Qhov thib peb txhua xyoo Vasari lub koom txoos tau pib rau hnub Friday 16 Cuaj hlis. Lub chaw tseem ceeb rau qhov kev tshwm sim no yog Arsenal Center for Contemporary Art, nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin. Huab cua hauv lub nroog tsis ua haujlwm, yog li tag nrho cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tau ntim rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej niaj hnub. Sab nraum zoov, tsuas yog poob "Tsob Ntoo" - qhov khoom kos duab los ntawm tus tsim qauv Liza Abrosimova, npaj rau kev lom zem ntawm menyuam yaus. Lub rooj nthuav dav phau ntawv loj loj nthuav dav rau hauv av, uas tau qhib rau txhua peb hnub ntawm lub koob tsheej. Cov menyuam yaus cov chav kawm tau tuav ntawm sab xis ntawm sab laug ntawm lub tsev. Hauv "Mediatek" lawv tshaj tawm cov yeeb yaj kiab hais txog architecture yuav luag tsis tu ncua, npaj kev nthuav qhia ntawm cov ntawv tshiab, thiab muab cov lus qhuab qhia. Hauv tsev thib ob, hauv "Chaw hauv qab Arches", cov qhua ntawm kev lom zem tau koom ua si sib tham sib rau cov laus. Thiab feem ntau cov teeb meem loj thiab ntxaws tham thiab cov rooj sib tham tau tshwm sim hauv Arsenal chav tsev ua yeeb yam thiab chav ua yeeb yam.
Cov kws npaj tau sim ua kom haum rau ntau yam xwm txheej rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm xaiv lub ntsiab lus - "Architecture thiab Cov Ntawv". Lub ntsiab lus yog consonant nrog lub npe ntawm kev ua koob tsheej: tus neeg pleev kob Italian Giorgio Vasari kuj yog thawj tus kws sau ntawv txog cov haujlwm ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, tus tsim ntawm keeb kwm kev kos duab niaj hnub no. Cov kws ua yeeb yam Festival Evgeny Ass thiab Anna Gor, tus thawj coj ntawm Nizhny Novgorod NCCA, tau muab faib txhua phau ntawv ua peb pawg: ntawv "sab hauv architecture", uas yog, sau los ntawm cov kws txawj txua lawv tus kheej, cov ntawv "hais txog architecture", uas muaj cov ncauj lus tseem ceeb, cov phau ntawv ntawm keeb kwm ntawm architecture, phau ntawv qhia, thiab lwm yam, thiab, thaum kawg, cov ntawv sau "ib puag ncig architecture" - kev xav thiab cov lus ntawm cov neeg siv khoom, cov pej xeem zoo ib yam. Txhua pab pawg muaj cov hnub so cais: "Hnub Kws Ua Si Hnub Hnub", "Hnub Muaj Kev Txom Nyem" thiab "Hnub Muaj Kev Ncaj Ncees".
Nws tau npaj siab yuav los hais txog cov ntawv hauv kab lus ntawm kev sib tham thiab qhuab qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj qhov kev sib tham sib tham txog kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev sib txuas lus tau poob mus rau hauv daim duab ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse, uas nws cov lus tsis meej rau cov tib neeg, thiab nws cov duab nyob ze rau cov duab ntawm tus tsim, ib tus tuaj yeem tsuas tham nrog nws unilaterally, tsis suav rau ib lo lus teb.
Evgeny Lub nroog Yeiuxalees
kws kes duab vajtse, tus thawj coj ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv MARCH architectural school:
“Feem ntau lees txais tias architecture nws tus kheej yog ntawv nyeem, nws muaj cov phiaj xwm thiab lub ntsiab lus. Li cas tam sim no qhov chaw kawm architectural ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg txuas lus? Cov kws ua vaj tsev yog ib lub zej zog sib cais. Yuav ua li cas ua tau yog kev sib txuas lus ntawm lawv thiab tib neeg?"
