Txawm li cas los xij, txoj ntsiab cai ntawm chav tsev "palace" ua yeeb yam nyob ntawm no, txawm tias yog qhov hint, tab sis pom tau hais tias: qhov chaw hauv nruab nrab tau ntsib qhov nkag mus rau lub tshav puam nrog kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov kev kwv yees dav dav los ntawm ob txoj kab ntsug ntawm ob sab. Cov txheej txheem yog ua tiav palace-zoo li, lub hauv paus risalit yuav siv lub luag haujlwm ntawm "portico", txawm hais tias nws tau kos, nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws: hloov ntawm kev txhawb nqa-puag, muaj chaw nyob hauv qab console, hloov chaw cov kem, muaj cov piers nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov rais, uas, hauv pem teb los ntawm pem teb, ua tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov duab kos duab zoo nkauj, lossis - zoo li cov ceg ntoo, ua kom lub ntsej muag ploj mus saum ntuj.
Tab sis lub ntsiab lus ntawm ib tus neeg sawv cev zoo "palace" -car yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis yog lub ntsiab ntawm no. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntxiv yog kev sib koom tes ntawm ob tug neeg nto moo Lavxias, koom ua ke hauv ib qho nyuaj - cov txheej txheem nrov tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 2010, nqa los ntawm kev tshawb rau ntau yam "txhais tes" tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm txoj kev sib txig sib xyaw ua ntej ntawm lub nroog keeb kwm. Cov. Xws li cov haujlwm sib fwm ntawm cov facades yog qee qhov sib txawv, tab sis qhov no tsis yog nyob ntawm no. Txhua yam muab tawm tsis tu ncua thiab sib hwm, nws yog qhov ua tau tias lub latent "palace" lub ntsiab lus hais ib yam dab tsi, lossis, ntau dua, ob tus kws sau ntawv muaj cov lus tshaj tawm txog ntawm yam uas qhov tseeb heev ntawm cov neeg zej zog-sib piv tau tsim lub suab nrov ntawm tus laus. Cov. Txawm li cas los xij, nws paub tias Sergei Tchoban thiab Vladimir Plotkin feem ntau ua haujlwm ua ke rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab - piv txwv li, ntawm VTB Arena Park, lossis ntawm Chaw nres nkoj Zapadny Chaw nyob. Tab sis ntawm no tsis yog cov tuam tsev tau muab faib, tab sis cov facades thiab ntu.
Kev coj ncaj ncees yog ua los ntawm kev hais txog lub silhouette dav thiab mus kom ze rau qhov siab: qhov siab ntawm lub tsev txo mus rau 4 plag tsev ntawm Sadovnicheskaya Street, sib sau cov kauj ruam dav ntawm cov terraces nrog cov zoo saib. Tsis muaj tsawg dua kev koom ua ke ua si los ntawm cov khoom siv - lub teeb limestone, uas tam sim no tau txais hauv lub nroog qhov chaw raws li cov khoom siv nyob rau tib lub sijhawm hwm thiab keeb kwm, txawm hais tias peb paub tias yuav luag tsis muaj cov tuam tsev pob zeb nyob hauv qub Moscow.
Ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm SPEECH, limestone yog me ntsis ntxiv "classically" daj, thaum nyob ntawm TPO "Reserve" nws yog qab zib-dawb hauv txoj kev niaj hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv txoj haujlwm, cov xim sib txawv tau pom ntau dua, hauv qhov tseeb, thawj xim tsuas yog me ntsis ntxiv beige; tsis muaj peering, koj yuav tsis pom tam sim. Hauv qee qhov chaw lub pob zeb "interpenetrates", uas tseem muab tau kev sib koom siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv thib ob, cov hlau dub ntawm cov txuas hniav dav thiab kev sib tw nyias, kuj yog ib qho muaj ntau. Qhov kev xav tau yog tias ob tus kws sau ntawv tau ceev faj los xyuas kom meej tias qhov kev sib tham tsis txhim kho mus rau hauv qhov kev sib cav. Thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb tau ua rau pom tseeb, txawm tias "ntawv zoo li ntawv" los ntawm kev xav, tsis muaj lub suab txhawb nqa.
