Sustainability Index - Nyob Hauv Ntau Haiv Neeg

Sustainability Index - Nyob Hauv Ntau Haiv Neeg
Sustainability Index - Nyob Hauv Ntau Haiv Neeg

Video: Sustainability Index - Nyob Hauv Ntau Haiv Neeg

Video: Sustainability Index - Nyob Hauv Ntau Haiv Neeg
Video: Lecture 25 - Introduction to Sustainable Development and Sustainability Indicators - Part 1 2024, Tej zaum
Anonim

Tej zaum, qhov kawg ntawm nws txoj haujlwm, "Zodchestvo-2009" ua rau txhua leej txhua tus txaus siab txawm tias ntau dua thaum qhib. Kev caw ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm cov duab, suav nrog lub logo, dawb lub voos xwm txheej tsis siv ntawm cov kab txaij sib txawv - txhua qhov no ploj mus rau tom qab thaum nws paub tseeb tias txij xyoo no Zodchestvo npaj siab muab txhua yam cov khoom uas tau dhau los xaiv thawj qhov kev txiav txim siab nrog lawv cov ntawv sau npe ntawm ntau yam txiaj ntsig. Yog li, xyoo 2009 lub tsiab peb caug tau txais ntau li 17 leej. Qhov no puas yog qhov pov thawj hnyav tshaj plaws uas, txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem kev khwv nyiaj txiag, Lavxias architecture tseem txuas ntxiv tsis yog muaj, tab sis kuj tsim? Yog tias tus kws saib xyuas haujlwm Yuri Avvakumov xav tau los tshawb nrhiav qee yam khoom siv ntawm Qhov Kev Ntsuam Xyuas (Sustainability Index), tomqab ntawd, kab tias, 17 txoj haujlwm sib tw yeej zoo tagnrho rau lub luag haujlwm no.

Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm thiab qhov loj, nws tseem yog qhov tsis paub meej tias qhov kev txiav txim siab "muab khoom plig rau txhua tus" yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tswvyim yav dhau los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam tshiab lossis qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis tu ncua. Ntawm qhov khoom plig qhuas, tus thawj coj ntawm pawg saib xyuas, Sergei Kiselev tau lees tias cov khoom sib txawv dhau los siv rau txhua tus daim ntawv pov npav - ob qho tib si hais txog lawv cov haujlwm thiab thaj chaw, thiab hais txog kev tsim qauv kos duab. Piv txwv li, cov tub ntxhais ua yeeb yam, chaw ua lag luam thiab cov chaw nres tsheb sab hauv ntawm chaw nres tsheb metro tau sib tw rau "Nyiaj" hauv Ntu "Vaj Tsev", hauv "Cov Haujlwm" hauv phiaj xwm hauv nroog, cov tsev lag luam ntiag tug thiab cov chaw ua yeeb yam loj tau sib ntsib hauv ib qho. kev xaiv tsa. Thiab txawm hais tias Zodchestvo ib txwm xav tsis thoob txog qhov kev sib txawv muaj peev xwm ua tau li cas thaum kawg ntawm qhov no lossis qhov kev sib tw, thawj thawj zaug nws txiav txim siab los ua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb thiab tsis mob tshaj plaws, muab cov khoom tsis sib xws rau ib txoj haujlwm ua ntau yam typologies ntawm Lavxias architecture tag nrho.

Yog li, pawg neeg tswj hwm yuav tsum tau tsim cov qauv nruj dua ntxiv rau kev ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub tsev tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm los xaiv tus yeej tseem ceeb ntawm Zodchestvo-2009, tus tswv ntawm Crystal Daedalus. Qhov tseeb, muaj peb tus neeg thov rau qhov puav pheej tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua koob tsheej - "Danilovsky Fort" los ntawm Sergei Skuratov, Evgeny Gerasimov tsev so ntawm Ostrovsky Square hauv St. Petersburg thiab tsev kawm ntawv No. 1414 nrog kev qhia tob ntawm lus Askiv ntawm txoj kev. Ntawm Soviet Army hauv Moscow, tsim los ntawm JSC "ARST" (tus thawj coj - K. M. Konovaltsev, GAP - O. K. Konovaltsev, kws kes duab vajtse - O. Tishchenko, tus tsim qauv - A. Rubinstein).

Thawj ob yam yog paub ntau yam uas peb paub zoo. "Danilovsky Fort" yog hom quintessence ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim ntawm Sergei Skuratov: cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm thiab cov khoom siv ntau ntawm cov yas, qhov nyuaj ntawm lub qhov rais atherosclerosis thiab ntau yam ntawm cov kev ntxhib los mos cib, consoles nrog tsuas iav qhov rais thiab lub tshav puam tau teem ntawm ib lub stylobate. Hauv kev lag luam ntawm Evgeny Gerasimov ua haujlwm, lub tsev so ntawm Ostrovsky Square zoo li tsis muaj ntau yam ntuj tso: nws tau tsim hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm sab qaum teb peev, mus rau sab laug ntawm lub npe nrov Alexandrinka, thiab rau tus kws kes duab vajtse ua lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb rau "tau rau hauv daim tawv nqaij "ntawm St. Petersburg keeb kwm. Pawg txiav txim ntawm Zodchestvo-2009, los ntawm txoj kev, cais nws ua tsaug rau qhov no: “kws kes duab vajtse ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho tshiab tau coj mus rau St. Petersburg thiab tsim lub tsev uas hais txog nws qhov keeb kwm keeb kwm,” nyeem txog kev txiav txim siab muab nqi zog tsev so ua Tsev Golden Diploma ".

