Lub Ib Hlis xyoo no, Vyborg cov thawj coj tuav kev sib tw rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag nrog cov chav ua yeeb yam rau 500 tus neeg, ntawm Keppa Street, 4, ncaj qha rov qab rau lub tsev qiv ntawv nto npe ua los ntawm Alavar Aalto. Cov kev sib tw tau qhib, tab sis tau txais kev tiv thaiv me ntsis hauv xovxwm, thiab yog li ntawd sau tsuas yog tsib tus neeg tuaj koom. Ntawm lawv, los ntawm lub caij nyoog - ib lub siab xav xa xov txuas nrog cov ntaub ntawv - yog St. Petersburg chaw lis haujlwm "A. Len". Raws li Sergei Oreshkin hais tias, "kev sib tw tau tuav kom yog tom qab ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas nws tsis paub meej vim li cas nws thiaj li yuav tsum ua nws txhua lub sijhawm." Tus yeej yog qhov project uas tus sau phau ntawv "muaj peev xwm nthuav qhia lub tswv yim ntawm tus nqi qis tshaj."
Txhawm rau ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntau dua rau hauv qhov chaw uas tsim nyog tau txais kev sib hais rau pej xeem thiab kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb, A. Len kas fes txiav txim siab los qhia nws qhov kev pom zoo.
Ntxiv rau cov laj thawj pom tseeb uas ua rau muaj kev txaus siab ntawm "A. Len" rau kev sib tw - lub nroog hauv nroog nrog cov xwm txheej ntawm keeb kwm kev daws teeb meem, cov zej zog nrog cov kws kes duab vajtse zoo, tsis tshua muaj typology - muaj ib qho ntxiv: lub taub hau ntawm lub chaw lis haujlwm, Serey Oreshkin, yug hauv Vyborg, qhov chaw nws kawm tiav hauv tsev kawm kos duab, qhov chaw nws "tau txais qhov kev lav ris loj tshaj plaws ua ib tus tub hluas" ua ntej-tus kws kes duab vajtse ". Nws piav qhia Vyborg yog qhov chaw muaj qhov tshwj xeeb "phau ntawv-zoo li" hauv nroog-phiaj xwm kev npaj, uas tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob tom ntej ntawm thaj chaw tsim.
Lenin Avenue, yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub nroog, txuas rau kev ua lag luam thiab sab pem hauv ntej, ntawm ib sab raws nws muaj cov tsev ntom ntom "Petersburg", nyob rau lwm qhov - chaw ua si thiab plaub fab, suav nrog chaw ua si-esplanade, qhov chaw qiv ntawv yog nyob. Dua li nws, ntawm kaum ntawm Suvorovsky Prospect thiab Keppa Street, nyob hauv thaj chaw muaj tsev qis qis qis qis, lub tsev kawm yuav raug tsim. Nws yuav ua tiav cov chaw "kev lom zem" nyob ntawm Lenin Avenue thiab ntxiv zog rau pem hauv ntej ntawm Suvorov Avenue, txhaws qhov sib txawv.
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zooming 1/3 Lub tsev kawm nkauj ua yeeb yam nrog chav ua yeeb yam hauv Vyborg © A. Len Architectural Bureau
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Cov neeg koom nrog kev sib tw yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas tso lub tsev uas muaj lub luag haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw me me uas tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam kev thauj mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas ua rau hauv. Hauv cov duab kos qhia "A. Len" lub tsev kawm ntawv muaj ob peb block ntawm ntau qhov siab. Cov kev kawm hauv lub tsev nyob yuav luag ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov ntim, muaj cov nkag nkag mus thiab yog qhov chaw nyob deb los ntawm Suvorovsky Prospect: chav tsev kawm ntawv lub qhov rais thiaj li yuav saib pom lub tshav ntsuab nyob ntsiag to. Qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov project yog chav ua yeeb yam, thiab ze rau ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv Aalto yog chav tos txais nrog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov ntaiv thiab theem siab.
Lub koom haum ntawm cov chaw ua raws txoj cai lub luag haujlwm: tus kwj ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov laus uas tuaj rau kev ua yeeb yam sib cais, cov chaw thau khoom ntawm thaj chaw yuav nyob rau hauv "tsis yog tsiab peb caug" ntawm txoj kev thiab, yog tias ua tau, tau muab zais los ntawm saib. Qhov chaw tos txais tau yoog rau "micro kev sib ntsib" - kev ua yeeb yam, nyeem ntawv, thiab cov duab yeeb yaj kiab tuaj yeem muaj nyob rau nws ntau cov ces kaum. Rau cov chav kawm thiab kev ua yeeb yam hauv qhov cua qhib, muaj ob chav amphitheaters: ib qho ntawm lub ru tsev, qhov thib ob ntawm lub xwm fab me me, uas "echoes" lub tsev hauv qhov tob ntawm lub block.
