Moscow Architecture Biennale yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev nthuav dav tsis tu ncua ntawm Arch ntawm Moscow, uas tau mus rau ob xyoos nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm curator Bart Goldhorn, tus tsim ntawm Project Russia cov ntawv xov xwm, paub zoo ntawm cov kws tshaj lij. Xyoo tas los, qhov kev nthuav tawm tau mus dhau Lub Tsev Nruab Nrab ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm thiab hloov mus ua ib qho kev lom zem rau thaj chaw hauv nroog. Nov yog qhov twg qhov kev ua koob tsheej loj zuj zus mus rau hauv biennale. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Biennale yog vaj tsev nyob.
Ob peb nplooj ntawv hauv phau ntawv me nrog qhov kev pab cuam ntawm Biennale tau khiab los ntawm ntau qhov ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, thiab nws tsis nyob hauv qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, vim hais tias nws nyuaj nkag siab txog cov qauv ntawm cov khoom pov thawj. Biennale muaj, piv txwv li, peb lub tsev pheeb suab - thoob ntiaj teb, Lavxias thiab Moscow tus tswv tsev - tab sis Lavxias ib tus tau tawg nyob thoob ob qhov chaw (peb qhov chaw ua yeeb yam hauv Central House of Artists thiab peb nyob hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture), thoob ntiaj teb feem ntau nyob ntawm txoj kev hauv qab tsev ntawm Lub Tsev Nruab Nrab ntawm Nruab Nrab Kws Tshaj Lij, thiab Moscow ib qho yog tom ntej no, hauv chav cuab Tretyakov Gallery. Nws yog qhov nyuaj dua rau xav txog qhov kev pab cuam no nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm pavilions - yog li ntawd, tus qauv ntawm biennale, ua tib zoo pleev xim los ntawm taw tes, zoo li yog cov phiaj xwm forcibly superimposed nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm kab xwm ntawm qhov tseeb thiab lawv cov kev teeb tsa. Thiab yog li ntawd nws yooj yim dua los qhia leej twg qhia dab tsi thiab qhov twg.
Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm Biennale yog, ntawm chav kawm, Arch Moscow, uas tau tshwm sim nyob hauv Lub Tsev Nruab Nruab Nruab Nrab ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam. Lub rooj nthuav dav no yog tus paub, paub zoo thiab zoo li txuas ntxiv ntawm xyoo tas los. Nyob rau hauv av hauv av, zoo li xyoo tas los, muaj Archcatalogue, uas xyoo no tau dhau los ua kom muaj kev sib txuam, muaj kuab thiab tsis tu ncua, tab sis tau poob qis hauv ntim. Hauv qhov no, qhov no txhais tau tias kev xaiv stricter - lub sijhawm no lub rooj nthuav dav ntawm "phau ntawv teev npe" tau yooj yim dua thiab yooj yim saib. Txhua tus kws kes duab vajtse uas tuaj koom qhia txog ib txoj haujlwm hauv ib lub nroog thaiv (muaj txog 20 leej thiab lawv tau raug xaiv los ntawm tus kws saib xyuas raws li kev sib tw). Muaj Sergey Choban thiab Sergey Skuratov, Project Meganom thiab Vladimir Plotkin … Muaj neeg txawv tebchaws - Eric Van Egeraat thiab Marie O'Lira. Nws yog qhov tsis txaus siab tias Meganom thiab Skuratov, piv txwv, pom cov phiaj xwm uas tau koom nrog ib txoj kev sib tw kaw, thiab yog li txhais cov thaj chaw qub - peb lub hlis twg hauv Kiev, tom ntej ntawm Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