Thiab yog tias "Danilovsky Fort" thiab Gerasimov lub tsev tau raug luam tawm dua nyob rau hauv kev tshaj xov xwm tshaj lij thiab ntau dua ib zaug lawv tau txais kev tshaj lij duab yees, ces Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv No. 1414 ntawm Soviet Army Street yog ib qho khoom siv tau qhib rau pej xeem los ntawm Zodchestvo. Txog kev sib raug zoo nrog lub tsev kawm ntawv, cov tswvcuab ntawm lub rooj txiav txim siab txawm mus ua kev taug kev mus rau nws thiab vim tias ua li cas nws cov chaw sab hauv tau npaj thiab lub ntsej muag sib xyaw tau daws (thiab lawv yog cov dav hlau dawb, uas tau tsim los ntawm qhov loj- nplai glazed qhov chaw thiab caws pliav ntsiab ntawm "Suprematist" décor), tau zoo siab kiag li. Tsis ntseeg, tsis tau muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv twg uas muaj cov cwm pwm ci ntsa iab hauv Moscow, thiab nws zoo li tias yeej rau qhov khoom no tsis yog los ntawm cov teeb meem kev tsim vaj tsev xws li, tab sis los ntawm nws cov kev sib xyaw nrog cov typology. Txawm hais tias ib tus tuaj yeem hais li cas, cov chaw lag luam thiab tsev so, suav nrog cov neeg ua tau zoo los ntawm qhov pom ntawm architecture, tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm ntau dua li ntau lub tsev kawm. Pawg neeg pab txiav txim, txawm li cas los xij, tsis tau hais ib lo lus txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lawv cov kev xaiv, hais tias Daedalus tau txais txiaj ntsig rau "qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kos duab hauv txhua qhov kev tshwm sim." Thiab Sergei Kiselev txawm qhia tias txhua tus neeg tam sim no yuav tsum mus rau lub tsev kawm # 1414 rau kev taug kev txhawm rau kom "muaj kev paub txog kev xyiv fab."

Kev suav hais tias yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev sib tw, "Danilovsky Fort", yog li, tau muab tsuas yog "Golden Diploma" "Zodchestvo-2009". Nws tau nyob rau ntawm cov vaj tsev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm ob lub xyoo dhau los rau "dhau ntawm cov xeeb ceem duab geometry thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov lus yas." Lwm yam khoom ntawm Sergei Skuratov - lub chaw ua lag luam Barkli-Plaza - tau txais Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Ua Haujlwm Nyiaj Txiag, thiab cov pawg neeg txiav txim tsis zais qhov tseeb uas lawv xav tau ntev heev uas ntawm qhov nyuaj yuav tsum tau txais "kub" thiab qhov twg - " nyiaj ", vim tias lawv tsis muaj kev kawm siab rau ib leeg. rau ib tus phooj ywg ob qho tib si hauv kev ua tau zoo thiab hauv cov duab ntawm kev daws teeb meem architectural. Kev tso ntawm tus naj npawb txog "ob" rau "Barkli-Plaza" (rau "cov tswv yim ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse niaj hnub paub daws teeb meem, nrog kev pab uas nws muaj peev xwm sib sau ua ke hauv lub tsev mus rau hauv kev ua keeb kwm") tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog khoom plig rau thaj chaw tsis tshua muaj ntau ntawm cov khoom no - “Danilovsky Fort” yuav luag ob zaug dav dua.

Hauv qab no peb teev txhua tus yeej loj hauv Zodchestvo-2009 kev lom zem.

Cov nyiaj hauv daim ntawv sau nyiaj kuj tau txais los ntawm qhov chaw qhia kev kawm ntawm Lavxias Academy ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam (GITIS) (tus tsim qauv - Lub Xeev Ib Leeg Lub Koomhaum MNIIP "Mosproekt-4", tsim qauv sab hauv - AA Asadov Lub Rooj Haujlwm Kws Ua Haujlwm) - "rau kev zoo nkauj, kev ua si ntawm kem thiab kev daws teeb meem ci ntsa iab ntawm cov haujlwm ", - thiab St. Petersburg metro chaw nres tsheb" Spasskaya "(LLC" Architectural Rhiav ntawm Rapoport EM "thiab JSC NIPII" Lenmetrogiprotrans ").

Bronze diplomas ntawm Zodchestvo-2009 lub koob tsheej tau mus rau cov kws sau ntawv ntawm kev lag luam tawm thiab kev ua yeeb yam rau ntawm pl. K. Faberge hauv St. Petersburg (LLC "A. Len"), nyob nruab nrab ntawm St. Petersburg Rhiav "Studio 44" thiab thaj chaw "thaj chaw Crystal" nyob ntawm txoj kev. Gogol hauv Kazan ("Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Architectural ntawm D. Velichkin thiab N. Golovanov").

Hauv seem "Txoj Haujlwm", lwm qhov haujlwm los ntawm Sergey Skuratov Kws Ua Haujlwm - "Lub Voos Ua Si", tau txais lub pov haum kub. Thaum tau txais nws daim ntawv pov thawj, Sergei Aleksandrovich qhia txog qhov kev cia siab tias nws yuav pab txhawb rau kev nqis tes ua ntawm txoj haujlwm no, vim "tsis muaj nqi zog zoo dua rau tus kws kes duab vajtse zoo dua li pom kev zoo siab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv nws lub tsev." Tus thib ob cov nyiaj kub hauv kev xaiv tsa no yog qhov kev tsim kho rau txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm ChSU thiab qhov haujlwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm ntawm Tshuaj Kho Mob ntawm ChSU hauv Grozny (pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab "Style").