Cov hnab ntawv ntawm lub tsev qhia yog txhob txwm tawm tsam qhov tsis txaus ntawm Aalto lub tsev qiv ntawv. Sergey Oreshkin tau hais tias cov duab los ntawm qhov muaj nuj nqi: lamellas ntawm qhov ntau qhov sib txawv yog cov ntawv keyboard zoo nkauj. Lub tswv yim hloov tawm tau yooj yim, tab sis muaj peev xwm kawg.
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zooming 1/5 Lub Tswv Yim. Vyborg Lub Tsev Kawm Ua Yeeb Yam © A. Len Architectural Bureau
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Lub zeem muag pom, qhov twg lub tsev qiv ntawv thiab tsev kawm ntawv, sib cais los ntawm ib txoj kev, "saib" ntawm lwm tus, hais tias, nrog kev tua kom raug, kev sib tham nthuav dav ntawm Aalto tus qauv thiab lub tsev tshiab yog qhov ua tau. Nyob rau hauv cov duab kos "A. Len", lub tsev kawm ntawv tsim kom muaj "poj niam" ob peb tus poj niam rau lub tsev qiv ntawv uas ua haujlwm tsawg, uas hais txog kev ua haujlwm zoo thiab nthuav tawm txoj kev tsim ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse Finnish los ntawm qhov tshiab.
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zooming 1/5 Alvaro Aalto Qiv hauv Vyborg © Denis Esakov
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zooming 3/5 Alvaro Aalto Qiv hauv Vyborg © Denis Esakov
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Lub "kev xav poj niam" ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv tau xav tias nyob rau theem "kawm": lamellas zoo li cov quav, ruffles, daim ntaub thaiv, thiab ntawm qhov tsis paub meej, tsis nco qab: khoov thiab taws ua rau koj muaj kev sov siab, kev co, lub neej. "Femininity" tej zaum yog ib qho pom tseeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov organic architecture, thiab hauv txoj haujlwm no "organic", uas lub chaw lis haujlwm tshawb pom, tab sis tsis muaj peev xwm kom paub, hais, nyob hauv thaj chaw thaj chaw, thaum kawg suab hauv lub zog tag nrho.
Cov tuam tsev tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj txuas nrog. Alvar Aalto feem ntau ua ke organic architecture thiab functionalism hauv nws cov haujlwm, ntxiv rau, lub npe ntawm tus kws kes duab yog txhais ua "nthwv dej", thiab feem ntau nrov hauv Vyborg lub tsev qiv ntawv yog lub qab nthab undulating. Txij li pom qhov no, lub tsev kawm tuaj yeem pom zoo li sab hauv chav qiv saib rau tus saib. Yog tias peb txuas ntxiv los tham txog kev sib txuam ntawm cov tuam tsev, tom qab ntawd lub ntsej muag tsis muaj ntsej muag ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab "corrugation" superimposed ntawm nws zoo li lub hiav txwv, thiab lub tsev qiv ntawv yog lub hlaws zoo nkauj hauv nws qhov kev coj dawb huv.
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zooming 1/4 Lub tsev kawm nkauj ua yeeb yam nrog chav ua yeeb yam hauv Vyborg © A. Len Architectural Bureau
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Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov kev thov daws tau yooj yim los siv. Cov roj, raws li Sergei Oreshkin, yog lub sib, cov siv tau yooj yim thiab cov khoom zoo nkauj. Cov kws tsim qauv hais kom ua rau lawv tawm ntawm cov iav khov thiab nruab teeb rov qab uas yuav muab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm sab qaum teb teeb lossis tsis pom kev tsis zoo ntawm leej niam ntawm lub hlaws thiab hloov pauv nyob ntawm huab cua, theem ntawm kev ua kom pom kev zoo los yog ua yeeb yam. Lub teeb tseem yog nthwv dej.
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zooming 1/3 Lub tsev kawm nkauj ua yeeb yam nrog chav ua yeeb yam hauv Vyborg © A. Len Architectural Bureau
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500 rooj zaum hauv chav ua yeeb yaj kiab yuav tsum xav txog cov ntsiab lus kev qhia. Txhawm rau kom lub tsev txais tos ntau yam xwm txheej, raws li Sergei Oreshkin, yuav tsum muaj ib lub thawv puv theem: nrog nqa thiab tig cov txheej txheem, ua orchestra qhov, chav hnav khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam hauv kev tsim cov chav hais kwv txhiaj yog qhov hnyav; nws txaus los nco txog txoj haujlwm ntawm Alla Pugacheva zaj nkauj kev ua yeeb yam, uas A. Len koom tes nrog lub acoustics ntawm Mariinsky Theatre.
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zooming 1/7 Lub tsev kawm nkauj ua yeeb yam nrog chav ua yeeb yam hauv Vyborg © A. Len Architectural Bureau
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Tus kws tsim vajtse tseem paub tseeb tias lub tsev xav tau chaw nres tsheb hauv av - yog tias muaj muag tawm hauv lub tsheb, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau lub tsheb rau thaj chaw xws li, zoo li lub café uas siv tau los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib lub tsev qiv ntawv.
Sergey Oreshkin hu rau kev npaj cov kev sib tw qhib thoob ntiaj teb, thawj theem uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib tham nrog pej xeem.
