Lub Tswv Yim Los Ntawm Auguste Perret. Masterpiece? Cov Masterpiece

Lub Tswv Yim Los Ntawm Auguste Perret. Masterpiece? Cov Masterpiece
Lub Tswv Yim Los Ntawm Auguste Perret. Masterpiece? Cov Masterpiece

Video: Lub Tswv Yim Los Ntawm Auguste Perret. Masterpiece? Cov Masterpiece

Video: Lub Tswv Yim Los Ntawm Auguste Perret. Masterpiece? Cov Masterpiece
Video: 10 lub tswv yim pab koj tseg nyiaj 2024, Tej zaum
Anonim

Qhov exclamation thiab cov lus nug cim tau muab hauv lub npe ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "los ntawm kev xaiv". Yog lawm, cov npaj tau tsis ntseeg tias yim qhov haujlwm ntawm Fabkis tus kws kes duab vajtse Auguste Perret nthuav tawm los ntawm lawv yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov tswv yim hauv ntiaj teb. Tab sis cov cim lus nug zoo li hint: txawm tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm no cov neeg tho kev ntawm cov tsev tsim kho vaj tsev muaj tau kawm zoo txaus, pej xeem tseem muaj qee yam yuav tau xav txog thiab yuav pom dab tsi.

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Cov kev xaiv ntawm Jena Palace (Palais d'Iéna) rau kev nthuav qhia kuj tseem nkag siab: lub tsev no yog ib qho ntawm Perret cov tuam tsev, txhim tsa xyoo 1937 mus ua lub Tsev khaws puav pheej National of Civil Engineering. Xyoo 1959 lub tsev no tau raug coj los ntawm Fab Kis Kev Lag Luam thiab Nyiaj Txiag (CESE), uas, nrog Prada Foundation tau teeb tsa txoj haujlwm tam sim no. Yog li, nrog rau cov duab kos duab, cov duab thiab cov qauv ntawm cov tsev tsim los ntawm Perret, cov qhua tuaj yeem pom cov thawj kev tsim kho ntawm tus tswv.

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Tus kws saib xyuas kev tshawb fawb yog tus kws tshawb nrhiav Joseph Abram, thiab kev kos duab kev coj ua ntawm kev tso saib tau muab rau tus khub ntev ntawm Miuccia Prada Foundation - lub chaw lis haujlwm OMA, ntau dua qhov tseeb, nws txoj haujlwm AMO, nrog rau pab pawg phiaj xwm raug coj los ntawm Rem Koolhaas nws tus kheej. Cia peb nco koj tias AMO yog ib hom kev tshawb fawb hauv kev soj ntsuam, ntawm lwm yam, nrog cov teeb meem ntawm kev zam, tsim qauv, tshaj tawm thiab cov koom haum ntawm cov chaw ua yeeb yam. AMO tau koom tes nrog Jena Palace chaw txij xyoo 2011, koom nrog tsim thiab koomhaum ntawm Prada xwm txheej uas muaj nyob rau ntawd (piv txwv li, 24-teev hauv lub tsev khaws puav pheej). Yog li no, cov xwm txheej ntawm qhov kev nthuav dav no yog ob qho tib si los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav qhov ntev ntawm qhov chaw no thiab niaj hnub rov xav txog Perret lub architecture. Dab tsi thaum kawg tau tshwm sim ua ntej lub qhov muag ntawm cov pej xeem yog tiag tiag hauv architecture.