Yuri Grigoryan
kws kes duab vajtse, lub taub hau ntawm cov haujlwm Meganom chav haujlwm:
“Txhua qhov haujlwm yog zaj dab neeg ntawm kev tsim ib daim ntawv, uas qee qhov yuav tsum tau hais, vim tias nws yuav tsum tau ua. Xws li cov dab neeg muaj qhov chaw, neeg, xwm txheej, qauv, txiaj ntsig. Thiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv no yog khaws cia tom qab kev tsim kho lub tsev. Yog li, architecture, muaj nyob, txuas lus nws tus kheej. Tab sis architecture yog ntau tshaj li keeb kwm. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, nws xav nyob nrog kev sib txuas lus, xav kom nyob ntsiag to, nyob hauv nws lub ntiaj teb."
Werner Huber
kws kes duab vajtse, editor ntawm cov phau ntawv Magazine "Hochparterre":
Lub tsev kawm “Architecture” piv tau rau qhov kev hais txog esoteric. Ntau dua precisely - nrog kev ntseeg. Los yog txawm tias muaj ntau txoj kev ntseeg. Lawv muaj ntau lub tswv yim hais txog dab tsi tsim architecture yuav tsum. Cov sawv cev ntawm "kev ntseeg" sib txawv tsim lawv tus kheej hauv ntiaj teb, thaum poob kev sib cuag nrog lub ntiaj teb sab nraud. Rau tus neeg sab nraud nws qee zaum zoo li snobbery."
Qhov kev tshwm sim hauv nruab nrab ntawm thawj hnub yog qhov qhib ntawm qhov chaw "Tsoo Hluav Taws Xob". Lub phiaj xwm kev ua yeeb yam tau suav nrog hauv qhov txheej txheem kev lom zem thawj zaug. Tus tswj hwm yog Kirill Ass, uas tau mob siab rau qhov kev tshwm sim rau hnub tseem ceeb tsis ntev los no ntawm nws txiv Yevgeny Ass. Nadezhda Korbut ua haujlwm ntawm tus qauv tsim ua ke nrog Kirill. Ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Arsenal, 24 qhov haujlwm tau khaws. Tus tswj hwm tau piav qhia hais tias hluav taws xob yog qhov ua kom lub ntiaj teb hloov zuj zus: “pob zeb mus rau hauv cov tuam tsev, xeb nplooj, ua pa ntawm cov paj huam, suab ntawm txoj xov, kev co xim. Muaj kev tawg ntau dua uas dhau sijhawm thiab chaw. Lawv raug ntes los ntawm cov neeg uas tig mus rau kev sib raug zoo. " Xws li kev co ua ke rau hauv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov lus qhia sib txawv ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam, kws yees duab thiab cov kws ua vaj ua tsev zoo li Alexander Brodsky, Dmitry Gutov, Evgeny Dobrovinsky, Oleg Drozdov, Irina Zatulovskaya, Yuri Palmin, Alexander Rappaport, Lev Rubinstein thiab lwm yam.
Evgeny Ass, uas zoo siab tshuaj xyuas lub rooj nthuav dav, tau npaj khoom plig rau pej xeem nws tus kheej - "Kev Ncaj Ncees Yooj Yim rau Violin nrog tus kws kos duab" Qhov kev ua yeeb yaj kiab suav nrog Elena Revich (nkauj laus ncas), Mark Buloshnikov (piano) thiab Evgeny Ass (suab). Nws xav tias yav tsaus ntuj no tus saib xyuas yuav hu nkauj. Tab sis tsis yog, rau lub suab paj nruag ntawm Bach, Schubert, Silvestrov thiab Pärt, Eugene Ass nyeem cov ntawv sau ntawm kev yooj yim hauv kev kos duab, thaum nws cov duab nraaj flashed ntawm qhov screen loj.
Lub "Hnub ntawm Kev Rau Kev Txom Nyem" yog qhov ntau tshaj li qhov muaj nuj nqis, uas tau pib nrog kev qhuab qhia los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm architecture Anna Bronovitskaya, uas nthuav tawm cov phau ntawv-manifestos. Ntawm lawv - "Ntawm Txoj Haujlwm Architecture" los ntawm Le Corbusier, "Style thiab Era" los ntawm Moses Ginzburg, "Tshiab Brutalism" los ntawm Reiner Benham, "Complexities thiab Contradictions in Architecture" los ntawm Robert Venturi, "Cov Lus ntawm Postmodern Architecture" los ntawm Charles Jencks thiab "S, M, L, XL» Rem Koolhaas. Bronovitskaya tau piav qhia nws txoj kev xaiv los ntawm nws txoj kev xav ua kom pom cov phau ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau peb lub tebchaws. Nyob rau lub xyoo pua kawg, cov phau ntawv tshaj lij txawv teb chaws tsis tshua muaj luam tawm hauv lub tebchaws. Tib Robert Venturi, nws phau ntawv Anna Bronovitskaya hu ua "phau ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tom qab Le Corbusier's Towards Architecture", tau luam tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm hauv cov ntawv tawg, tab sis lawv tam sim ntawd ua frenziedly sib tham.