Cov nyiaj hauv daim nyiaj ntawm cov haujlwm tau muab rau lub tsev ua cov laminated veneer lumber nyob ntawm Gorky lub pas dej nyob hauv thaj av Nizhny Novgorod (tus sau phau ntawv - S. Tumanin, E. Kulikova), Lub Chaw Rau Tshwj Xeeb Thaj Chaw Ntuj ntawm Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug -Yugra, Beloyarsky (ZAO City-Arch) thiab phiaj xwm phiaj xwm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Saperny Island Lavxias thaj av (JSC "Giprogor").

Bronze diplomas hauv cov ntu haujlwm tau muab rau "Cov Tsev Ntiag Tug 2" (cov kws sau ntawv - R. Tsopanov, T. Kudziev), tus neeg lub tsev nyob hauv lub zos ntawm Komarovo (LLC A. Len) thiab lub chaw lag luam ntawm ul. Tsyurupa nyob rau Ufa (JSC Tsim Lub Koomhaum "Bashkirgrazhdan project").

Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau tus kws kes duab vajtse, uas nws tau pab txhawb rau kev tsim kho hauv Lavxias niaj hnub kos duab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus siab los ntawm Zodchestvo-2009 pawg kws tshaj lij, tau txais khoom plig ntawm Union ntawm Architects ntawm Russia "Rau High Architectural Skill" muaj npe tom qab Vasily Bazhenov. Cov puav pheej tau txais los ntawm Sergey Skuratov, Evgeny Rapoport, Dmitry Velichkin thiab Nikolay Golovanov.

Hauv qab no peb luam tawm tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov neeg tau txais kev qhuas los ntawm cov neeg npaj kev ua koob tsheej.

Diplomas ntawm Ministry of Regional Kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias Federation

mus rau Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Tomsk Cheeb Tsam Kress Viktor Melkhiorovich - ib daim ntawv kawm tiav "Rau Lub Taub Hau ntawm cov thawj coj ntawm tsoomfwv lub zog ntawm lub xeev txoj haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias rau kev ua tiav hauv kev siv lub xeev cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws. project "Cov Tsev Pheej Yig thiab Pheej Yig - Rau Cov Pej Xeem ntawm Lav Xias"

Rau lub taub hau ntawm Totma, Totemsky kiag cheeb tsam tsev kawm ntawv cheeb tsam Vologda, Nikolai Nikolayevich Lysanov, daim ntawv pov thawj "rau lub taub hau ntawm kev tsim tsa ntawm Lavxias Federation rau kev ua tiav hauv kev siv lub xeev cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog nyob hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb lub teb chaws qhov project "Cov Tsev Pheej Yig thiab Pheej Yig - rau Cov Pej Xeem ntawm Lav Xias"

Tus Thawj Kws Saib Xyuas Haujlwm ntawm Lipetsk Thaj Txheeb Kontsane Birute Pavlovna - daim ntawv kawm tiav "Rau Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Cheeb Tsam Koom Tes ntawm Lavxias Lavxias rau kev ua tiav hauv kev ua raws li lub xeev cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb" Lub Tsev Muaj Peev Xwm Zoo thiab Muaj Vaj Tsev Zoo rau Cov Neeg Xam Xaj Lav Xias"

Tus Thawj Kws Saib Xyuas Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Ulyanovsk Kleimenova Natalya Nikolaevna - Diploma "Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj ntawm ib Cheeb Tsam Lub Nroog Thaj Tsam ntawm Lavxias Federation, Nroog Hauv Paus Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Lavxias hais txog kev ua tiav hauv kev siv lub xeev cov phiaj xwm hauv nroog nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv txoj haujlwm" Muaj Nqis thiab Nyiam Lub tsev rau cov pej xeem ntawm Russia"

Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Txuj Ci thiab Kev Tsim Kho rau Cheeb Tsam Chaw Ua Haujlwm "ENKO" Sergey Viktorovich Skatershchikov - daim ntawv kawm tiav "Rau cov phiaj xwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv thaj chaw hauv nroog npaj tsis pub dhau lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev siv cov phiaj xwm tseem ceeb hauv lub teb chaws" Cov Tsev Pheej Yig thiab Cov Vaj Tsev Zoo rau Cov Neeg Tuaj Ntawm Lav Xias "Kuv kawm ntawv

Vitaly Vladimirovich Pertsev, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab Nroog Npaj hauv Cheeb Tsam Belgorod, daim ntawv pov thawj "Rau txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev npaj hauv nroog raws li lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev coj ua ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb" Kev nqis peev thiab thaj chaw zoo - rau cov pej xeem ntawm Russia ", II degree

Lub Chaw Tshawb Nrhiav Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Tsim Tsa Lub Tsev Rau Cov Neeg Nyob thiab Pej Xeem - Diploma "Rau txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv nroog npaj tsis pub dhau lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev siv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws" Cov Tsev Pheej Yig thiab Thaj Chaw Zoo - rau Cov Pej Xeem Tebchaws Russia ", III degree

Tus Thawj Coj General ntawm lub tuam txhab kev tsim kho "DM" (St. Petersburg) Petrov Anatoly Alexandrovich - daim ntawv kawm tiav "Rau qhov kev siv ntawm kev sib raug zoo tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim qauv (kev npaj hauv nroog) txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub teb chaws" Cov Tsev Pheej Yig thiab Pheej Yig - Rau Cov Pej Xeem ntawm Russia " Kuv kawm txuj

Anatoly Davydov, Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Caucasian Mineral Lub Koom Haum Dej ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Sab Nrauv ntawm Lavxias - daim ntawv kawm tiav "Rau qhov kev siv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nroog (kev npaj hauv nroog) txoj haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws" Cov Tsev Pheej Yig thiab Cov Vaj Tsev Zoo - rau Cov pej xeem ntawm Russia ", II degree

