Txujci. "Kuv ua dab tsi, cov tub ntxhais hluas tam sim no tsis zoo hu ua mimicry"
Nees nkaum xyoo dhau los, koj tau hais tias koj lub hom phiaj yog kho lub nroog. Txoj haujlwm no puas tseem muaj txoj sia nyob niaj hnub no?
Kuv tseem ntseeg tias kev txhim kho thoob ntiaj teb ntawm keeb kwm ib puag ncig tsis tsim nyog. Qhov kev ntshaw ntawm cov tib neeg uas xav ua txhaum tawg yog tsis muaj qab hau. Tsis tas yuav rhuav tshem txoj kev xav ntawm ib txwm muaj. Muaj ntau lub kis tsis sib luag hauv lub nroog uas tau tawm ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog lossis lwm tus neeg txoj kev xav. Thiab cov chaw no yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo. Ib xyoos dhau los, ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Cov Cuab Yeej Cuab Yeej, Natalia Dushkina thiab Rustam Rakhinematullin tau muaj kev sib tham "tshiab architecture hauv lub qub nroog." Sergei Skuratov thiab Kuv tau coj ua yeeb yam. Sergei Skuratov sib cav hais tias tus kws ua vajtse muaj cai hloov chaw ib puag ncig thaum nws pom zoo, tsis tas yuav nug leej twg. Kuv tawm tsam hauv lub siab tias tus kws kes duab vajtse yuav tsum nkag siab txhua lub sijhawm. Cov kws txawj hluas hu nws qhov tsis zoo: mimicry. Hauv lawv lub tswv yim, kom maj mam muab sib xyaw ua ke hauv qhov chaw tsis zoo, tab sis kom muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg tsim khoom hauv nws yog qhov zoo. Tab sis qhov no tsis txhais tau tias Skuratov thiab Kuv tab tom sib ntaus, nws tsuas yog hais tias txhua tus neeg muaj lawv lub tswv yim.
Yuav ua li cas koj cov vaj tse: ib lub tsev hauv Levshinsky Pereulok, thaj chaw hauv thaj chaw ntawm Sofiyskaya Embankment thiab Tsarev Sad lub tsev so ua haujlwm, cuam tshuam nrog lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev kho lub nroog? Koj puas tau ua haujlwm rau hnub Wednesday?
Tab sis, nws sim tsis ntsia ntsia nws. Hauv Levshinsky, Kuv pleev xim rau ib lub tsev kom nws ntsia zoo li nws tau tsim ntev dhau los. Txoj kab ntawm nws lub sam thiaj nyob ntawm tib qhov chaw siab npaum li txoj kab ntawm eaves ntawm lub tsev rov qab. Los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ib tug xav paub xwm txheej tsis ntev los no. Tus tswv ntawm ob lub tsev ob theem no los rau kuv, hais tias nws xav rhuav tshem txhua yam thiab muab tso rau hauv nws lub tsev kom zoo ib yam li kuv lub, qhov siab ib yam. Kuv xav tsis thoob, vim tias kuv tau pib ntawm lub tsev no thaum tsim …
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zooming 1/6 Lub Tsev "Noble zes" hauv Levshinsky txoj kab © Sergey Kiselev thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes, © Utkin Studio
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zooming 2/6 Lub Tsev "Noble zes" hauv Levshinsky txoj kab © Sergey Kiselev thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes, © Utkin Studio
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zooming 3/6 Lub Tsev "Noble zes" hauv Levshinsky txoj kab © Sergey Kiselev & Cov Neeg Koom Tes, © Utkin Studio
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zooming 4/6 Lub Tsev "Noble Zes" hauv Levshinsky txoj kab © Sergey Kiselev thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes, © Utkin Studio
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zooming 5/6 Lub Tsev "Noble Zes" hauv Levshinsky txoj kab © AM Sergey Kiselev thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes, © Utkin Studio
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zooming 6/6 Lub Tsev "Noble Zes" hauv Levshinsky txoj kab © Sergey Kiselev thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes, © Utkin Studio
Raws li rau Sofiyskaya Kev Cog Lus thiab Tsareva Sad, nws yuav tsum tau yug los hauv lub siab tias lwm cov koom haum tau ua tus qauv tsim. Kuv tau nkag mus rau qhov project ntawm Sergei Skuratov ntawm Sofiyskaya embankment thaum muaj kev tsim kho npaj, plaub lub tsev twb sawv lawm. Skuratov yeej qhov kev sib tw nrog cov phiaj xwm niaj hnub, tab sis cov qhua tuaj noj mov xav tau cov chav ua yeeb yam, thiab Sergey hu kuv. Hauv ib txoj haujlwm uas twb muaj lawm, Kuv yuav tsum sim kos lwm daim duab kom zoo nkauj, hwm qhov nplai thiab qhov sib luag ntawm ib puag ncig. Hmoov tsis, tsis yog txhua yam ua haujlwm raws li qhov kuv xav tau: cov neeg siv khoom ua qhov project tsis pauv. Nws zoo li rau kuv tias cov xim ntawm Hagemeister cib yog xim tsaus dhau los piv rau kev npaj, thiab lub pob zeb dhau mus.