Ua raws li Bronovitskaya, Alexander Rappaport thiab Sergei Sitar tau muab lawv cov kev qhuab qhia hauv cov xinesmas thiab chav ua yeeb yam. Ob tus neeg hais lus tau mob siab rau cov teeb meem ntawm cov lus vaj tswv. Cov ncauj lus no, raws li Rappaport, xav kom muaj lub ntsej muag tshiab, txij li kev sim los tsim qhov kev xav ntawm lub tswv yim kos duab rau ntau pua xyoo tsis tau coj mus rau dab tsi. Architecture tsis tau tsim nws cov lus, tab sis siv cov lus ntawm geometry thiab psychology.
Alexander Rappaport
architecture theorist:
“Hauv lub caij nyoog ntawm kev puas ntsoog, ploj ntais, cov kws sau cia thiab cov haujlwm ib leeg yuav ploj mus. Ib puag ncig cov khoom tawg thiab hauv nroog yuav tsim los. 80% yog peb txoj kev xav ze tshaj plaws. Los ntawm 20% - architecture yuav dhau los ua kev sib tham ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab saum ntuj … Kev cai tshiab ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm kev tuag thiab kev nyob mus ib txhis los rau hauv kev siv zog. Architecture yog hem tsis yog tsuas yog tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj kev coj ua ntawm kev nyob mus ib txhis, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev txo nqi nyob mus ib txhis. Kev coj noj coj ua tshiab ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw muaj txiaj ntsig tau yug los, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov kev coj noj coj ua tshiab, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav ua rau kev sib tham, pub dawb los ntawm chatter."
Ntau hom lus sib zog, cov tsoos rau lub tsiab peb caug "Yeeb yam kev thuam" tau koom nrog kev koom nrog tus kws sau paj lug Lev Rubinstein, tus kws sau zaj nkauj Anna Narinskaya, tus kws hais lus Irina Levontina thiab kws kos duab-thuam Kirill Ass. Cov yeeb yam tau tuav los ntawm Anatoly Golubovsky. Anna Gore, kev cia siab pib qhov kev tshwm sim, tau piav qhia tias xyoo no, cov neeg tsis paub xaiv lub tsev tuaj yeem raug caw tuaj yeem, tshwj tsis yog Kirill Ass. Qhov no tau ua hauv kev rau siab to taub yuav ua li cas architecture nkag mus rau lwm qhov kev coj noj coj ua thiab lub neej.
Anna Narinskaya
“Kev sau ntawv thiab kos duab yog qhov zoo ib yam. Tus kws kos tsev, tsim qauv ua lub tsev, txua koj lub neej rau koj. Ib yam li ntawd, tus kws sau ntawv tswj koj lub neej thaum koj nyeem phau ntawv."
Lev Rubinstein
“Architecture tsis yog qhov kuv ntsia, tab sis dab tsi rushes los ntawm. Kuv tuaj yeem zais ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, suab paj nruag, pleev duab. Tab sis kos duab puag ncig kuv txhua qhov chaw, zoo li xwm, ua ib feem ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes."
Lub nroog Yeiuxalees Kirill
"Feem ntau ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm yog kev cob qhia hamsters uas paub txog kev tsim tsev, tsav cov square square thiab nyiam heev mus rau lub teb chaws lub tsev, qhov chaw uas muaj cov nyom ntsuab, huab cua ntshiab thiab tsis muaj architecture."