Lub tsev thib ob hauv Tsev Nruab Nrab ntawm Cov Kws Ua Yeeb Yam tau muab rau kev nthuav tawm kev lag luam, uas yog, cov nyiaj tau sawv ntsug thiab muab faib kwv yees li ib nrab nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov sawv ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse thiab cov tuam txhab muab cov khoom zoo nkauj sib txawv. Cov kws ua qauv sawv cev tsuas yog los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab saib thiab cov qauv ntawm plaub hom loj - los ntawm kev pom ntawm yas, los ntawm ntoo, los ntawm tooj thiab xeb. Tsawg zaus - duab. Txhua yam zoo li saib taus thiab muaj nqis. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov koom sib koom ua ke tau paub, thiab rov ua dua xyoo tas los ib qho nrog kev hloov kho me. Ntxiv mus, ntau cov khoom pov thawj hauv tib qho chaw - piv txwv li, ntawm lub hauv paus "hla kev" sib ntsib Sergei Skuratov, Boris Uborevich-Borovsky thiab Timur Bashkaev. Ib qho me ntsis txuas ntxiv mus, thiab tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw qub - Vlad Savinkin thiab Vladimir Kuzmin thiab, raws li ib txwm muaj, nrog cov khoom zoo siab, lub sijhawm no hauv daim ntawv ntawm "koojtis" dawb dai rau cov neeg tuaj saib. Muaj tseeb, qhov khoom siv los ntawm tib cov kws ua choj ntawm tib qhov chaw xyoo tas los yog pheej yig dua (ua npuas ncauj), tab sis ntau cov khoom tawv. Tam sim no lawv muaj kev koom tes: ib qho qauv tooj dag uas tsim nyog, ib tus neeg soj ntsuam loj, ib qho muaj kuab zoo nkauj xeb xeb - tab sis qhov sawv ntsug cais ua plaub yam.
Bureau "Atrium" ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tsis yooj yim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws qhov chaw sawv ntsug kom phim daim duab zoo li qub nyob ntawm phab ntsa nrog ib qho kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus saib - tsim kom muaj lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov project graphics "los rau lub neej" ua ntej peb lub qhov muag. Ncaj nraim ncaj qha, ADM studio tau tsim txoj hauv kev zoo "ntawm txoj kev" ntawm plaub tus qauv ntoo. Nyob ze, Vissarionov tus qauv PTAM tau ci nrog cov npoo ntawm cov yas pob tshab. Hauv cov chav tom ntej no, qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog qhov sawv ntawm Hadi Tehrani, qhov twg luminous qauv tau muab tso rau ntawm cov ci ntsa iab dawb macs - "Martian domes" rau thaj tsam Poklonnaya Gora thiab lub voos xwm txheej ntau rau thaj tsam Profsoyuznaya.
Kws kes duab vajtse sawv sab hauv chaw ua lag luam tso saib tsis muaj neeg saib kho siab dua. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv, lawv pom tsis zoo thiab kim. Lawv yog cov zoo ib yam thiab mob siab rau. Tej zaum qhov no yog hloov kho kom raug thiab muaj kuab? Thaum xub thawj, sawv nrog cov khoom tsim tau hloov los ntawm qhov tsis yog lag luam, tam sim no architecture tau rov nyem lawv tawm "ntawm sab hauv"?
Hauv pem teb thib peb tau muab faib dua ntxiv - nruab nrab ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo nkauj sawv thiab cov khoom pov thawj ntawm qhov tsis ua lag luam. Ntawm lawv - kev nthuav dav ntawm "kws ua vaj tsev xyoo", Rhiav "Sergei Kiselev thiab cov koom tes". Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom pom nws, tab sis daim ntawv qhia no tau txais cov chav nyob ntev heev. Nws tau dai rau ntawm txhua sab nrog daim ntaub dub, thiab ntawm phab ntsa kawg koj tuaj yeem pom lub projection ntawm lub tuam txhab lub vev xaib hloov tshiab.