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zooming 1/5 thaj ua rau thaj chaw ntawm Sofiyskaya embankment © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/5 chaw nyob nyob ntawm Sofiyskaya embankment © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/5 thaj chaw nyob ntawm Sofiyskaya embankment © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 4/5 thaj chaw nyob ntawm Sofiyskaya embankment © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 5/5 thaj chaw nyob ntawm Sofiyskaya embankment © Ilya Utkin
Lub tsev so ntawm "Tsarev Sad" kuj tseem muaj cov keeb kwm tsis muaj tseeb. Muaj kaw qhov kev sib tw (saib cov txiaj ntsig - tus sau ntawv lub cim), nyob rau hauv uas kuv lub studio thiab ob pawg lwm yeej. Kuv sim mus tsim cov me nyuam txoj kev nyuaj ntawm txoj kev peb lub tsev hauv paus tsev kawm txoj kev Kokorevsky. Yog li ntawd, cov qhua tuaj noj mov qhia kuv kom tsim qhov stylobate ib feem saib rau Mos Mosoreoreky Choj (tus so yog ua los ntawm lwm tus kws sau ntawv). Lub tsev ua yeeb yam nrog lub zog loj xeb yuav tsum ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub ntsa thaiv kom ruaj khov. Thiab phab ntsa yuav tsum txhawb nqa lub vaj, tab sis lub vaj teb xws li tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Cov lauj kaub-hlau, uas nyob hauv qhov phiaj xwm, tau raug tso tseg, qhov "khaum-cam khwb cia-hlau lattices tau raug muab tso tseg. Lub thawv tso pa tawm, uas yog nyob hauv qab daus, tau nqa mus sab saud. Qhov tshwm sim yuav tsis tau paub.
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zooming 1/5 Tsev so ua "Tsarev Vaj". © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/5 Lub tsev so ua haujlwm "Tsarev Vaj". © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/5 Chaw ntiav pw "Tsarev Vaj". Tus khiav ntawm kev sib tw. "Utkin Studio". Cov lus piav qhia yog muab los ntawm cov koom haum ntawm kev sib tw. © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 4/5 Lub tsev so ua haujlwm "Tsarev Vaj". Utkin Studios project. Kev saib dav dav © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 5/5 Tsev so ua "Tsarev Vaj". © Ilya Utkin
Hauv phiaj xwm ntawm thaj chaw nyob nrog kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm lub chaw tsim hluav taws xob hauv thaj chaw Trekhgorka, Kuv kuj tau ua raws li qhov muaj kev nyuaj thiab sim txo nws. Qhov tseeb, nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim nyob ntawd. Ntawm Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, ib sab ntawm tus kes duab vajtse qub txeeg qub teg hauv nroog, lub nroog tau faib ib txoj kab ntawm cov tsev nyob, nkag mus rau ib txoj haujlwm rau 100,000 m.2, thiab tawm peb mus. Cov neeg sau ntawv yav dhau los ntawm txoj haujlwm tau teeb tsa lub pej thuam, tab sis lawv tau txwv. DKN tau tiv tauj kuv thiab pom zoo kuv rau tus neeg yuav khoom, lub tuam txhab Tashir. Kuv tau hais tawm tom qab ua kev tsim kho kom ua si hauv ntau puag ncig. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm yog lub tsev triple nrog arches los ntawm kev uas Trekhgorka pom. Cov kws tshaj lij tau coj nws tsis kam lees. Kuv tseem yuav tsum tsim ib lub tsev siab. Nws tseem tig tawm 60,000 m2, yuav luag ob lub sijhawm tsawg dua qhov xav tau. Txawm li cas los xij, Kuv sim ua ib yam dab tsi rau tib neeg. Thiab tom qab ntawd muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm tus tswv ntawm Trekhgorka Oleg Deripaska thiab lub tuam txhab Tashir. Thiab txhua yam nres.
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zooming Ntau txoj kev nyob rau ntawm Krasnopresnenskaya embankment © Ilya Utkin
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zooming Ntau txoj kev nyob rau ntawm Krasnopresnenskaya embankment © Ilya Utkin
Lub hauv paus. "Kuv nco ntsoov cov tub ntxhais hluas no rau ntawm tus choj thiab liab qab zoo nkauj"
Thaum twg koj tau tsim raws li kws kes duab vajtse?
Kuv pib kawm paub qhov kev zoo nkauj hauv kuv yawg chav tsev qiv ntawv. Txawm hais tias kuv yawg, tus kws tsim qauv Georgy Wegman, yog ib tus neeg tsim kev txawj ntse hauv nws cov hluas, nws khaws cov duab nkauj ntawm Piranesi thiab Palladio, ntxiv rau Le Corbusier, Vers L'Arົງ hauv lub qub, hauv Fab Kis. Cov no yog cov phau ntawv nrog nthuav zoo: txhua nplooj ntawv xim nrog tus ntxhiab tsw tshwj xeeb … Kuv nyiam saib cov duab tha xim thiab cov duab kos. Cov no yog kuv cov menyuam cov phau ntawv. Kuv nco txog cov tub rog uas sib ntaus ntawm tus choj nyob ze Böcklin, kev zoo nkauj liab qab, nkoj, kev caij nkoj, kev saib lub tsev ua haujlwm.. Kuv tus phooj ywg thiab tus npoj yaig Sasha Brodsky muaj ntau qhov kev paub dhau los: nws yog los ntawm tsev neeg kos duab, Kuv los ntawm tsev neeg kos duab Cov. Qhov nws tsis muaj nyob tom tsev yog kuv li. Peb pom tau nrog kev txaus siab Cov Pyranesian views ntawm Rome nrog cov phiaj xwm thiab cov ntawv sau, qhov chaw zoo heev ntawm karcheri. Peb tau los ntawm kev nyiam los ntawm keeb kwm architecture thiab txoj kev hlub ntawm etching. Qee yam ntawm nws xaus hauv peb cov phiaj xwm ntawv.
