Anna Bronovitskaya, Nikolai Malinin thiab Yuri Palmin tau sau lawv phau ntawv qhia txog kev tsim qauv hauv modernism hauv Amas-Ata, nws zoo li, tau ob xyoos, tam sim no thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau mus nyob hauv nroog hauv kev kawm. Saib lawv cov haujlwm los ntawm kev nyob deb, Kuv tsis paub tseeb tias txhua lub tsev tau dhau mus, nrog rau kev kaw txoj kev rov qab, cov chaw khaws cia tau tsa, cov neeg tau raug xam phaj - hauv ib lo lus, cov lus nug yuav raug kaw. Yog li, hauv essence, nws muab tawm. Thiab lub sijhawm no, hauv cov lus taw qhia, cov kws sau ntawv tau sau meej (thiab ncaj ncees) txhais cov keeb kwm ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm: "qhov no tsuas yog" phau ntawv qhia ": tshaj 50 ntawm cov tsev uas zoo nkauj tshaj plaws hauv 30 xyoo tsis yog" phau ntawv teev npe "uas hais txog kev ua tiav thiab txhij txhua (los ntawm qhov haujlwm zoo ntawm peb cov phooj ywg thiab cov npoj yaig ntawm "ArchKoda" tsuas yog tibneeg hu tauj coob); thiab qhov no tsis yog "keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm architecture", uas yuav tsum zoo sib xws thiab muaj kuab (Elizaveta Malinovskaya tau sau nws tas nws lub neej). " Yog li Moscow "Varangians" ntxiv qhov qhia meej meej ntawm lawv cov dag zog kom pom tias muaj zog ntau npaum li cas ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Kuv tuaj yeem hais dab tsi, nws yuav tsum.
Nws zoo nkaus li tias qee lub xyoo dhau los, tus kws sau keeb kwm ntawm daim duab Lavxias thaum ub daim duab Levon Nersesyan tau yws tias cov ntawv dab neeg ntawm kev ncig teb chaws tau ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab hauv kev nrhiav kev ua lag luam: cov khoom hauv txee tau sau nrog cov ntawv sau suav sau, uas tsuas yog cia tus neeg uas tsis tau yuav lub xov tooj txawb ntawm Internet los nrhiav lawv cov bearings ntawm qhov chaw. cov huab cua, muaj nqi - lawv tsis muaj kev qhia, hauv kev sib piv rau ntau yam nyiam "Duab ntawm Ltalis" los ntawm Pal Palych Muratov. Txawm li cas los xij, "Duab …", peb nco ntsoov, tsis yog phau ntawv qhia.
Thiab ntawm no yog phau ntawv qhia (zoo, nws zoo nkaus li) thiab yog kiag li devoid ntawm lub npe shortcomings - raws li yog hais tias nws yog cov lus teb rau qhov kev thov los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm connoisseurs. Tab sis nws tsis zoo heev rau cov ntawv qhia ib txwm siv. Nws tau sib xyaw nrog cov ntawv nyeem ntawm cov phau ntawv, cov duab ntawd heev, thiab cov duab ntawm modernist Amas-Ata tau los.
Phau ntawv tsim nyob rau tib lub hauv paus ntsiab lus li"
Moscow "2016, daws nyob rau hauv tib lub qauv, cov kab ntau yam 1955-1991 yog txhais; cov lus qhia yog luv, es tsis txhob xaus lus - tshooj ntawm dej thiab monumental daim duab (muaj cais VDNKh, metro thiab Zelenograd). Tab sis hauv" Moscow "78 yam khoom thiab 327 nplooj ntawv, hauv Amas-Ata muaj 351 phab thiab 53 yam khoom, thiab cov nplooj ntawv, ahem, yog qhov dav dua. Yog li, txhua yam khoom tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua. Yog li nws - cov ntawv ntev dua thiab suav nrog ntau cov kev sib thuam, uas, ib zaug ntxiv, tsis txhob cia ua xyem xyav, uas ntxiv rau kev xam phaj nrog cov neeg tam sim no Bronovitskaya-Malinin-Palmin nyeem tag nrho cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov phau ntawv (Dombrovsky feem ntau nco qab), saib xyuas txhua qhov yaj yeeb yaj kiab, ua haujlwm hauv cov ntawv sau, sib txuas lus nrog cov keeb kwm hauv kev sib raug zoo Cov.