Lub ntsej muag ntawm Sergei Tchoban rau cov qauv duab thiab cov tswv yim sib luag. Ntawm no, es tsis txhob consoles hauv thawj qib, pob zeb pylons muaj ntau dua. Nyias qhov rais ntsug, sib sau ua ke hauv peb, thiab puag ncig ntawm cov risalits nco txog qhov meej pem Art Nouveau thiab Art Deco. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv qhia dawb ntawm tsis muaj leej twg lossis lwm tus, tej zaum, tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav tsis tau: txhua yam dhau los ntawm qhov kev paub tseeb ntawm "metaphysics", cov ntsiab lus raug xaib, txawm hais tias pom tau. Piv txwv li, nyob rau yav qab teb lub tsev ntawm sab qaum teb lub tsev, zoo zes lub hnub, peb pom cov ntawv semicircular - qhov "duab ntxoo" ntawm cov kab ntawv hauv cov kev pab rov qab. Nquag thiab nyias cov kab ntsug ntawm cov pylons zoo li cov flutes, txawm hais tias lawv yog devoid ntawm daim duab sib ntxiv, ntxiv rau ntau cov ntawv tshaj tawm, feem ntau tsis yooj yim, duab plaub - txhua qhov no hais txog kev hais txog qhov dav dav rau Italian xyoo 1930.
Qhov kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws yog kos rau lub ntsej muag ntoo kom zoo nkauj - lub leitmotif ntawm Sergei Tchoban lub architecture, cov lus teb rau nws tus kheej lub tswv yim, hais hauv phau ntawv "30:70", hais txog qhov yuav tsum ua rau cov nyom ntawm cov vaj tse, ua haujlwm nrog décor thiab cov ntawv sau. Hauv qhov no, nws yog tus txais qhov tseeb rau txoj xov.
cov tsev nyob hauv Granatny Lane, kuj tseem muaj, txhawb los ntawm ornamental txhob lo lo ntxhuav-npo luam ntawv rau iav. Tab sis muaj qhov tiag tiag ntau ornaments, lawv feem ntau ua raws Byzantine prototypes, thiab muaj nyob hauv ntau cov ntaub ntawv. Pob zeb carving hauv Granatnoye yog qhov txawv: los ntawm cov qauv, tab sis tag nrho tus qauv, kom tiaj tus, nyob ntawm ob qhov chaw ncaj qha, xws li lub taub roj hmab lossis lub ntsej muag txua ntawm linoleum, uas tsis yog ua piv txwv tias yog kev cawm. Cov qauv kawg no, texturedly qhov yooj yim, tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsev ntsej muag ntawm Wine lub tsev. Vim tias qhov siab ntawm qhov dav dav, prototypes yuav luag tsis tau nyeem ntawm no, zawj cua ntsawj tsis paub kawg, tam sim no nruj nreem, tsuas yog qee zaus tso cai rau ib qho kom paub tam sim no qhov nkhaus ntawm lub paj, tam sim no lub khob ntawm plhaw. Nws lub hom phiaj - "xoob" saum npoo nrog lace - tau tiav, thiab flatness yog tej zaum tau them khoom plig rau kev sib tham hauv kev sib tham.
Sib piv cov txiaj ntsig nrog qhov project, peb tau ntseeg: ntau cov ntsiab lus, piv txwv li, cov ntoo zoo nkauj zoo ib yam li "Byzantine Lub Tsev", tau muab tshem tawm hauv cov txheej txheem, cov carving tau dhau los ua nyias, thiab cov ntsiab lus txhawb nqa ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm "Reserve" los ntawm vaj loog sab ploj tag.