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Qhov chaw ntawm Hypostyle Hall ntawm Jena Palace tau muab faib ua ntau thaj chaw. Raws nws tag nrho sab laug longitudinal phab ntsa muaj ib tug hlau lattice qauv, uas cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj tso saib, nplooj siab rau yim "masterpieces" ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Rhiav ntawm Perret. Cov no yog cov tsev hauv Paris thiab nws cov chaw - ib lub tsev nyob rau ntawm rue Franklin (1903), kev ua yeeb yam ntawm Champs Elysees (1913), lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Notre Dame de Rency (1923), Corto kev sib tham hauv Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Nkauj (Xyoo 1928), lub tsev ua haujlwm ntawm Ministry of State Cov Vaj Tsev ntawm Fab Kis (Mobilier National, 1934) thiab Jena Palace (1937), thiab lub nroog Hall (1950) thiab lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Saint Joseph (1951) hauv Le Havre. Txhua qhov haujlwm ua duab qhia nrog cov duab kos, cov phiaj xwm, tshooj, kos duab kos thiab cov duab keeb kwm coj thaum lub sijhawm thiab tom qab tsim kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tuam tsev thiab cov phiaj xwm ua ntej nws nyob hauv lub sijhawm thiab tsim tib lub tswv yim kos duab tau raug xaiv nyob tib lub tsev.

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Cov neeg saib xyuas hu ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev nthuav qhia tsis yog ntau qhov kev tsom xam ntawm qhov cuab yeej cuab tam hauv vaj tse ntawm Auguste Perret (twb tau kawm zoo lawm), tab sis kev nkag mus rau nws "kev ua noj muaj tswv yim". Cov tuam tsev uas lawv tau xaiv yog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tus tswv, uas tso cai rau kev hloov pauv ntawm nws tus cwj pwm rau kev coj ua thiab "haujlwm" ntawm cov khoom hauv architecture. Qhov kev hloov pauv no tau los ntawm kev kub siab rau cov tswv yim ntawm Viollet-le-Duc thiab Art Nouveau style los tsim kev tsim vaj tsev uas ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog thiab kom muaj kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov phiaj xwm loj hauv nroog txog ntawm piv txwv ntawm kev tsim kho tom qab ntawm lub chaw keeb kwm. ntawm Le Havre, ua tiav tom qab kev tuag ntawm tus tswv. Perret tau sau tias "Txhua yam tsiv lossis nyob ruaj ruaj uas qhov chaw nyob yog qhov chaw tsim khoom vaj tsev."

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Muaj kev nkag siab meej ntawm txoj kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qauv thawm niaj thawm vajtse, Perret tsis mob nrawm los cuam tshuam kev kos duab ntawm yav dhau los, tab sis nws nkag siab tias nrog cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab thev naus laus zis - ua ntej txhua yam, txhawb cov qhob. - nws yog qhov nyuaj rau qog nws, thiab nws yog qhov tsis muaj qab hau; qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm lub tswv yim no yog vim li cas rau stylistic conservatism ntawm nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm piv nrog lawv cov kev tsim hluav taws xob tshiab.

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Cov qauv uas nthuav tawm ntawm qhov kev nthuav qhia tau qiv los ntawm ntau lub tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Fabkis thiab ua rau lub sijhawm sib txawv: ntawm lawv muaj kev ua haujlwm los ntawm xyoo 1950, thiab cov niaj hnub los ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm xyoo pua 21st: lub sijhawm no kis tau, ntawm lwm yam, rau kab ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv kos duab kos duab thawm lub sijhawm dhau los. Tshooj Mobilier Lub Tebchaws ntawm cov kev ua yeeb yam qhia cov rooj tog tsim los ntawm Auguste Perret.

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Hauv nruab nrab ntawm cov cuab muaj kab ntawm kab rov tav cov rooj plaub tuaj sib cav hauv cov khoom dag zoo li dawb suede, uas ua rau lawv ob qho tib si qub raws li tus qauv tsim thiab tsis tshua zoo siab rau qhov kov. Ntawm no, hauv seem "Biography", Perret cov tsiaj ntawv, cov khoom ntiag tug thiab cov duab tau nthuav tawm: cov duab kos duab ntawm Perret los ntawm Antoine Bourdel, cov ntawv sau los ntawm André Gide thiab Louis Aragon, cov phau ntawv ntawm architecture los ntawm tus tswv lub tsev qiv ntawv tus kheej, thiab txawm nws niaj hnub txawv txawv. -muaj kev kos duab ntawm lub ntsej muag tsom iav. Hauv tib showcases ib qho tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog cov vaj tse ntawm Perret chaw khaws ntaub ntawv thiab tus kheej phau ntawv sau thiab phau ntawv sau ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse, thiab ntu no xaus nrog lub tshuab ntsuas nrog cov duab thaij duab los ntawm nws tsev neeg cov ntaub ntawv, ntxiv rau cov duab puab thiab duab kos duab ntawm Perret los ntawm Bourdelle, Khana Orlova thiab lwm tus masters: yog li cov kws saib xyuas tau muab tso rau daim duab ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse zoo tshaj plaws hauv qhov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov chaw zoo nkauj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.

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Ntawm phab ntsa sab xis ntawm hypostyle, ze rau ntawm lub qhov rooj nkag mus, muaj cov qauv ntoo zoo li amphitheater: ntawm nws cov kauj ruam, ntawm cov rooj tshwj xeeb, muaj cov nkauj nrog cov duab ntawm yim lub tsev - tus phab ej uas ua yeeb yam, ua los ntawm Gilbert Fastenaekens. Qhov chaw zoo li no nyiam cov menyuam yaus: lawv nce thiab nkag mus nce ntaiv ntawm tus qauv thiab zoo siab mus nplooj los ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm albums.

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Qhov kawg ntawm lub cuab yog qhov thib ob amphitheater ntawm qhov zoo. Nws cov kauj ruam yog qhov chaw rau cov neeg saib. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem saib zaj duab xis "25 Bis" los ntawm Ila Bêka thiab Louise Lemoine txog lub neej tam sim no ntawm lub tsev nyob ntawm Franklin Street thiab nws cov neeg. Nyob rau Hnub Saturday, rau cov neeg nyiam ntaus nkauj piano, feem ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam no hloov mus ua kev ua yeeb yam me me rau ib nrab ib teev.

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Cov kauj ruam ntawm no amphitheatre ua rau thaj chaw me me hauv qab nthab ntawm lub tsev: ntawm no yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv Nancy thiab Versailles, rov txhais cov cuab yeej cuab tam tsim ntawm Auguste Perret. Cov no yog qhov tsis tshua muaj zog volumetric qauv, nco txog ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov vaj tsev zoo heev thiab qhov chaw hauv nroog, uas, tib lub sijhawm, hais txog cov qauv thiab kev tsim txuj ci ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev nto moo tau nyeem.

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Nruab nrab ntawm ob chav amphitheaters muaj cov khoom uas ua piv txwv txog nruab nrab ntawm cov vaj tsev thiab sau rau lawv nrog cov khoom: nyob rau hauv no txoj kev cov neeg npaj rov qab mus rau lub tswv yim ntawm kev nyob, kev siv cov chaw tsim vaj tsev los ntawm ib tug neeg, tsa los ntawm ribbon "25 Bis" Cov. Ntawm no yog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Diaghilev Cov Caij Nyoog Lavxias, uas tau ua nyob rau hauv Théâtre des Champs-slysées, iav thaiv cov duab txawv txawv uas dai cov ntaiv ntawm ib lub tsev nyob rau ntawm Franklin Street, thiab lwm yam. Lub Corto Hall sib raug rau lub suab paj nruag loj: ntxiv rau kev ua ib qho khoom pov thawj, nws kuj tseem siv rau nws lub hom phiaj npaj thaum hnub Saturday kev sib tw.

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Cov lus qhuab qhia, kev taug kev mus ncig, kev ua yeeb yam yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txhua qhov kev ua yeeb yam Parisian. Nws yuav tsis ua yam tsis muaj lawv nyob rau lub sijhawm no: ib qho kev pabcuam nplua nuj tos cov neeg tuaj saib kev nthuav qhia, uas yuav kav mus txog Lub Ob Hlis 19, 2014. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Auguste Perret tsis yog tsuas yog cov khoom pov thawj ntawm cov khoom ua pov thawj, tab sis kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb. ntawm thaj chaw hauv nroog, nrog rau kev tsim ntawm OMA / AMO chaw lis haujlwm - ib qho laj thawj zoo rau tuaj xyuas Paris lub caij ntuj no!

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