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zooming 1/5 “Tus choj nroog”. 1984-1990 © Alexander Brodsky, Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/5 "Kev Lag Luam Zoo Txaus", 1987. © Alexander Brodsky, Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/5 "Ib Monument ntawm lub xyoo 2000". © Alexander Brodsky, Ilya Utkin
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zooming 4/5 Choj hauv Tacoma. 1990 - 1991 © Alexander Brodsky, Ilya Utkin
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zooming 5/5 Choj hauv Tacoma. 1990 - 1991 © Alexander Brodsky, Ilya Utkin
Koj tau kawm dab tsi nrog kev ua haujlwm hauv Moscow Architectural Institute?
Kuv tau kawm nrog Konstantin Vladimirovich Kudryashev thiab Boris Grigorievich Barkhin. Tab sis suav nrog Piranesi thiab Palladio.
Koj tau sau ib tsab xov xwm hais txog Piranesi hauv 2010, uas koj tau piav qhia yog vim li cas cov kws tsim vaj tsev nyiam no cov kws sau pom kev ntseeg. Rau dab tsi?
Nws yog ib tsab xov xwm hais txog Piranesi exhibition hauv Venice, uas peb tau mus nrog Sasha Brodsky, thiab nws ua rau peb xav tsis thoob. Muaj kev sau ua ntawv, xws li architecture, tsis tuaj yeem luam tawm los ntawm phau ntawv luam ntawv. Lub engraving loj tau nws cov nplai. Koj yuav tsum tau mus rau nws. Thaum xub thawj, tag nrho cov duab yog pom tau hais, thiab thaum koj mus ze, koj pom ntau thiab ntau cov ntsiab lus, mus txog lub vev xaib txawv txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm tus neeg sau mob stroke. Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm daim ntawv nqus, ua rau cov duab ua rau muaj hluav taws xob thiab muaj sia. Ib qho xws li etching tuaj yeem ntsia rau lub sijhawm, taug kev raws txoj kev ntawm cov tib neeg txheej thaum ub, saib mus rau hauv cov kab dej ntawm lub qhov dej. Piranesi tsim tag nrho lub ntiaj teb. Qhov no yog vim li cas nws thiaj txuas ntxiv mus txhawb cov kws ua vaj tsev thiab lwm tus neeg muaj tswv yim. Hauv tsab xov xwm no kuv tau sau li cas Kuv ib zaug piav qhia rau cov tub ntxhais kawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm kev ua lub etching thiab paub los ntawm kev tsis ntseeg nyob rau lawv lub ntsej muag uas lawv yuav tsis ua. Thiab nws yuav yooj yim dua thiab ntau qhov sib txawv. Thiab kuv tsis tuaj yeem ua lwm txoj kev ntxiv. Yog tsis muaj daim duab yam tsis muaj kev sib zog ua haujlwm thiab kev txawj ntse.
Thaum lub sijhawm 500 xyoo ntawm Palladio, koj tau tshaj tawm ib tsab xov xwm uas koj hais cov lus ntawm tus kws kes duab zoo hauv Italis, uas yog: “Thaum peb, xav txog lub tshuab zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntiaj teb, pom dab tsi zoo kawg nkaus qhov siab nws tau sau nrog, peb tsis ntseeg tias lub tuam tsev peb tab tom ua yuav tsum zoo li lub tuam tsev uas Vajtswv tau tsim hauv nws qhov tsis zoo … ". Thiab koj sau qee yam xws li "thov saib kuv yog Palladian." Piav qhia qhov twg ntawm koj cov kev ua haujlwm tau cuam tshuam txog Palladio yog qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws. Hauv villas? Hauv cov tuam tsev? Hauv kev nkag siab dav dav ntawm architecture raws li qhov pom ntawm ntuj sib raug zoo?
Hmoov tsis zoo, Kuv nyob deb ntawm Palladio zoo kawg … Hauv kev muaj tiag, Kuv yuav tsum nrhiav cov ntawv xaj nrog kev nyuaj, indulge lub whims ntawm cov neeg muas zaub nrog tsis thov kev thov thiab sim tsis txhob lwj qhov chaw uas twb muaj nyob ib puag ncig.
Koj cov tsev nyiam rau lub qhov muag, nrog cov lus ntxig thiab zoo nkauj. Txhua tus neeg tau siv los ua qhov tseeb hais tias niaj hnub architecture tam sim no ua rau qhov loj me thiab tawg rau hauv cov ntsiab lus teb. Feem ntau, tus neeg xav ntawm Frankfurt lub tsev kawm ntawv Adorno tau sib cav hais tias tom qab Auschwitz, cov paj huam tsis yooj yim sua, thiab txij li pib xyoo pua nees nkaum, kev kos duab tau piav qhia txog lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob mus rau hauv lub abyss, lub xwmfab dub, thiab lwm yam. Thiab koj muaj lub tsev muaj ob-zaj dab neeg, tej yam me me hipped-ru tsev cov tuam tsev … Puas muaj qhov tsis sib haum nrog tus ntsuj plig ntawm cov sij hawm hauv koj lub architecture, nkag siab rau txhua tus neeg nyob hauv nroog?
Nov yog zaj dab neeg qub, uas tau suav hais tias niaj hnub thiab dhau los. Qhov kev sib cav no tau pib xyoo 1970, ua ntej peb xav txog nws thaum peb tau ua thawj qhov kev sib tw. Kuv tsuas xav tau mus deb ntawm postulates ntawm modernism, los ntawm kev sau paj lug ntau yam piav ua vaj tse thiab iav. Hauv kev koom tes nrog Alexander Brodsky, ntau cov haujlwm tau ua rau ntau qhov kev sib tw. Peb tau siv tes kos duab thiab tau tshwm sim los ntawm cov duab ntawm cov duab kos uas coj rov qab tsim txiaj. Thiab nws niaj hnub. Tom qab ntawd qhov tshwm sim no tau hu ua postmodernism.