Varlamova Maria Vladimirovna, tus kws kes duab vajtse ntawm txoj haujlwm OJSC Novgorodgrazhdanproekt, daim ntawv kawm tiav "rau kev siv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv nroog (phiaj xwm tswv yim-phiaj xwm) phiaj xwm nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv lub teb chaws txoj cai" Cov Tsev Pheej Yig thiab Thaj Chaw Zoo rau Tsoomfwv Russia ", III degree

JSC "Lub koom haum Siberian" Sibspecproektrestavratsiya "- Diploma" Rau cov kev pabcuam hauv thaj tsam kev txuag thiab siv cov keeb kwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua "I degree

Ivanova Evgeniya Makarovna, tus thawj coj ntawm lub chaw tswj hwm thaj av ntawm Voronezhproekt, JSC - daim ntawv pov thawj "Rau kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv kev txuag thiab siv thaj tsam ntawm keeb kwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua", II degree

mus rau tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm Pskovgrazhdanproekt lub koom haum OJSC Shiryaev Yuri Mikhailovich - daim ntawv pov thawj "Rau kev ua tau zoo hauv thaj chaw ntawm kev txuag thiab siv cov keeb kwm thiab kev coj noj coj ua", III degree

Kev sib tw rau cov ntawv luam tawm zoo tshaj plaws txog cov thav duab thiab cov kws ua vaj tsev

Diplomas ntawm Tsoom Fwv Kws Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lavxias:

1. Lisovskiy Vladimir Grigorievich (Moscow) - rau phau ntawv "Ivan Fomin thiab Metamorphoses ntawm Lavxias Neoclassicism";

2. Bronovitskaya Anna Yulianovna, Cecil Clementine, Harris Edmund - rau txoj kev tshawb fawb almanac "Cov cuab yeej cuab tam Architectural cuab yeej cuab tam: Taw tes tsis rov qab";

3. Semenova Margarita Mikhailovna (Moscow) - rau phau ntawv "Mikhail Fedorovich Markovsky nyob rau hauv cov memoirs ntawm cov npoj yaig, cov phooj ywg, cov phooj ywg kawm"

4. Kovachev Atanas (Bulgaria) - rau phau ntawv "Thaj chaw tsim qauv";

5. cov ntawv xov xwm "Project Classic" (Moscow) - rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov style thiab cov ntsiab lus;

6. Notkin Albert Vulfovich (Nalchik) - rau cov kab lus ntawm cov lus ntawm cov ecology ntawm architecture;

7. Anatoly Mikhailovich Belov (Moscow) - rau cov kab lus ntawm cov lus hais txog kev kos duab tam sim no;

8. Tsallagov Soslan Fedorovich, Tsallagov Alexander Soslanovich (Vladikavkaz) - rau cov kab lus ntawm cov lus qhia txog tus qauv ntawm North Ossetia.

Bronze diplomas ntawm lub koob tsheej:

1. Zavarikhin Svetozar Pavlovich, Rusanov Gennady Efremovich, Lavrov Leonid Pavlovich (St. Petersburg) - rau phau ntawv "Lub Nroog thiab Cov Kws Cuam Tshuam";

2. Dolgov Alexander Vladimirovich (Yekaterinburg) - rau phau ntawv "Lub tsev ntoo ntawm Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam".

Nyiaj diplomas ntawm lub Success:

1. Milchik Mikhail Isaevich (Moscow) - rau phau ntawv “Cov cuab yeej cuab tam Architectural ntawm Veliky Novgorod thiab cheeb tsam Novgorod”;

2. Utkin Ilya Valentinovich, Chepkunova Irina Vladimirovna (Moscow) - rau phau ntawv "Kws kes duab vajtse Georgy Gustavovich Vegman";

Golden diploma ntawm lub Success:

Kazus Igor Aleksandrovich (Moscow) - rau phau ntawv "Soviet Architecture ntawm xyoo 1920: Lub Koom Haum ntawm Kev Tsim";

Kev sib tw rau cov yeeb yaj kiab zoo tshaj plaws txog architecture thiab architects

Diplomas ntawm Tsoom Fwv Kws Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lavxias:

1. Shiryaev Daniil, tus thawj coj, Anisimov Andrey, cameraman, Garbuz Ivan, Lykova Arina, Shiryaev Mikhail (JSC Institute "Pskovgrazhdanproekt", Pskov) - cov kws sau zaj duab xis "2DOM2"

2. Shatalov Boris Borisovich, Shatalov Anton Borisovich, Kovalev Evgeny Vladimirovich, Kulakovsky Anton Nikolaevich, Ellie Artem Vitalievich, Butrimovich Natalia Petrovna, Viktorova Yana Vladimirovna, Pozdnyakova Irina Gennadievna, Sharypova Anastasia Yurevna,"

Bronze daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov Success:

Dubkova Ekaterina Alekseevna, tus tsim txoj haujlwm, Sukhatskiy Vladimir Aleksandrovich, tus kws sau ntawv, tus thawj coj, Melent'ev Anton Leonidovich, koob thaij duab, Kravtsova Marianna Aleksandrovna, tus thawj coj saib xyuas, suab engineer (Kemerovo) - cov kws sau ntawv ntawm lub sijhawm sau cia “Cov cuab yeej cuab tam rau ntawm Kemerovo. Xyoo 1915 - 1963.