Yog li, Arch Moscow zoo heev rau xyoo tas los thiab ua kom pom kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev saib xyuas zoo. Piav qhia txog qhov tsis yog kev lag luam yog qhov nyuaj me ntsis - ntawm no tus qauv ib txwm sib cuam tshuam nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm biennale teem los ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas. Qhov chaw lawv "tau txais mus rau qhov kev kawm", qhov chaw lawv nyob ntawm lawv tus kheej. Ntawm cov tom kawg yog cov chaw ua yeeb yam me me "Moskulprog" (ntawm hauv av thib ob rov qab rau lub qhov rais), uas tsis tau muab tso nrog hauv qhov kev pab cuam, txawm hais tias sib nrug ntawm kev nthuav tawm "Moskulprog" tuav ib qho kev qhuab qhia kaw thiab ib qho qhib taug kev ntawm Arch Moscow. Hauv pem teb thib peb, cov qauv ntawm cov kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg sib tw ntawm "Lub Tsev ntawm Tus Kheej" yog ntsuab nrog ntxhuab, thiab nyob ib sab ntawm lawv yog cov phiaj xwm ntawm "Nau-as Arks", uas yuav ntab rau lub hli Lub Xya Hli raws ntawm Ugra River los ntawm lub zos ntawm Nikolo-Lenivets. Lub nkoj tau nthuav tawm zoo heev thiab muaj ntau yam - muaj plaub lub tsev sib txawv xim tau dai rau ntawm daim ntawv yas uas piav qhia txog dej ntws, thiab cov npe ntawm ntau qhov dej qeeg - mini-dej nyab - raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qab nthab, thiab lwm qhov, qee qhov dej nyab uas tsis paub kawg yog npaj rau saum phab ntsa. Nyob ze, hauv ob txoj kev ntawm Lub Nroog ntawm Lub Suab Qhia, cov neeg tsim qauv tsim qauv pleev xim txawv cov tsev sib txawv ntawm cov tog raj thiab nraub qaum ntawm cov ntxhais nyob.
Lub Nroog Shrinking (tseem nyob hauv chav tsev thib peb) yog qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam uas tsis yog kev lag luam ntawm Lub Tsev Nruab Nrab ntawm Cov Kws Ua Yeeb Yam. Nws qhia cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb thoob ntiaj teb uas pib xyoo 2002 hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees. Cov duab kos duab kos duab thiab kos duab ua ke nrog cov duab ua haujlwm ntawm ib nrab-tso tseg kev cob qhia ntawm Puchezhsky Flax Mill, tawg tsam ntawm cov khoom tsis huv hauv nroog Ivanovo thiab Kineshma, nrog rau "ua kom pom kev meadows" - lub nroog tsis tiav ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees uas tsis koom ua ke, uas tau tso tseg ntawm cov khoom siv theem.
Qhov tseem ceeb, hais tawm tsis tu ncua "tseem ceeb" ib feem ntawm Biennale tau raug tshem tawm ntawm phab ntsa ntawm Lub Tsev Nruab Nrab ntawm Cov Kws Ua Yeeb Yam. Xyoo no muaj ntau yam ntawm nws, nws yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj suab muaj zog uas ua rau pom qhov txawv ntawm Biennale thiab lub koob tsheej. Nws tuaj yeem faib ua peb qhov sib txawv, uas sib thooj rau tib qho "pavilions".
Qhov no - hauv kev nkag siab ntawm lub ntsiab - ib feem ntawm Biennale teb lub ntsiab lus muab "Yuav ua li cas nyob". Hauv Lavxias, cov lus taw qhia zoo li tsis meej, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws zoo nkauj heev piv nrog lub teb chaws cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov vaj tsev pheej yig. Cov ntawv Askiv txhais lus 'Txoj kev nyob' yog paradoxically pom tseeb dua, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, muaj kev sib haum xeeb nrog dab tsi tshwm sim. Vim tias kev nthuav qhia pom cov qauv sib txawv, yuav luag sib luag hauv cov ntsuj plig mus kom ze-txoj hauv kev, zoo li lub hom phiaj txhim kho ib qho teeb meem.
Bart Goldhorn tau coj 15 tus neeg ua haujlwm sib tw mus rau sab thoob ntiaj teb, xaiv cov uas tsim tsev nyob pheej yig. Tag nrho cov no tsis yog hnub qub, thiab lawv tsis paub ntau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Qhov tseeb, tus neeg saib xyuas tau txhim tsa ntawm Biennale lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Western kev paub hauv kev tsim kho vaj tse - ob qho tib si vaj tsev thiab vaj tsev rau "chav kawm theem nrab". Ntawd yog, tsis yog khoom kim heev, tab sis pragmatic architecture.