Kuv yuav tsis equate postmodernism nrog daim ntawv architecture - ib tug poetic uas coj rov qab tus ntsuj plig thiab metaphysics rau architecture. Bumarkh, raws li Khan-Magomedov, yog Lavxias txoj kev koom tes hauv ntiaj teb kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, nrog rau Lavxias avant-garde thiab Stalinist Empire style. Koj thiab Alexander Brodsky thawj yeej cov ntawv sib tw, thiab tom qab ntawd tau ncig tag nrho lub ntiaj teb nrog kev teeb tsa, kom txog rau thaum 1994 koj tsim koj lub studio. Npaum li cas yog daim ntawv architecture muaj feem xyuam nrog cov tuam tsev niaj hnub no?
Kev sib txuas lus yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm kev tsim. Daim duab kos duab tau qhia peb kom ua haujlwm, teeb tsa cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb, tsim cov duab kos, thiab tom qab ntawd xaiv los ntawm lawv. Txhua tus kws ua vaj tsev uas tau koom nrog cov kev sib tw tau los ua cov neeg. Lawv muaj ib tug qauv, lawv paub yuav ua haujlwm li cas.
Tswv yim. "Muaj tus tsim muaj kuab, thiab tom qab ntawd xyoo caum ntawm tsis muaj kab lis kev cai"
Koj tau sau nyob rau hauv 1998 ib tsab xov xwm "Dab Teev" hais txog qhov thiaj li hu ua attraction architecture. Gehry Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Bilbao nyuam qhuav tshwm sim ib xyoo ua ntej. Cov ntawv sau tau qhov xav paub sib piv ntawm architecture nrog Hollywood zaj duab xis. Kuv nco qab qhov xaus ntawm tsab xov xwm: "Tus dab feem ntau tua nws tus tsim, tab sis qhov kawg muaj kev cia siab: ib tug tub hluas cawm tau lub ntiaj teb los ntawm monsters txawv, thiab ib tug ntxhais zoo nkauj yuav nws." Yog tias 90s yog lub teev ntawm dab, ua li cas koj ntsuas xyoo 2000s?
Nyob rau xyoo 2000s, muaj lub sijhawm muaj lub thaw, muaj tswv yim sib txuas lus thiab mob siab rau. Muaj kev sib tham hauv cov ntawv xov xwm. Muaj qhov kev xav tias peb txhua tus - cov kws ua vaj tsev, cov ua noj ua haus, cov kws sau keeb kwm kev kos duab - tau koom nrog qee yam kev sib tham, sib cav txog cov cwj pwm, hais txog lub nroog yuav tsum zoo li cas. Cov lus sib tham tau zoo, Kuv tau sau qee cov khoom, kos npe rau cov ntawv xov xwm. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws txhua tus tuaj rau tsis muaj tseeb.
Dab tsi tshwm sim hauv xyoo 2010s?
Hauv xyoo 2010, ib xyoo caum ntawm kev tsis muaj kab lis kev cai. Qee lub sij hawm kuv tau mus rau cov rooj sib tham thiab paub tias qhov ib puag ncig ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv, tswj hwm thiab tsim khoom tau dhau los ua kev coj noj coj ua. Nws tseem tsis paub meej tias lawv kawm tiav lub tsev kawm qib siab twg. Kuv piav qhia rau cov neeg siv khoom tias lawv cov neeg tsim qauv ua haujlwm tsis paub, thiab lawv tau teb tias lawv tsis muaj laj thawj tsis ntseeg lawv tus tsim qauv, vim tias cov phiaj xwm ua tiav muag tau zoo. Tsis hnov dab tsi. Nws tsis muaj sijhawm rau kev hloov maj mam thiab kev xav. Kuv yuav tau nyob. Tus qauv tsim muaj tsawg dua ob peb zaug. Tus lej ntawm cov kev txiav txim rau cov tsev ntiav tau poob qis, vim tias koj tuaj yeem yuav qhov npaj npaj hauv is taws nem. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau lub xyoo, Kuv tau tswj hwm tsim thiab tsim ntau lub tsev nyob hauv cov tsev tseem ceeb, ob peb lub tsev nyob thiab kuv lub tsev nyob hauv lub zos.
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zooming 1/5 Villa. 1995 © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/5 Villa. 1995 © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/5 Lub Tsev Lub Zos © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 4/5 Frolov Tsev © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 5/5 Frolov Tsev © Ilya Utkin
Tsis ntev los no, nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, peb tau ua lub tsev hais plaub uas ib txwm muaj. Kuv tsis txawm paub xyov tus neeg yuav khoom yog leej twg. Cov no yog cov chaw khiav dej num hauv tsoomfwv uas sib txuas lus los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm nruab nrab, qee cov thawj tswj hwm. Cov kws ua choj tsis raug caw tuaj koom cov rooj sib tham. Cov nyiaj tau faib rau, nws yuav tsum raug txiav, thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv los tus txauv yuav tsum raug yuam kom them nyiaj Penny. Lawv tau ua txhua yam sai sai thiab nqa lawv mus rau ib qho twg.
Thiab tsis tas, peb nyob qhov twg tam sim no? Lub tswv yim dab tsi ua kom lub tsev architecture? Ib puag ncig? Rov tsim kho dua?
Tam sim no lub architecture tsis yog kev ntseeg. Nws yog nyiaj txiag. Qee lub sij hawm qee qhov kev tawm tswv yim tau muab khi rau hauv nws, zoo li qhov ntawd, vim yog qhov thev naus laus zis, kev tsim vaj tsev tuaj yeem txuag tus neeg. Tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem nyob li qub - kev ua lag luam. Nyob rau lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, architecture ua npau suav ntawm kev hloov tib neeg thiab chaw. Thiab nyob rau yav dhau los centuries nws muaj tag nrho cov tswv yim. Cov tuam tsev hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov tuam tsev feem ntau ua rau tus tswv; Renaissance architects tau tshwm sim los ntawm Platonism, tau txais kev pabcuam los saum ntuj los; Ledoux tsim "kev hais lus" architecture. Tam sim no tus ideological tivthaiv tau ploj lawm.