Nyiaj diploma ntawm cov Success:

Raspopov Alexander Sergeevich (Moscow) - tus thawj coj ntawm zaj duab xis “Beslan. Reflections ;

Golden diploma ntawm lub Success:

Khzmalyan Tigran (Armenia) - tus thawj coj ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "The Main Mystery of Yerevan";

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm Me Nyuam Yaus thiab kev kos duab

Golden diplomas ntawm lub koob tsheej:

Nyob rau hauv kev xaiv tsa "Zoo Tshaj Studio, Gymnasium, Tsev Kawm Ntawv"

Cov Menyuam Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci "PIB" (Moscow)

Tus Thawj Coj - Abaeva Inga Mikhailovna

Hauv kev xaiv tsa "Kev coj noj coj ua hauv Kev Cai ntawm Cov Hluas"

Lyceum ntawm Architecture thiab Tsim No. 3 (Penza)

Tus Thawj Coj - Vukovich Tatiana Viktorovna

Hauv kev sau npe "Lub neej yav tom ntej tau tsim niaj hnub no"

Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Cov Qauv thiab Tsim "YES-YOG!" (Koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan, Naberezhnye Chelny)

Tus Thawj Coj - Khaiman Tatiana Alexandrovna

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev muaj tswv yim ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm architecture architecture thiab tsev kawm qib siab

Diplomas ntawm Tsoom Fwv Kws Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lavxias:

  1. Rogozhnikov Nikolay Viktorovich - tub ntxhais ntawm Volgograd State University ntawm Architecture thiab Civil Engineering
  2. Vildanova Lilia Vilgizovna - tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Kazan State University of Architecture thiab Civil Engineering
  3. Ganina Tatyana Sergeevna - tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Kazan State University of Architecture thiab Civil Engineering
  4. Khabibullina Reseda Khakimovna - tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Kazan State University of Architecture thiab Civil Engineering
  5. Gritskova Anastasia Vasilievna - tub ntxhais ntawm Moscow lub koom haum ntawm Architecture (Xeev Academy)
  6. Asaturova Gayane Ashotovna - tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy)
  7. Burmistrova Sofya Evgenievna - tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy)
  8. Gautier Sophia Vladimirovna - tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy)
  9. Karimova Natalya Yurievna - tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy)
  10. Khmelenina Anna Nikolaevna - tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Moscow Architectural Institute (State Academy)
  11. Pekanova Nelly Aleksandrovna - tub ntxhais kawm ntawm St. Petersburg Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Kev Tshawb Fawb, Duab puab thiab Architecture tsim lub npe tom qab V. I. I. E. Repin.

Kev nthuav qhia-kev sib tw ntawm cov tswv yim kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas ua piv txwv "Index of Sustainability"

Diplomas ntawm Tsoom Fwv Kws Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lavxias:

1. Kev Txhaj Tshuaj Andrey Alekseevich, Osipova Ekaterina Igorevna - St. Petersburg

Rau txoj haujlwm tsim ntawm Pej Xeem thiab Chaw Lag Luam hauv St. Petersburg, Polevaya-Sabirovskaya st.

2. Lozhkin Pavel Alexandrovich, Polushin Evgeniy Andreevich - Yekaterinburg

Rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Aerial skyscraper

3. Asadov Andrey Alexandrovich, Asadov Alexander Rafailovich, Saprichyan Karen Vachikovich, Gorelov Andrey Olegovich, Zolotukhin Evgeniy Vladimirovich, Nasyrov Bulat Ildarovich, Korenev Ilya Vladimirovich, Murashko Alexey Olegovich - Moscow

Rau Cov Phiaj Xwm Tswv Yim rau kev txhim kho dej keeb "ISLANDS"

4. Zaitsev Boris Vladimirovich, Berezhnoy Dmitry Alexandrovich - Moscow

Rau txoj haujlwm ntawm Tsev Nyob.

Kev tshuaj xyuas-kev sib tw "Kev tsim kho vaj tsev thiab kev npaj nroog hauv cheeb tsam thiab nroog ntawm Lavxias"

Diplomas ntawm Tsoomfwv Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Lavxias "Rau Kev Ua tiav hauv Architecture thiab Nroog Txoj Haujlwm" hauv seem "Cov Cheeb Tsam ntawm Tebchaws Russia":

  1. Ulyanovsk cheeb tsam
  2. Vologodskaya Oblast
  3. Vologda lub koom haum ntawm Union Ntawm Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm ntawm Russia
  4. Stavropol cheeb tsam

Bronze daim ntawv kawm tiav ntawm kev ua koob tsheej "Rau kev nthuav dav qhia txog kev ua tiav hauv kev npaj hauv nroog thiab kos duab"

Tomsk cheeb tsam

Nyiaj Daj ntawm lub koob tsheej

Khabarovsk cheeb tsam

Golden diploma ntawm lub koob tsheej

Lipetsk cheeb tsam

Bronze diploma ntawm lub tsiab peb caug nyob rau hauv seem "CITIES OF RUSSIA"

nroog ntawm Belgorod

Nyiaj Daj ntawm lub koob tsheej

- lub nroog ntawm Veliky Novgorod

Golden diploma ntawm lub koob tsheej

- Lub nroog Moscow

Kev ntsuam xyuas-kev sib tw "Cov pawg tsim qauv sab hauv thiab cov haujlwm ua haujlwm"

Diplomas ntawm Tsoomfwv Cov Kws Tshaj Lij Muab Tswv Yim ntawm Lavxias hauv ntu "Tsim Tsa Chaw":

1. "Ntau xyoo ntawm kev muaj tswv yim pab txhawb kev txhim kho kev txhim kho hauv nroog loj hauv tebchaws Lav Xias thiab 80 xyoos ntawm kev tsim lub koom haum"

Lavxias Lub Chaw Haujlwm ntawm Nroog Npaj thiab Peev Kev Loj Hlob "GIPROGOR", Moscow

Tus Thawj Coj Thawj Coj - Mikhail Yurievich Grudinin

2. "Rau kev kho dua tshiab thiab khaws cia ntawm kev coj ua ntawm ntoo ntoo"

Republican Design and Survey Institute "Yakutproekt", Yakutsk

Thawj Coj Thawj Coj-Androsov I. S.