Cov tswv yim no, tsim nyog hwm txhua tus, ua rau muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm sab qaum teb colonnade ntawm Central House of Artists. Lub rooj nthuav qhia zoo li lub tsev qiv ntawv zoo - cov neeg uas nyob hauv Parisian lub tsev qiv ntawv Dominique Perrault yuav pom tias muaj qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov chav nruab nrab ntawm nws chav thiab dab tsi tam sim no nyob hauv qab lub tsev colonnade. Txawm hais tias koj yeej tsis paub cov tsev qiv ntawv. Qhov zoo sib xws yog tiag tiag txhob txwm - kev txiav txim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov zaub-ntxhuav pib nrog kev pov ntawm phau ntawv uas qhov teeb tsa ntawm lub block yog hoisted. Ntxiv mus - cov kab ntawm cov ntxhuav, nruab nrab uas koj tuaj yeem taug kev thiab saib ntawm ntau daim duab me. Nkag siab yuav tsum muaj kev siv zog, thiab txawm tias muaj haujlwm ntau. Hauv lwm lo lus, muaj lub siab xav kawm.
Qhov kev nthuav dav no tau sib koom ua ke los ntawm kev tsim qauv zoo sib xws ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Madrid thiab kev nyuaj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Lub Nroog.
Ntu thib ob ntawm tib lub tswv yim yog cov lus qhuab qhia los ntawm cov kws ua qauv qub uas tau sawv cev hauv tsev qiv ntawv. Hnub Tuesday, nyob rau hnub qhib, ob kab lus qhuab qhia twb tau ua tiav qhov chaw. Txhua tus kws ua qauv kos npe xaiv los ntawm tus kws saib xyuas sablaj yuav tham txog tias nws txhim tsa tsev. Peb cia siab tias yuav sau cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia no, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus dav dav - lub tswv yim zoo nkaus li khoom thiab pretentious. Koj muaj peev xwm mus rau lub “tsev qiv ntawv” rau “txoj kev kawm” - thiab koj tuaj yeem mus rau ib qho kev qhuab qhia. Txawm tias tsim nyog, raws li txoj cai, cov tub ntxhais kawm raug qhia kom ua ob qho tib si. Qhov tsuas yog kev tu siab yog tias thaum thawj zaug qhuab qhia, ob feem peb ntawm chav tsev tau khoob. Hais ncaj ncaj, txawm hais tias yog ib qho kev khuv xim, vim tias nws yuav nyuaj heev kom rov hais dua qhov kev txiav ntawm txoj haujlwm tshaj lij. Yog li, tus kws tshaj lij Bart Goldhorn tau txhim kho nws lub ntsiab lus - hauv "archcatalogue" nws acquaints cov neeg tuaj saib nrog cov phiaj xwm ntawm thaj chaw nyob tsim rau Russia, thiab hauv cov kev qhia ntawv thiab "tsev qiv ntawv" nws qhia Western kev paub.
Xyoo no, thawj thawj zaug, Tretyakov Gallery ntawm Krymsky Val koom nrog hauv qhov chaw ua yeeb yam. Ntu ntawm ntu no yuav tsum raug lees paub tias yog qhov kev sib cav hnyav tshaj plaws. Nws tsis zoo, zoo, kiag li tsis haum rau hauv kev sib dhos ntawm cov kev ua yeeb yam li ib txwm, txawm hais tias kev sim tau "ua kom zoo siab" kev nthuav tawm ntawm 2025 Kev Tshawb Nrhiav Gradplan. Raws li cov kev sim no, lub chaw tos txais ntawm Lub Xeev Tretyakov Gallery tau adorned nrog plaub, yog tias kuv yuav hais li ntawd, kev teeb tsa, thaj tsim los cuam tshuam rau lub siab ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas tuaj mus ua yeeb yam nrog lawv niam thiab txiv. Cov thoob khib nyiab muab tso rau ntawm cov nyom ntsuab yas nyom, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib yam haus luam yeeb thiab tib lub sijhawm - cov paj yas nrog lub qhov muag ntawm qhov kawg loj hlob los ntawm qhov ntawd, thiab tom qab ntawd ntau cov khoom ua si tsheb "khiav hla" loj (lub neej-loj) tsheb teeb. Cov teeb liab liab tau swb, thiab tau taws nrog txhua qhov peb xim ib zaug, uas qhia tau tias lawv tsis tau tawg tag. Cov kev teeb tsa zoo no tau puag ncig los ntawm ntau qhov kev ua txhaum loj heev, uas twb tau pom dua lawm thaum lub sijhawm sib tham, thiab tau tsim los qhia txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm kev txhim kho lub nroog phiaj xwm. Ntau cov qauv raug muab zais tom qab cov txheej txheem, txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ib (los ntawm lub tsev ntawm Brestskaya) tsis nyob ntawm no, tab sis nyob rau hauv kaum tsev muaj cov qauv ntawm kev tsim kho Tsaritsyn. Leej twg yuav tau xav tias ib qho twg nyob ze ntawm Arch Moscow lawv yuav ua rau pom Tsaritsyno tshiab? Uas yog tib yam.
Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, khiav ntawm, kuj hais lus, sab qaum teb thiab yav qab teb ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub tsev pheebsuab ntawm Crimean, koj tuaj yeem poob rau hauv lub ntsej muag - lawv txawv heev uas lawv muaj qis heev East-West. Txawm hais tias nws zoo li muaj meej vim li cas. Cov ncauj lus ntawm cov tsev pheej yig yog yam tsis yog tsuas yog ua cov kws kes duab vajtse, nws cuam tshuam rau ntau yam. Thiab peb yuav tsum qee qhov kev daws teeb meem nyob mus ib txhis, nws yog lub sijhawm twb dhau los, thiab muaj kev paub txog Western hauv kev tsim kho cov tsev zoo ntawm cov nqi (tsis yog vwm). Thiab muaj lub phiaj xwm hauv teb chaws uas tib neeg tau cog lus tias yuav muaj vaj tsev nyob, thiab muaj phiaj xwm hauv nroog, uas kuj yog rau cov neeg. Ntxiv mus, lawv nyuam qhuav ua tiav nws thiab xav tau kev nthuav qhia, lawv tau mus tuav nws hauv Manege, tab sis nws tig mus ua hauv Xeev Tretyakov Gallery ua ib feem ntawm Biennale. Tab sis yuav ua li cas coj txawv txawv nws txhua yam zoo ua ke. Cov no yog txoj kev ua neej nyob tiag. Tom qab pom yuav ua li cas tsib chav tsev ntawm 1960 tau raug tsim kho dua tshiab hauv Switzerland thiab qhov lawv tau sib sau ua ke ntawm no - txawm tias yog sab hauv, koj tam sim ntawd hnov qhov txawv. Thiab koj pom ob txoj kev, lossis tseem muaj ntau txoj hauv kev, tab sis lawv mus rau lwm qhov tsis sib xws. Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum lawv tsis diverge, tej zaum tam sim no txhua tus yuav nyob hauv kev sib raug zoo.
Thiab ib qho ntxiv meej. Tag nrho cov muaj mob loj heev (cov teeb liab kooky tsheb tsis suav nrog). Qhov no suav nrog kev ua lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig thiab kev ua lag luam / kos duab kos duab ua yeeb yam, Bart Goldhorn tus "tsev qiv ntawv ntse", uas yog bureaucratic (albeit zoo heev) lub nroog phiaj xwm. Txhua tus neeg xav, ua haujlwm, txhua tus neeg tsom. Tsis txaus nruab. Tej zaum lawv qhov tsis tuaj ntawm Krymsky Val tsim nyog them rau "Persimfans" hauv Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture - ib qho kev ua yeeb yam ntawm kaum ob Lavxias kws ua vaj tsev, qhov twg tsuas yog lub npe tseem nyob ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas? Peb yuav qhia sai sai no rau koj ntxiv txog cov khoom ua pov thawj hauv Cov Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Tuam Tsev (muaj tsuas yog peb ntawm lawv, ob qhov twb qhib lawm, qhov peb yuav qhib rau lub Rau Hli 5).