Cov tuam tsev. "Cov ntseeg nyob tib yam Keeb Kwm Dua Sijhawm Dua"
Koj nkag siab lub tswvyim ntawm lub tuam tsev niaj hnub no li cas? Nws tau ua li cas hauv koj lub tsev?
Kuv tau ntev los xav tsa ib lub tuam tsev, kuv muaj ntau txoj haujlwm. Ib qho uas kuv nkag siab meej: koj tsis tuaj yeem tsim architecture tsuas yog qhov koj xav tau. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim lub tuam tsev zoo li no, uas hauv kev nkag siab ntawm pawg ntseeg thiab kev ua haujlwm pov thawj yuav yog lub tuam tsev. Tsis muaj kev vam meej ib ntus hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov ntseeg. Txhua qhov rov ua dua. Cov ntseeg mus dhau tib zaj dab neeg ntau zaug. Kuv tsis tawm tsam cov tuam tsev niaj hnub no, Kuv nyiam saib cov ntawv xov xwm nrog Catholic cov ntseeg hauv pawg ntseeg. Tadao Ando muaj cov tuam tsev ua vaj tsev zoo nkauj nrog tus ntoo khaub lig. Tab sis cov no tsuas yog ua ke ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Thiab lub tuam tsev uas kuv tab tom yuav yog nws li ib txwm. Nws yog feem ntau nrog kev txiav txim siab liturgical. Nws yuav tsum zoo li lub tuam tsev nyob rau sab nraud thiab sab hauv, tsis zoo li lub tsev tsim khoom lossis cov tsev peeb zeej. Los ntawm morphotype, haum rau qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig - nrog rau teeb, dome lossis tsev pheebsuab. Nws yog qhov zoo txaus siab los saib rau cov khoom lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv tsis pub dhau keeb kwm kev sib tw. Lub tuam tsev keeb kwm keeb kwm yav dhau los muaj ntau haiv neeg zoo li koj tuaj yeem xaiv txhua yam uas koj xav tau, nyob ntawm seb lub tsev nyob qhov twg: hauv nroog lossis hauv lub tshav pob, hauv hav zoov lossis saum toj.
Qhov xwm txheej nrog pawg ntseeg hauv Novodevichy Convent yog qhov zoo siab rau kuv. Nov yog kev rov ua si dua li lub site muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm UNESCO. Nws tau npaj los tsim dua tus kws sau ntawv nyob ntawd. Nws twb tau pom zoo lawm, tab sis nws muab tawm tias nws tsis haum. Tom qab ntawd tus kws kho mob ntawm kev tsim txuj ci siab Andrei Leonidovich Batalov hais kom kuv kos ib qhov project. Lawv qhia nws rau Metropolitan Yuvenaly, nws thawj zaug tsis kam. Thiab tom qab ntawd lub tuam tsev tau zoo siab rau ntawm Igor Alexandrovich Naivald, uas yog ib tus neeg muaj nyiaj siab dawb thiab ua lub tuam tsev. Kuv qhia nws mus rau Metropolitan, thiab txhua yam mus zoo. Lub tuam tsev tab tom ua haujlwm, tab sis tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Hauv qab no yuav tsum muaj lub tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm lub tuam tsev keeb kwm ntawm Kab Npauj Laim ntawm John the Baptist, uas sawv ze ze rau ntawm phab ntsa, thiab tus Fabkis, uas nkag rau hauv Moscow xyoo 1812, xav tias muaj saboteurs sab hauv, thiab nws tau tshuab. Lub tuam tsev tshiab ntau me dua cov keeb kwm ib thiab zoo li qub rau lub qub.
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zooming 1/3 Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Txiav Txim Rau Yauhas tus Muab Neeg Ua Kev Cai Rav Dej ze ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm Novodevichy Convent © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/3 Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Txiav Txim Rau Yauhas tus Muab Neeg Ua Kev Cai Rav Dej ze ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm Novodevichy Convent © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/3 Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Txiav Txim Rau Yauhas tus Muab Neeg Ua Kev Cai Rav Dej Nyob ze ntawm lub Rooj Sib Tham Novodevichy © Ilya Utkin
Kuv tau koom nrog Tikhon Shevkunov kev sib tw rau lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Cov Tub Ntxhais Tshiab nyob hauv Sretensky Monastery raws li kev thov ntawm kuv tus ntxhais yau Maria. Rau ntawm txoj haujlwm, lub tuam tsev yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub tuam tsev keeb kwm. Thiab peculiarity ntawm kuv qhov kev txiav txim siab yog lub tuam tsev sab hauv yam tsis muaj ntsej muag. Tsuas yog cov dome tau pom los ntawm Tsvetnoy Boulevard. Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Tshiab ntawm Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj Tshiab tsuas yog rooj plaub thaum nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau qee yam tsis yog kev coj ua, hauv kev xaiv ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, txij li lub tuam tsev tau mob siab rau cov xwm txheej uas muaj txhua qhov kev ntshai ntawm xyoo dhau los. Muaj ntau ntau txoj haujlwm, tab sis Tikhon Shevkunov thiab Patriarch Kirill tau xaiv …
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zooming 1/3 Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tshiab Martyrs thiab Confessors ntawm Russia hauv Ntshav © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/3 Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tshiab Martyrs thiab Confessors ntawm Russia hauv Ntshav © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/3 Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Tshiab Martyrs thiab Confessors ntawm Russia hauv Ntshav © Ilya Utkin
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tuam tsev keeb kwm tau rhuav pov tseg thiab lub tsev gingerbread, zoo li muaj kuab zoo li cov ntoo Christmas kho kom zoo nkauj, tau tsim.