Raws li rau lub ntsej muag ntawm Vladimir Plotkin, lawv, ua, raws li peb nco ntsoov, nyob rau hauv tib qho, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, muaj tseeb, sib txawv kiag li, pib nrog qhov tseeb tias lawv feem ntau yeej kab rov tav, thiab lub qhov rais pom muaj ntau dua asymmetrical. thiab cov ntsiab lus txawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau ntawm lub tsev ntawm plaub-storey saib dhau Sadovnicheskaya. Qhov no yog lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw nyob, nws sawv cev hauv nroog, thiab ntawm nws, tej zaum, ntau hom kev daws teeb meem tshwj xeeb tshaj yog pom tau. Ntawm no, plaub lub tsev sib txawv yog txoj kab hauv kab, qhov thib ob los ntawm sab laug yog lub tsev cib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tom ntej no nws yog ntu "fluted" ntawm Sergei Tchoban, feem ntau "classic" ntawm txhua qhov.
Raws cov npoo muaj ob ntu los ntawm Vladimir Plotkin, lawv teeb tsa kev sib tham ntawm ob lub keeb kwm, thiab yog li ntawd, lawv yog zaum subordinated rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm tus ncej - tab sis tsis yooj yim, tab sis zoo ib yam li monochrome version ntawm Piet Mondrian cov lus: ib daim phiaj ntawm qhov rais occupies tag nrho cov faadeade, tso rau nws zoo li "cim npe" … Lub ntsej muag ntawm du yog, dawb rau lawv yog cov neeg dawb, dub yog blacker, thiab iav zoo li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog dub, tsis muaj softening. Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm Vladimir Plotkin nyiam cov ntawv cuav: dub thiab dawb.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsev tshiab los ntawm txoj kev ib sab kuj ua haujlwm hauv kev sib koom ua ke: tag nrho peb lub ntsej muag niaj hnub dai ntawm txoj kev taug kev nrog kev sib sib zog nqus, thaum nyob saum lawv tsim, raws li peb nco, peb theem ntawm terraces, qhov tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv Moscow Cov. Nws hloov tawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov xav paub "lub qhov ntswg" uas qhov tshiab "saib" ntawm txoj kev - raws li txwv rau lub tsev cib, qub, tus kheej muaj peev xwm, tau pom txhua yam, ob qho tib si ua tsov rog thiab tawm tsam. Vladimir Plotkin txiav txim siab qhov feem ntawm cov nyom no - plaub-zaj dab neeg ib qho nrog terraces - yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.
Hauv cov vaj tse sab nrauv ntawm Reserv, cov piers loj dua me ntsis, tab sis lub qhov rais - qee zaum ntsug, qee zaum kab rov tav, qee zaum angular - "constructivist" - sib hloov nrog asymmetrical liveliness. Ntawm no, nyob rau sab nraud contour, txhua qhov qhib tau txais lub thav duab dub, thiab nruab nrab ntawm lawv muaj nyem pob zeb sib txig, zoo ib yam li cov yuam sij ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nrum ntse daim duab peb sab thiab ua haujlwm ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm lub tsev-mechanism.
Txij li thaum "Txiaj Ntsig" tau txais tag nrho plaub ceg kaum, nws cov kws ua vaj tsev kuj tau txais ntau qhov chaw sab nraud, sab hauv thiab sab nraud: ib txoj hlua nqaim hauv lub tshav puam sib haum rau sab xub ntiag. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, Vladimir Plotkin muaj lub ntsej muag loj ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab tam sim no, tom qab me ntsis kev saib xyuas ntau ntawm lub tsev tag nrho, lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus kev tsim ua kom pom tseeb: nws yog qhov txuas uas sib sau ob lub hauv paus.: cov meta-classic, dai kom zoo nkauj nrog grooves, vaj huam sib luag thiab carvings nyias-boned thiab statuary, yos rov qab mus txog xyoo 1930 - thiab modernist, rov qab zoo dua qub, thov rau lub tswv yim ntawm xyoo 1970. Txawm hais tias yog tias peb tham txog Mondrian, ces xyoo 1920. Kev tsis sib thooj yas ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm xyoo pua 20th, qhov tseeb, hlob mus rau "tsob ntoo dawb" ntawm lub hauv paus kev kwv yees. Qhov no yog lub chord tseem ceeb, kev sim ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm classical thiab modernism, nws xaus cov lus sib tham thiab tsis yog tsis muaj laj thawj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab.