Piv txwv li, zaj dab neeg ntawm Amas-Ata tsev noj mov sib xyaw keeb kwm ntawm nws cov neeg ua ntej, chav ua noj ntoo ntawm Kazkraisoyuz (1931-1933), ua los ntawm Gegello thiab Krichevsky los ntawm hav zoov zoo Altai hav zoov xyoo 1931-1933. Keeb kwm ntawm Amas-Ata tsev so suav nrog Stalinist Opera uas nyob ib sab thiab Ballet Theatre. Thiab yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua tsab xov xwm: cov neeg ua ntej, cov neeg nyob ze, kev sib piv txawv teb chaws, kev thuam, cov dab neeg hais txog pawg thawj coj hauv cheeb tsam, kev xyiv fab ntawm Soviet kev coj noj coj ua thiab kev ua neej, luv, Qeb, txoj hmoo ntawm cov tuam tsev thaum xyoo 1990 - 2000, tsis ntev los no ntawm monumental reliefs nrog phab ntsa ntub dej, txoj hmoo ntawm cov duab puab thiab facades pauv mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Diluted nrog keeb kwm dab neeg thiab anecdotes. Hais tiag "qhov ntsiab lus nthuav dav ntawm kev kos duab thiab kab lis kev cai, kev sib raug zoo thiab keeb kwm kev ua lag luam" - qhov no yog li cas cov kws sau lawv tus kheej tau txhais lawv txoj hauv kev.
Yog li ntawd, phau ntawv nyeem tsis yog phau ntawv qhia, tab sis raws li kos duab ntawm Amas-Ata tiam tam sim no. Maj mam, los ntawm ib lub tsev mus rau tom tsev, koj paub txog cov neeg tseem ceeb: Nikolai Ripinsky, uas yog tus ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tsev tsim qauv tshiab hauv nroog; nyob rau xyoo 1970, nws tau mus ncig Kazgorproekt, uas yog lub koom haum uas tsim rau nws tus kheej (txawm li cas los xij, thaum ntxov,los ntawm 1961) lub tsev ua tiav iav-thoob dej ntses, thiab "welded" hauv nws kom txog thaum ua tiav kev hloov kho ntawm lub tsev muag khoom. Ivan Belotserkovsky, tus thawj kws kes duab vajtse ntawm lub nroog txij li xyoo 1941, uas pheej rub Stalin cov ntawv tseem ceeb rau hauv lub ntsej muag. Los yog Evgenia Sidorkina, uas tau yug los hauv Vyatka, kawm hauv Leningrad, "poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog ib tus menyuam kawm ntawv [Gulfairus Ismailova], thiab tom qab ntawd - hauv nws lub tebchaws", rau tus neeg txiav tawm thiab l monumental sgraffito. Maj mam koj paub tias Amas-Ata, lub nroog me ntawm Verny, tau rov tsim kho ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj tsam tsuas yog tom qab tsov rog, tau txais ntau yam kev txiav txim siab ntawm modernist architecture thawj zaug hauv lub tebchaws uas tawm tswv yim: thawj tag nrho-iav ntsej muag, thawj cov dig muag, thawj zaug nkhaus phaj, thiab nyob rau hauv dav dav “Moscow tseem tsis tau Nws yog". Thiab qhov no yog nyob hauv Kazakhstan, qhov twg "txhua tus neeg laus nyob hauv kaum tau koom nrog kev tsim kho, [tab sis] tsuas yog ib puas tus neeg ua vaj tse" [cov lus ntawm Nikolai Ripinsky, 1971]. Tsis tas li ntawd, tom qab hloov chaw ntawm lub peev mus rau Astana, Amas-Ata modernism raug kev txom nyem tsawg dua los ntawm kev rhuav tshem thiab kev tsim kho vaj tse. Txawm hais tias nws raug kev txom nyem, hais txog qhov no hauv yuav luag txhua txhua tsab ntawv. Hauv lwm lo lus, Amas-Ata yog lub nroog uas muaj cov piv txwv ntawm thawj-chav kawm, feem ntau tau nce mus rau lub Union ntawm kev niaj hnub, zoo khaws cia thiab tsis dhau mus rau lub voj voog dav ntawm txawm tias cov kiv cua ntawm tiam no.
Ntawm no koj tsuas yog nraus txog yuav ua li cas: txhawm rau xoob thiab ceev nrawm mus rau Almaty, saib tej yam txaus nyiam, lossis nrog kev nplij siab thiab kev lom zem, dag ntawm lub rooj zaum, nyeem cov dab neeg zoo txog nws, assimilating cov npe thiab keeb kwm ua ntu zus muab rau peb nrog kev yooj yim. Tej zaum, thawj ob, tom qab ntawd thawj zaug, thiab tom qab ntawv dua zaum ob - phau ntawv, thiab qhov architecture no nws tus kheej, tsis yog txhua yam hais txog kev txawv txav ntawm Kazakh modernism, tab sis hais txog kev ua tsov rog tom qab hais txog, feem ntau hais txog nws qhov tseem ceeb.
Kev nthuav qhia los ntawm phau ntawv qhia “Amas-Ata: architecture ntawm Soviet modernism. Xyoo 1955-1991 "tau teem rau Lub Kaum Hlis 1 (Monday), thaum 19:30 hauv" Chaw Nres Tsheb "hauv Gorky Park.