Rooj nthuav qhia. "Lawv txiav txim siab rau kuv los ntawm depriving kuv ntawm kuv txoj hauj lwm"
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev nthuav qhia hauv koj txoj haujlwm yog li cas? Qhov twg yog qhov tseem ceeb thiab nyiam tshaj plaws?
Cov khoom siv ua yeeb yam yog ib feem ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab nraud. Rau ob xyoo lawm txij li xyoo 1980, peb tau ua cov rooj nthuav qhia thiab teeb duab nrog Brodsky hauv Asmeskas thiab Asmeskas. Yuav kom daws tau qhov chaw, kom qhia qee lub tswv yim, los qhia txog qee yam - qhov no yog ib qho kev teeb tsa ua kev teeb tsa ib txwm muaj. Nws kav ntev heev, tom qab ntawd kuv tau dhuav, tab sis tam sim no kuv tuaj yeem ua kev nthuav qhia nrog kuv qhov muag kaw, yog li kuv nkag siab txhua yam.
Tom qab ntawd tuaj qhov tig ntawm chav tsev khaws khoom qub. Hauv xyoo 1995, kev ua yeeb yam tseem ceeb "Melancholy" coj qhov chaw ntawm Regina Gallery. Nws muaj 100 lub duab ntawm lub tsev pob vau nyob hauv Moscow thiab ib qho kev teeb tsa. Qhov kev txiav txim raug coj ncaj qha tawm tsam tus kav nroog ntawm Luzhkov. Kuv noj qab haus huv tau cuam tshuam tsis zoo los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov ruins, txawm hais tias kuv tau sim nrhiav kev ua kom zoo nkauj hauv lawv. Thaum lub 2000 Venice Biennale, Melancholy tau rov qab ua dua thiab ntxiv, thiab ua tsaug rau nws, chav Lav Xias Lavxias tau txais tshwj xeeb los ntawm pawg neeg pab txiav txim.
Thiab tom qab ntawd Luzhkov Hnub Caiv pib, thaum tsev so "Moscow", "Voentorg" thiab "Detsky Mir" tau rhuav tshem yuav luag ib txhij. Natalya Dushkina tau sau ntau phau ntawv thiab tau pib ua yeeb yam ntawm Lub Tsev Khaws Txuj Ci ntawm Lub Tsev Khaws Txuj Ci ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm 100 hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws tus yawg, kws kes duab vajtse Alexei Dushkin. Kuv daws nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub rooj sib tham loj loj, muab cov loj loj easels nrog ntxuav loj loj, rooj loj heev. Cov vaj tse loj heev tau tsim muaj nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia tau qhov zoo ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse yav dhau los thiab qhia tau tias cov monuments ntawm Soviet lub caij nyoog yuav tsum tsis txhob rhuav tshem.
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zooming 1/5 Kev nthuav qhia ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse A. N. Dushkin ntawm Lub Tsev Khaws Khoom Zoo Nkauj. Shchusev. 2004. © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/5 Kev Ntsuam Xyuas ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse A. N. Dushkin ntawm Lub Tsev Khaws Khoom Qub Uas Muaj Lub Npe Tom Qab A. N. Shchusev. 2004. © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/5 Qhia txog ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse A. N. Dushkin hauv Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Vaj Tsev muaj lub npe tom qab A. N. Shchusev. 2004. © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 4/5 Kev Tso Cai ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse I. F. Milinis hauv Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture. Shchuseva © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 5/5 Kev Tso Cai Nres Tus Kws Ua Vajtse I. F. Milinis hauv Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture. Shchuseva © Ilya Utkin
Lub sijhawm ntawd tau tsim Arkhnadzor. Thiab tus thawj coj ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Tsev Khaws Tawm Tsam, David Sargsyan, nkag siab txog qhov nws muaj zog yog nyob hauv kev tswj hwm Moscow architecture. Muaj ib tsab ntawv los ntawm kev coj noj coj ua mus rau tus thawj tswj hwm txog qhov tsis raug rau kev rhuav tshem monuments. Nikolai Molok muab tso rau hauv Izvestia, peb tau sau kos npe. Thiab tom qab ntawd peb tau "tua" rau qhov no. Lawv tau txiav txim siab rau kuv los ntawm depriving kuv ntawm kuv txoj hauj lwm. Yog li Dushkin tau muaj qhov txuj ci loj thiab txaus ntshai. Nws muaj suab, txhua tus pib hais txog keeb kwm architecture, tiv thaiv qub Moscow. Cov ncauj lus no tau tham txog hauv TV, tus thawj coj hauv lub nroog, Alexander Kuzmin, tau raug hu mus rau cov ntaub pua tsev.
Tom qab ntawd kuv tau ua ib qho kev teeb tsa ntawm kuv tus yawg Wegman, tau luam tawm phau ntawv hais txog nws, hais txog tus kws kes duab vajtse theem ob. Thiab nws muab tawm tias nws nyob hauv thawj kab. Khan-Magomedov tawg rau hauv cov ntawv sau thiab rub lawv txhua qhov tawm, Milinis, Hiddekel, Wegman, thiab Krutikov, tshaj tawm cov phau ntawv hais txog avant-garde. Khan thiab kuv hais lus kawg ntawm nws lub neej. Muaj kuj yog kev nthuav dav txog tus kws kes duab vajtse Markovsky, leej txiv ntawm kuv tus poj niam Elena Markovskaya. Thiab kawg kev tso tawm kom pom zoo rau kuv txiv, kws kes duab vajtse Valentin Utkin. Nws muaj cov xim pleev xim zoo nkauj, Peb tau them tag nrho "Puas Ntsoog" nrog lawv. Muaj txog tsib puas ntawm lawv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv teev cia, ua rau feem ntau hauv xyoo 1960. Dej dej siv los yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom pom kev nthuav dav. Lub koom haum qhia cov dej pleev xim, cov kws ua vaj tsev mus rau saum huab cua qhib pleev xim. Thiab tam sim no xim ntoo dej ua vaj tse raws li kev lig kev cai tau ploj mus.