3. "Rau kev muaj tswv yim ua tau zoo hauv architecture"

MOSPROEKT-2 muaj npe tom qab Posokhin M. V.

Tus Thawj Coj Thawj Coj - Mikhail Mikhailovich Posokhin

4. "Rau kev muaj tswv yim ua tau zoo hauv architecture"

OJSC "MOSPROEKT"

Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj - V. V. Steyskal

5. "Rau kev qhia txog organic ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab niaj hnub rau hauv keeb kwm ntaub ntawm Pskov"

TsNIIEP thaj chaw hauv nroog thiab pej xeem huab hwm, Moscow

Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj - S. V. Nikolaev

Txiv Plig Nyiaj Pov Diploma

Mosproject-4

Thawj coj General A. V. Bokov

Nyiaj Daj ntawm lub koob tsheej

"KURORTPROEKT", Moscow

Tus Thawj Coj General Gorokhov N. P.

Diplomas ntawm Tsoomfwv Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm Hauv Lavxias "Rau kev muaj tswv yim ua tau zoo hauv architecture" hauv seem "Bureau, studios, kev cob qhia"

Architectural Rhiav "ARST", Moscow, Thawj Tswj Hwm - Konovaltsev K. M.

ITAKA- Architecture thiab Tsim, Moscow

Thawj Coj Pavlova O. A.

Txiv Plig Nyiaj Pov Diploma

- ITAKA-Architecture thiab Tsim, Moscow

Thawj Coj Pavlova O. A.

Nyiaj Daj ntawm lub koob tsheej

Kws kes duab vajtse tuam txhab "Archigraph", Moscow

Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj Shirnin M. V.

Kev tshuaj xyuas-kev sib tw ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab nraud ua haujlwm 2007-2009. Ntu "Tej yaam num"

Diplomas ntawm Tsoom Fwv Kws Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lavxias:

1. "Izmailovskaya foundations" hauv St. Petersburg

"URBIS-SPB", St. Petersburg

Kharchenko O. A., Burchik I. L., Puntus T. V., Engelke N. V.

2. Lub tswv yim kev kho dua tshiab ntawm thaj chaw lag luam hauv Mirny, Republic

SAHA

"AB-ELIS" Moscow

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj: Lyutomsky N. V., Bogaevskaya Yu. V., Kop E. Ya., Sandomirsky G. S., Tus Tsim: Weinstein G. S.

3. Ntau khw muag khoom thiab chaw lom ze

ntawm Stremyannaya txoj kev nyob rau hauv Saint Petersburg

"A-LEN", St. Petersburg

Oreshkin S. I., Nikandrov A. A., Legkova O. A., Vainer A. G.

4. Ntau lub lag luam kev lag luam nrog chaw nres tsheb hauv av ntawm Mozhaisk txoj kev loj hauv Moscow

"ARCH-PROJECT-3", Moscow

Brailovskaya N. N., Aleksandrova S. G., Kondratyuk I. V., Butusov A. V.

5. Cov menyuam yaus lub tsev kawm preschool rau 280 tus menyuam hauv Khimki, cheeb tsam Moscow

"ARCH-PROJECT-3", Moscow

Brailovskaya N. N., Alexandrova S. G., Kondratyuk I. V., Butusov A. V., Polyakov V. V., Semina Yu. A.

6. Lub tswv yim npaj tswv yim hauv nroog rau kev tsim kho 62nd Army embankment

Lub hauv paus loj hauv Volgograd

Architectural thiab Toj roob hauv pes Center "Ntsuab Kos Duab"

Krasilnikova E. E., Yarovaya N. P., Radovich P. O.

Bronze diplomas ntawm lub koob tsheej:

1. “Lub tsev ntiav nyob hauv lub zos. Hidikus »North Ossetia-Alania

STYLE pab pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab, Vladikavkaz.

Tsopanov R. E., Kudziev T. V.

2. Lub tsev ntiag tug ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv St. Petersburg

pos. Komarovo

"A. LEN", St. Petersburg

Oreshkin S. I., Oreshkina E. S., Nikandrov A. A.

3. Lub chaw lag luam ntawm txoj kev. Tsyurupy hauv koog tsev kawm ntawv Kirovsky

nroog hauv nroog ntawm Ufa, Koom pheej ntawm Bashkortostan

"Bashkirgrazhdanproekt"

Mavrodiev D. I., Manuilov A. V.

Nyiaj diplomas ntawm lub Success:

1. Lub Chaw Rau Tshwj Xeeb Thaj Chaw Pov Thaiv Tshwj Xeeb Tej Chaw "Tsev khaws puav pheej Numto"

Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug hauv Beloyarsky

Nroog-koov, Moscow

Lukomsky V. V., Lukomskaya I. V., Morozov Yu. A., Azarenko I. N., Kapatsevich N. N., Tomilov N. A.

2. Qhov haujlwm npaj rau thaj av ntawm Saperny ceg av qab teb

Cov Lavxias Tebchaws Lavxias rau kev tsim tsa ntawm APEC-2012 qhov ua siab tshaj

Lavxias lub koom haum ntawm nroog loj hlob thiab

Kev tsim kho kev nqis peev "GIPROGOR", Moscow

Bychkov S. I., Ashlapov N. I., Neustroev K. F., Schneider I. M., Barkovskaya Yu. V.