Irina Levontina
“Yog tias koj tuaj yeem nkaum ntawm architecture tsawg kawg hauv lub tebchaws, koj tsis tuaj yeem nkaum ntawm cov lus nyob txhua qhov chaw. Peb muaj cov lus yooj yooj yim, txhua txhua hnub lus uas yog fraught nrog ntau heev. Yog li, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob saib dua lwm cov lus sib txawv hauv cov lus sib txawv thiab xav kom cov neeg dog dig to taub nws. Nws yuav zoo yog tias cov kws ua vaj tsev kawm paub hais lus nrog tib neeg hauv cov lus uas twb muaj lawm. Kev tuaj yeem hais lus hauv hom lus uas tuaj yeem nkag siab yog kev kos duab."
Hnub kawg ntawm txoj kev lom zem tau ua tiav rau cov neeg hauv nroog. Nizhny Novgorod thiab cov neeg nyob nws yog qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm kev sib tham. Los ntawm cov lus los ntawm cov phau ntawv hais txog architecture thiab kev npaj hauv nroog, Nizhny Novgorod cov neeg nyob hauv tau tsim daim ntawv qhia chaw ntawm lub nroog, txuas cov nqe lus rau cov chaw nyob. Lub hauv paus kev tshwm sim ntawm lub hnub yog lub rooj noj mov muaj nplooj siab xav txog Nizhny Novgorod architectural tsev kawm ntawv uas tau tshwm sim thaum xyoo 1990. Tus thawj coj tsis raws cai ntawm qhov kev txav no yog tus kws kes duab vajtse Alexander Kharitonov. Thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kaum xyoo ntawm kev ua si - cov vaj tse, uas, raws li Alexander Lozhkin, "tau ceeb tias tsis muaj tseeb tsis yog sau hauv Nizhny Novgorod, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus teb."
Ib qho kev hais tawm cais yuav tsum yog ntawm phau ntawv ncaj ncees, uas tau koom nrog ntau dua 40 Lavxias tshaj tawm cov tsev tshaj tawm, ntxiv rau cov tsev muag ntawv nyeem thiab cov ntawv sau tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem kos duab thiab kos duab. Tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm kev ua koob tsheej, muaj kev sib tham, tau teem sijhawm ua ke nrog kev tshaj tawm tshiab ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm Tatlin ntawv xov xwm, tag nrho nplooj siab rau lub tsev tsim ntawm Arsenal tsev cia puav pheej. Sergei Kavtaradze nthuav tawm nws phau ntawv "Lub cev ntawm kev tsim kho vaj tse" rau pej xeem. Rau cov menyuam yaus thiab lawv niam lawv txiv, muaj kev sib tham ntawm cov phau ntawv los ntawm Anna Chudetskaya "Yuav ua li cas saib cov duab" thiab "Dab tsi Le Corbusier tsim" coj qhov chaw. Lwm phau ntawv nyob rau hauv no series yog Dab Tsi Shukhov Invented. Nws qhia txog cov menyuam yaus lub xyoo dhau los ntawm Vladimir Shukhov, nws cov haujlwm yam koj nyiam thiab yam tsis txawv tshaj plaws - los ntawm thawj lub pob ntseg tsis dhau mus rau roj tankers thiab artillery platform. Tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm tshiab, cov tub hluas - tej zaum yav tom ntej cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov tshuab - lined los ua thawj qhov yuav phau ntawv.
Qhov kawg chord ntawm Vasari kev ua yeeb yam yog ib qho kev hais kwv txhiaj los ntawm cov nkauj hauv Moscow ua ke. Thaum nyob hauv av pem teb cov neeg tuaj koom kev lom zem cov phau ntawv, muab sau sawv ntsug, kaw cov chav pw hauv tsev tos qhua nrog cov xauv, cov kws ntaus nkauj txuas ntxiv mus. Thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, lub ntsa zeb ntawm Arsenal, raus hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, zoo li teb cov lus nug nug rau txhua tus neeg - ob qho tib si hais txog cov lus kos duab thiab lub zog ntawm cov cuab yeej cuab tam.
"… Cov kws tshawb fawb tau koom rau hauv kev kawm txog kev muaj tiag, kws ua vaj tsev - nyob rau hauv kev tsim (kev tsim) ntawm kev muaj tiag." (los ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia los ntawm Alexander Rappaport)