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zooming 1/4 Kev nthuav qhia "Lub ntiaj teb dej ntawm Valentin Utkin" ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture muaj npe tom qab Shchusev. © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/4 Kev nthuav qhia "Lub ntiaj teb dej ntawm Valentin Utkin" ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture. Shchusev. © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/4 Kev nthuav qhia "Lub ntiaj teb dej ntawm Valentin Utkin" ntawm Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture muaj npe tom qab Shchusev. © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 4/4 Kev nthuav qhia ntawm Valentin Utkin ntawm Lub Tsev Khaws Khoom Zoo Nkauj. © Ilya Utkin
Hauv lub zos. "Kuv lub tswv yim ntawm lub nroog yog ib txwm muaj, keeb kwm"
Qhia txog koj txoj kev nkag siab ntawm lub nroog?
Cov no yog los ntawm qhov tsis tau hais chaw pw, qhov twg skyscrapers zoo li tau tso rau hauv greenery, tab sis greenery yeej tsis ua haujlwm, ntxiv cov skyscrapers tseem tab tom ua. Thiab muaj "lub tawb" uas tsis yooj yim rau vaj tse, xws li hauv cov nroog Suav, qhov chaw txhua qhov chaw nyob yog dawb. Kuv lub tswv yim ntawm lub nroog yog ib txwm, keeb kwm. Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub nroog yog txoj kev thiab plaub fab.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm txoj kev dav rau faadeade qhov siab?
Tshaj ntawm tib txoj kev, tsev qis. Tom qab ntawd lawv tig los ua cov khoom kim thiab cov khoom ntiag tug. Lub tsev me me, qhov kim nws yuav tsum tau ua, vim tias ib tug neeg saib xyuas lub ntsej muag ntawm ib qho chaw deb. Cov kws tsim qauv xav tau nkag siab qhov teev ntawm qhov kev nthuav dav. Kuv qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog lub nroog classic, tsis yog tsim kho. Kuv lub hom phiaj tsis yog engineering kev hlub ntawm Corbusier, tab sis kev hlub ntawm kev zoo nkauj thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws no yog embodied, ua ntej ntawm txhua yam, hauv Kadashevskaya Sloboda ua tiav - qhov ib txwm nyob qis nroog lub nroog lub hlis nrog keeb kwm Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Kev Sawv Rov Los ntawm Khetos.
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zooming 1/9 Chaw Nyob Thaj Chaw "Patron" hauv Kadashi Yees duab © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/9 Thaj Chaw hauv cov nyom "Patron" hauv Kadashi Yees duab © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/9 Thaj Chaw hauv cov nyom "Patron" hauv Kadashi Yees duab © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 4/9 Thaj Chaw "Patron" hauv Kadashi Yees Duab © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 5/9 Thaj Chaw "Patron" hauv Kadashi Yees Duab © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 6/9 Thaj Chaw "Patron" hauv Kadashi Yees Duab © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 7/9 Thaj Chaw hauv lub tsev "Patron" hauv Kadashi Yees duab © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 8/9 Thaj Chaw "Patron" hauv Kadashi Yees Duab © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 9/9 3D saib. Thaj thaj "Patron" hauv Kadashi © Utkin Studio
Yog tias ib tus neeg tsim khoom pub rau koj los ua lub tuam tsev tuam, koj yuav ua li cas?
Kuv tau muaj qhov project hauv lub sijhawm xyoo 1990, nyob rau Alekseevskaya: lub tsev roob, roob hav, tsis muaj daim ntawv lav, yooj yim cib ntsa, thiab nyob rau sab saum toj yog Acropolis.
Thiab yog tias koj tab tom tsim lub nroog hauv thaj chaw qhib, nws yuav muaj lub tsev zoo li cas?
Tus qauv yuav sawv cev ib txwm: txoj kev - xwm fab xwm meem. Lub tsev loj yog twj ywm, tom qab. Qhov tseem ceeb yog hais txog kev tswj hwm thiab thaj chaw kab lis kev cai thiab lwm lub tsev sawv cev. Cov kev xav, cov nyom, cov tiaj ua si, txhua yam raws li nws yuav tsum. Thaum muaj pob tawg hauv kev txhim kho Rublevka, Kuv tau ua cov haujlwm rau cov zos. Ib ntawm lawv, nyob ntawm koog pov txwv Pyalovskoye, zoo li lub dav hlau hauv txoj kev npaj. Cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj rau kuv nrog txoj haujlwm ua tiav ntawm monstrous high-sawv cov tuam tsev. Kuv tau muab rau lawv qhov chaw nyob qis qis ntawm thaj chaw, txawm tias ib thiab ib nrab npaug loj dua.
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zooming 1/5 Peb tes num ntawm lub zos ntawm Pyalovskoye lub pas dej © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 2/5 Lub Phiaj xwm ntawm lub zos rau ntawm Pyalovskoye lub pas dej © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 3/5 Lub Phiaj xwm ntawm lub zos rau ntawm Pyalovskoye lub pas dej © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 4/5 Lub Phiaj xwm ntawm lub zos rau ntawm Pyalovskoye lub pas dej © Ilya Utkin
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zooming 5/5 Lub Phiaj xwm ntawm lub zos rau ntawm Pyalovskoye lub pas dej © Ilya Utkin
Vim li cas cov neeg txhim kho tsis mus rau kev tsim kho tshiab? Vim tias tus nqi ntawm tes hauj lwm?