3. 2-tsev nyob thaj chaw muaj cov laminated veneer ntoo nyob hauv lub tsev me nyob ntawm Gorky lub pas dej nyob hauv thaj av Nizhny Novgorod.

"Kev ua haujlwm Rhiav ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Tumanin S. L." Nizhny Novgorod

Tumanin S. L., Kulikova E.

Golden diplomas ntawm lub koob tsheej:

1. "Lub Vaj Lub Zos"

Qhov dej num ntawm ib feem ntawm ib cheeb tsam ntawm Quarter 473 hauv Khamovniki hauv Moscow

"Architectural Bureau of Sergei Skuratov", Moscow

Skuratov S. A., Panev A. V., Naziraliev A. M., Asadov N. A., Aledeev A. V., Barklyansky A. S., Demidov N. A., Dmitriev A. Yu., Klevakin Yu. AA, Churadaev AA, Shalimov PV, Marinin IE, Obvintsev VA, Cherninahov D. B., Kiryanova MP, Gus'kova EV

2. Lub phiaj xwm rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm Chechen State University thiab qhov haujlwm ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Kws Tshuaj (theem 1) hauv Grozny

STYLE pab pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab, Vladikavkaz.

Priputnev O. I., Chalenko I. V., Kaitukov S. K., Kolesova O. M., Tsopanov R. E., Urakova I. G., Khugaeva L. I., Khatsaeva E. A., Shiltsova Yu A. A., Gergieva M. S., Kokova M. S.

Kev tshuaj xyuas-kev sib tw ntawm kev ua haujlwm sab nraud ua haujlwm 2007-2009. Ntu "Vaj Tsev"

Diplomas ntawm Tsoom Fwv Kws Ua Haujlwm ntawm Lavxias:

1. Khw thiab chaw lag luam "Kitezh" nrog rau kev qhib chaw nres tsheb ntau qhov chaw nres tsheb rau 800 lub tsheb hauv Moscow

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Bokov A. V., Bush D. V., Kirdina T. G., Ivanova E. I.

Cov Tsim Qauv Livshin M. Ya., Bekmukhamedov E. E.

"Mosproject-4" (Moscow)

Tuam txhab tsim kho "MR Group"

2. Vaj tse thaj chaw ntawm kev lag luam chav No. 99 hauv cheeb tsam Soviet ntawm Volgograd

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Chuikov A. V., Usmanova R. I., Fomin S. V.

Tus Tsim Qauv Khanov A. E.

"Niaj hnub nimno-Project" (Volgograd)

Koom haum kev tsim kho "Tuam txhab SPT"

3. Lub chaw lag luam "Linkor" ntawm Petrogradskaya embankment hauv St. Petersburg

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Yavein N. I., Kulachenkov V. L., Lemekhov V. I., Sokolov P. S., nrog kev koom tes ntawm Vasilyeva T. R., Volkova O. N., Zamelova M. N., Kosova D. P., Sologub T. Yu., Khmeleva V. V.

Cov Tsim Qauv Ioffe V. M., Kurbatov O. A.

Architectural Rhiav "Studio 44" (St. Petersburg)

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho "Center-Invest-Stroy"

4. Lub chaw lag luam "Aeroplaza" ntawm txoj kev. Pib tawm hauv St. Petersburg

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Kharchenko O. A., Ilinskaya V. V., Litvinov V. P.

"URBIS-SPB" (St. Petersburg)

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho "Technoservice"

5. Khw ncig thiab chaw lomzem nyob hauv Vyborgsky koog tsev kawm ntawv St.

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Golovin A. S., Shreter A. E., Elyukhina A. M., Tsvetkova E. A.

Cov Tsim Qauv Lobanov V. M., Vzorov V. V., Shtuchkin V. V., Vyalshin V. G., Sokolova N. G., Trofimov M. A., Tentler Yu. N., Kondratyeva E. I., Kramareva I. N.

Chief Project Engineer Lutsko N. Ye.

Golovin & Schreter (St. Petersburg)

"Prostor-L" (St. Petersburg)

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho "Stroykompleks XXI"

6. Ntau lub chaw nyob ntawm txoj kev Bytkha hauv Sochi

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Ginzburg A. V., Fadeev I. V., Nikulshin A. A., Timoshina Yu. A., Kuleva Yu. V., Lundina L. V., Atrepieva E. V.

Cov Tsim Qauv Frolova L. I., Krivoshein A. N., Iovlev S. Yu., Ilienko T. I., Korobeynikov A. Yu.

Kws Ua Haujlwm M. V. Mirsagatov Visualization: Ovchinnikov A. A., Biryukov A. A.

"Mosproject-4" (Moscow)

Tuam txhab tsim kho "MR Group"

7. Tsev tsim vaj tse nrog chaw nres tsheb hauv chaw nres tsheb hauv Maly Lane. nyob rau St. Petersburg

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Romanov O. S. (ob txhais tes), Demyonov I. N., Akimova A. V., Menshikov R. S.

"St. Petersburg lub koom haum ntawm Architecture"

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho LLC "Alpha"

8. Ntau txoj hauj lwm "Atlantic City" hauv St. Petersburg

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Gaikovich S. V., Logvinov E. O., Kuksha L. L., Altman V. M., nrog kev koom tes ntawm Chistyakova M. V., Sofronova A. A., Teterkin A. V., Reidman A. A.

Kws kes duab vajtse tus sawv cev "Studio 17" (St. Petersburg)

9. Rov Siv Dua thiab Hloov kho dua ib lub tuam tsev teev ntuj qub txeeg qub teg ntawm 16-19th xyoo pua rau Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Moscow Kremlin.

Ivan Lub Tshab Zoo Tshaj Plaws Zoo Tshaj Plaws Ntawm Moscow Kremlin

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Stepanova E. V., Gensitsky V. V., Balashova E. Kh.