Txhua txoj kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw nkag tau npaj ntawm ib sab ntawm lub tshav puam, thiab cov chav tsev ntawm thawj cov theem pib muab chaw nkag ncaj qha los ntawm txoj kev; nyob rau ntawm cov thawj pem teb kuj muaj chaw rau cov chaw pej xeem, lub tsev kawm qib kindergarten thiab chav ua lag luam nyob ntawm txoj kev tsheb. Lub tshav puam yog ob-theem, los ze zog ntxiv rau Sadovnicheskaya muaj ib qho kev nkag mus nkag rau hauv chaw nres tsheb, me ntsis ntxiv - sab hauv ib qho ntawm nws lub ru tsev; kev txhim kho tau raug ua los ntawm TPO "Reserve". Nyob hauv lub tiaj ua si - ntau me ntsis ntau dua kaum lub kaum xoo paj paj hauv ceg, tsa siab tshaj theem hauv av; qee ntawm lawv ua haujlwm taug kev rau cov ntoo: cov ntoo, cov lindens thiab cov txiv ntoo qab zib. Ib qho ntawm cov duab plaub, ze dua rau ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub tshav puam, yog chaw nyob ntawm lub pas dej me me uas muaj cov dej ntws. Txhua lub vaj paj ntoo muaj daim txiag ntoo thiab thuv tog. Cov paving tsim cov ntaub pua plag textured: lub teeb pob zeb pob zeb, pob zeb cib, nyom chaw thiab blotches ntawm ntoo chaw tau ua ke ntawm no, hloov lub tshav puam rau hauv ib hom terrace, tsev thiab chaw xis.
Yog li muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub tshav puam, uas tsis muaj nyob rau ntawm lub ntsej muag, qhov twg cov keeb kwm liab liab thiab cov pob zeb dawb niaj hnub yog sib nrauj sib nrauj. Muaj cib fim “hauv qab taw”, nws tseem pom nyob hauv chav tos txais, qhov chaw cov nkauj laus ua si los ntawm lub pob zeb zoo tib yam rau pem hauv ntej, tab sis ua kom muaj zog los ntawm txaws ntoo thiab av ci.
Lub parallelepiped ntawm lub qhov cua qhov, disguised nrog lub qhib ntxaij ntoo ntawm corten hlau, yuav siv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm ib tug duab puab paub daws teeb, cais lub xwmfab los ntawm kev nkag mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb, enlivening nws nrog ib tug liab pliv chaw, thiab kuj echoing lub cib facades ntawm vaj tsev siab hlob.
Kev tsim kho av, chaw nres tsheb, pob zeb lub ntsej muag, cov chav nyob hauv nruab nrab - txhua qhov no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm tus nqi siab ntawm qhov chaw "ib lub teeb liab ntawm Kremlin" thiab chav npau taws ntawm tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, the architecture of such complexes for Moscow, raws li txoj cai, maneuvers ntawm "kev txuag txhaws nrog cov kab", uas tseem tshwm sim ntau dua - thiab "niaj hnub", uas tsis tshua muaj ntau, tab sis nws kuj tshwm sim. Kev xaiv yog qhov yooj yim, ib lossis ob qhov. Ntawm no yog zaj dab neeg sib txawv kiag li - tsis yog Tchoban kho kom zoo nkauj lub tsev kos duab tsis yog ib qho qauv tsim qauv, ntawm no yog kev sib tham ntawm ob tus lees paub cov neeg txhawb nqa ntawm cov qauv sib txawv stylistic los ua, ntawm qhov kev thov ntawm tus neeg muas zaub, ib qho ntawm thaj av ntawm lub tsev. Qhov kev sib tham tig los ua neeg me - nws txaus los xav txog ob leeg sau ntawv kom nkag siab tias nws tsis tuaj yeem yog lwm yam - tab sis cov lus hais daws teeb meem, lees paub, yog qhov nthuav.
![EQUITONE [Natura] N164 Dawb: Muag Dawb](https://i.architectureprof.com/images/004/image-9928-j.webp "EQUITONE [Natura] N164 Dawb: Muag Dawb")