Architecture yog cov khoom lag luam tawm! Txhua lub penny suav hauv nws. Tsis tas yuav xav txog lub tuam tsev siab: muab cov pawg pua hauv thiab nce siab saum toj siab hauv tsev. Nws yog ib puas npaug pheej yig dua thiab yooj yim dua los sib tham. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov pej xeem hauv cov yees no tau los ua neeg nrog lub siab ntsws, uas tsis nkag siab vim li cas lawv muaj kev ntxhov siab. Thiab lub nroog no tsoo hauv qhov loj me thiab ugliness.
Hauv tsab xov xwm "Creative credo" koj sib txawv rau Venice Architecture Biennale yog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm globalism rau lub nroog zoo nkauj ntawm Venice. Qhov tseeb, tus kws saib xyuas Fuksas cov lus qhia "tsis tshua zoo nkauj, ntau qhov kev coj ua" zoo li yog khoom cuav. Koj sau: “Venice nws tus kheej muab cov lus teb rau cov lus nug. Cov qauv hauv nroog tau tsim ntau pua xyoo dhau los, dhau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev hlub ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog. Kev hlub yog kev ncaj ncees, kev zoo nkauj yog qhov zoo nkauj. Ua ke lawv ua lub hauv paus ntawm tib neeg kev kos duab. Lub cav thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb architecture ntawm niaj hnub globalism yog yooj yim devilishly - nws nug tus ntsuj plig rau satiety thiab kev nplij siab. " Thov piav qhia koj lub ntsiab lus
Cov neeg tseem ceeb thoob ntiaj teb tsis yog cov dab neeg tua cov nroog hauv keeb kwm, rhuav tshem qhov xwm, ua rau tib neeg lub siab tsis ncaj. Cov no yog kuaj neeg uas xav tau kev pov thawj rau lawv cov kev ua ub no. Yog li lawv tuaj nrog "tswvyim" sib txawv xws li Fuksas cov lus tias; los yog tias kuv tsis nyiam Eiffel Tower thaum xub thawj, thiab tom qab ntawd kuv nyiam nws; lossis tias lub nroog yuav tsum txhim kho txhua lub sijhawm; lossis - ntau zaus - tias tsis muaj lub xov tooj ntawm tes ua ntej, tab sis tam sim no lawv.
Thaum kuv muaj ib qho kev ua yeeb yam hauv lub nroog Venice xyoo 2000, cov txiv neej thiab cov ntxhais tau ua haujlwm nyob rau ntawd, txhua tus muaj kev lom zem thiab zoo siab. Kuv nug tias: "Vim li cas koj thiaj li xav zoo ua luaj?" Nkawd xav tias: "Dej nyab, muaj tsis tau tsheb, muaj ib lub nkoj dai." Kuv hais: “Fools, ntawm no architecture muaj cov nyhuv rau koj. Vim li cas koj thiaj li zoo siab."
Puas yog koj xav kawm txog avant-garde ua haujlwm ntawm Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws cov npoj yaig-lub caij nyoog? Puas lom zem? Leej twg kiag koj saib hauv Russia thiab txawv teb chaws?
Yuav tsum ncaj ncees, Kuv tau nres saib xov xwm nthuav xov xwm, vim tias kuv pom qhov rov ua dua tas li uas kuv tau dhau los, thiab yog tias muaj qee yam ua rau tsis txaus siab, nws ua rau tsis zoo siab. Nov yog tus kabmob muaj kab mob: nrog lub hnub nyoog, Kuv paub txog qhov pom ntawm architecture. Tsis ntev los no, Kuv tau pamper kuv tus kheej nrog kev xav txog qhov sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov av toj roob hauv pes..
Kev nqes mus rau lo lus nug no, Kuv tsis vam tias yuav tau txais lus teb, txawm li cas los xij. Qhov twg ntawm cov kws tsim qauv tshiab tam sim no ntawm cov kev coj ua tsoos koj xav tias yuav zoo li cov neeg zoo li los sis, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tawm tsam? Vim li cas, hauv koj lub tswv yim, Lavxias neoclassicists tsis koom siab, tsis zoo li Western, tsis tsim cov tsev kawm ntawv kev kawm, thiab tsis tshua muaj kev koom tes hauv kev sib tw loj hauv architectural?
Kev sib sau ua ke tsis zoo li, tus masters sib txawv, nrog lawv tus kheej predilections. Hauv Lavxias, qhov tseeb tau sib txawv, thiab lub sijhawm sib txawv: kev ua haujlwm muaj tswv yim tau txo nqi thiab hau qis rau kev siv computer pom, uas tuaj yeem ua los ntawm ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv. Muaj ntau ntau tus kws kes duab vajtse uas nkag siab cov classics thiab paub tias yuav tsim nws li cas. Yog, peb yuav koom nrog kev sib tw, tsuas yog peb tsis raug caw. Lub ntsiab tam sim no ntawm architecture tam sim no gravitates rau ib hom kev ua tawm, qhia nyob rau hauv square km ntawm thaj chaw thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Lub vajvoog tam sim no tam sim no twb tau tsim los ntawm kev tsim kho bureaucracy uas twb muaj lawm, nws yog tus nws xaiv thiab sau nws qhov teeb meem hauv khw no. Yog li yog tias koj muaj hmoo thiab tswj kom ua qee yam hauv lub tiaj nraum qaum tsev, nws yuav txawv thiab nws kim heev.