Engineers Gustova A. N., Tutlis V. I., Popov A. I.

Tus Tsim Qauv Shtaveman A. B.

Cov kws pab tswv yim rau kws kho mob A. L. Batalov, A. K. Levykin

Cov neeg tsim tawm ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej thev naus laus zis Konov A. N.

"Restorator-M" (Moscow)

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho RPP "Phiaj-Tsel"

10. Rov tsim kho lub tsev ntawm kev lag luam mus rau qhov chaw lag luam "Chaw Nres No. 1"

nyob rau St. Petersburg

Cov kws ua haujlwm Lyavdansky V. E., Volkova E. A., Kosobryukhova S. V.

Tus Qauv Tsim Ivanov V. A.

“Lyavdansky thiab Gerasimov. Architectural Rhiav (St. Petersburg)

Lub koom haum tsim kho "Adamant-Stroy"

Bronze diplomas ntawm lub koob tsheej:

1. thaj ua rau thaj "Crystal" ntawm txoj kev. Gogol hauv Kazan

"Kev ua vaj tsev ua haujlwm thiab kos duab ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws kes duab Velichkin thiab Golovanov" (Moscow)

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Velichkin D. V., Golovanov N. N., nrog kev koom tes ntawm Metelkin I. V., Shevchenko A. A., Shevchuk A. D.

Cov Qauv Tsim Qauv Meshchankin S. V., Shmakin E. M.

Koomhaum koom haum PSO "Kazan"

2. Kev lag luam thiab kev ua cov nyom ntawm pl. Faberge hauv St. Petersburg

PPF "A. Len" (St. Petersburg)

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Oreshkin S. I., Andreeva R. V., Fedorova M. V., Parinov P. V., Kruzhkova N. N. Afanasov V. N.

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho "Lavxias Gems"

3. Chaw ua haujlwm ntawm chav ua haujlwm architectural "Studio 44" hauv Manezhny txoj kab. nyob rau St. Petersburg

Architectural Rhiav "Studio 44" (St. Petersburg)

Cov kws kes duab vajtse Yavein N. I., Romantsev V. A., Sologub T. Yu., Snezhkin G. S., Schastlivtseva K. O.

Tus Tsim Qauv Yaroshevsky D. Yu.

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho "Gradstroy"

Nyiaj diplomas ntawm lub Success:

1. Lavxias Academy Kev Ua Yeeb Yam ntawm Kev Ua Yeeb Yam - GITIS

"Mosproject - 4" (Moscow)

Kws tsim qauv Asadova M. M., Kryshtal M. V., Shulrikhter V. A., Balabanova P. I., nrog kev koom tes ntawm E. S. Kolobaeva, O. K. Efimenkova, A. B. Pushina, E. N. Shilyagina, M. V. Amosov, E. R. Avanesova.

Kws Ua Haujlwm Piskunov V. V., Tus tsim qauv Rodichenko P. Yu., nrog kev koom tes ntawm Bolotova I. O., Eremenko M. E., Kushner Yu. V., Panyushkina N. N.

Interiors Asadov A. A., Sandu A. I., Khromova M. V., nrog kev koom tes ntawm K. L. Slavina, I. V. Ovchinnikov, A. O. Murashko.

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho "SU-155"

2. Ntau txoj haujlwm ntawm cov thawj coj thiab thaj chaw "BARKLEY-PLAZA"

LLC "Architectural Bureau ntawm Sergei Skuratov" (Moscow)

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Skuratov S. A., Demidov N. A., Shalimov P. V., Medvedev A., Ishutina N.

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho "UKS - Vostok"

3. Metro chaw nres tsheb "Spasskaya" hauv St. Petersburg

"Kws kes duab vajtse rhiav ntawm EM Rapoport" (St. Petersburg)

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Rapoport E. M., Khozatsky V. G., Morozova V. N.

Ntxias Repin S., Sukhov V., Uralov I., Fomin N.

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho "SMU-13 Metrostroy"

Success Diplomas Kub:

1. Lub tsev so ntawm pl. Ostrovsky hauv St. Petersburg

Evgeny Gerasimov & Koom Tes Nrog (St. Petersburg)

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Gerasimov E. L., Petrova Z. V., Bakhorina I. G., Manov O. V., Serebryakova Y. V.

Cov Tsim Qauv Reznichenko M. Ya., Ilyina Yu. I., Platonova T. P., Antonov V. Yu., Pestova E. N., Ryzhova S. V., Kws ua choj Ukhova N. P.

Lub koom haum kev tsim kho "AMR"

2. Ntau qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab cov chaw lag luam "Novodanilovsky Fort" hauv Moscow

"Architectural Bureau of Sergei Skuratov" (Moscow)

Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj Skuratov S. A., Romanov A. S., Kuznetsova E. I.

Tuam txhab tsim kho "MR Group"

Kev saib xyuas tus neeg tsim teeb meem ntawm lub koob tsheej

Sergey Choban, nrog kev koom tes ntawm Irina Shipova, Alexey Ilyin, Sergey Kuznetsov, Marina Kuznetskaya - cov kws sau tawm ntawm txoj haujlwm curatorial "Kev lag luam architecture ntawm yav dhau los - ib qho khoom siv rau yav tom ntej"

Ua Riam Ua Si ntawm Union Ntawm Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm Hauv Lavxias IN THIAB. Bazhenov"

  1. Skuratov Sergey Alexandrovich
  2. Lub Tsev Yawg Hlob Evgeny Mendelevich
  3. Dmitry V. Velichkin
  4. Nikolay Nikolaevich Golovanov

Pom zoo: