Hauv USSR, tsis muaj clinker, zoo li kev sib deev. Lub clinker factories ntawm Lavxias teb sab raug kaw tom qab lub kiv puag ncig vim tus nqi siab thiab kev tsim khoom ntawm kev tsim khoom. Hauv post-Soviet Russia, kev txaus siab rau clinker - rau qhov twg, los hais lus, Vitruvius 'triad ntawm architecture raws li tag nrho: lub zog, kav ntev, kev zoo nkauj - yog sai sai. Los ntawm 2014, qhov hloov ntawm clinker hauv peb lub teb chaws tau txog 26 lab daim. Thiab nws tseem loj hlob ntxiv, txawm hais tias qhov sib koom nrog kev lag luam tseem tsis tau loj, feem ntau cov thwv cib yog tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab Holland. Cov kws tsim khoom yog kiv cua ntawm clinker. Nug lawv txog hom cib no, koj tau lees tias yuav hnov zoo siab ntawm lub siab ntev ntawm paj huam siab.
Kev tha xim los ntawm masters qub
Ib qho ntawm cov tswv tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog clinker ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias tam sim no yog Sergey Skuratov, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Sergey Skuratov Architects. Hauv nws lub tsev muaj npe Art hauv Tessinsky Lane, Skuratov tsim cov "tawv nqaij" zoo nkauj ntawm cov xuas tes xuas tes ua nrog cov nplaim hluav taws, suav tag nrho lub cev ntawm lub tsev, suav nrog lub ru tsev. Cov tub ntxhais hluas ua qauv tsim, coj cov khoom siv zoo nkauj, tuaj hneev rau lub tsev ntawm qhov zoo ntawm kev kos duab thiab kev tsim kho zoo. Lub tsev kos duab tau txais ntau yam khoom plig thiab tau dhau los ua theem hauv kev txhim kho clinker hauv Lavxias.
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zooming 1/5 Embossed bricks rau ntawm cov facades ntawm "Art House" Yees duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 2/5 Embossed bricks rau ntawm cov facades ntawm "Art House" Yees duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 3/5 Chaw Nyob Lub Tsev "Daim Duab Tsev" © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
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zooming 4/5 Tus Tswv Lub Tsev "Lub Tsev Tsim Tsa" © Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS
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zooming 5/5 Embossed brick rau ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm "Art House" Yees duab: Archi.ru
Hauv lwm lub nroog ua yeeb yam nyob sab nraud, Lub Vaj Txheeb Ze, Sergei Skuratov mus ze rau ntawm cov pob zeb, hauv nws cov lus, piv rau daim duab ntawm cov qub tswv nrog nws txheej txheej, qhov twg dub los yog tsaus ntsuab txheej ci los ntawm qhov zoo raws cov xim liab. Cov liab clinker ntawm cov thim rov qab dub ntawm lub tshuaj khib sib txuam tsim cov txheej txheej no, thiab cov av ntsa nws tus kheej kuj tseem muaj xim nrog cov nplaim xim. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cib hauv qhov chaw yog loj heev; nws yog qhov zoo tshaj tawm ntawm pob zeb dawb thiab turquoise tooj liab. Lub cib yees tsim los ntawm Skuratov siv Hagemeister Gent Gartenviertel ntau yam tshwj xeeb tsim rau lawv.
Sergey Skuratov:
“Rau Lub Vaj Lub Vaj, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kuv kom nrhiav lub cib, ua ntej, cuam tshuam nrog cov tsoos Klein cib, thiab qhov thib ob, cov duab thaij rau nws tus kheej. Thaum tua, lub cib no muab ntau yam duab thiab thaj chaw. Ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov av nplaum sib xyaw rau hauv nws. Nws yog txoj. Ua raws li qhov twg lub cib nyob qhov twg, qhov degree ntawm nws qhov hluav taws kub sib txawv. Txo ze rau ntawm cov npoo ntawm qhov cub, qhov kub qhov siab dua, nws yuav tsaus dua. Qhov twg cov hluav taws kub yog pinpoint, nws ua melted xws li caramel. Kuv nyiam nws wildly, tuav no cib nyob rau hauv kuv txhais tes yog ib tug txaus siab. Qhov no yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kos duab. " (los ntawm phau ntawv xov xwm "Project Russia" No. 82, M., 2017. P. 43).
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zooming 1/3 Thaj Chaw Tsis Zoo "Sadovye kvartaly" Yees duab © Mikhail Rozanov
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zooming 2/3 thaj ntawm cov chaw nyob "Sadovye kvartaly" Yees duab © Mikhail Rozanov
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zooming 3/3 Lub Vaj Ncig Lub Zos Lub Chaw Nyob Thaj Tsam © Mikhail Rozanov
Kev koom tes muaj txiaj ntsig txuas ntxiv ntawm lwm cov khoom ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse. Rau lub tsev thaj chaw ntawm txoj kev. Burdenko, Hagemeister tau npaj tshwj xeeb cov clinker screen npe hu ua tom qab cov chaw no. Cov xim xuas tes ua lub pob zeb xuas tes ua los ntawm cherry mus rau greyish nws yog xim hlau thiab daj ocher. Tus txheej txheem cib nthuav dav rau txhua ntu ntawm phab ntsa. Tus qauv nyem ntawm cov cib thaiv tiv thaiv los ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm phab ntsa thiab tsim kom muaj kev zoo siab chiaroscuro ntxiv rau ntau xim.
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zooming 1/4 Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS. Lub tsev rau ntawm txoj kev. Burdenko Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 2/4 Sergey Skuratov KOS KEV KAWM. Lub tsev rau ntawm txoj kev. Burdenko Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 3/4 Sergey Skuratov ARCHITECTS. Lub tsev rau ntawm txoj kev. Burdenko Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 4/4 Sergey Skuratov TXOJ KEV KAWM. Lub tsev rau ntawm txoj kev. Burdenko Yees Duab: Archi.ru
Ib qho kev sib txig sib luag nrog kev txig yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm Egodom thaj chaw nyob. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau thaj chaw nyob "Egodom", lub tuam txhab Hagemeister, raws li cov duab kos ntawm Sergey Skuratov, ua cov EGODOM ntau yam, uas suav nrog cov hom Gent BU thiab Lubeck GT. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, Hagemeister tsim thiab KIRILL muab rau cov chaw tsim ua tiav yim hom cib rau Egodom qhov chaw nyob, tshwj xeeb: cov khoom tawv tawv nrog peb sab ua ntej, lub cib nrog sab pem hauv ntej "txaj", thiab ib tus lej ntawm cov tsis muaj txheej txheem cib. rau cov kos duab ntawm Sergey Skuratov lub chaw …
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zooming 1/3 RC "Egodom" © Sergey Skuratov KWS TSIM NYOG
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zooming 2/3 RC "Egodom" © Sergey Skuratov KWS TSIM NYOG
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zooming 3/3 RC "Egodom" © Sergey Skuratov KWS TSIM NYOG
Sergey Skuratov koom nrog European kev ua yeeb yaj kiab qhia txog Hagemeister, thiab xyoo 2019 hauv nws lub chaw lis haujlwm, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Lub Vaj Quoog, KIRILL lub tuam txhab nrog Hagemeister lub tuam txhab tuav lawv thawj kev sib tham ntawm Lavxias ntawm clinker. Lub Plaub Hlis 2021, lub rooj sib tham tau npaj siab yuav ua nyob rau hauv "Ruin" pavilion ntawm State Museum ntawm Architecture. Shchusev.
Xim, yas, nyem
Andrey Romanov, lub taub hau ntawm ADM, tshaj tawm tias txhua yam tuaj yeem muaj hauv cib. Hauv Maison Rouge cov sibntsib tsev cov tsev thiab ntawm Ordynka, nws tau tiav, ua tsaug rau kev siv clinker, kev tsim kho kom zoo ntawm lub fa facade, thiab kev zoo nkauj thiab kav ntev thiab, yog li ntawd, ib puag ncig kev phooj ywg ntawm cov tsev uas clinker muab yog qhov xav tau zoo hauv lub nroog tshiab. Tsib caug thiab ib puas xyoo tom qab, lub tsev yuav tsum saib kom zoo li thaum nws tsim, ces nws yuav tiv thaiv. Hauv RC "River Park" thiab RC "Vitality" muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cib, raws cov yas loj. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, kev siv ntawm clinker muab cov kws kes duab vajtse hloov tau txoj kev qhia.
Andrey Romanov, CEO ntawm ADM:
Peb nyiam ua haujlwm nrog clinker vim tias nws yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj kev ntxhib los mos heev. Qhov no yog qhov hu ua cov khoom me me, nws muaj ntau lub ntsiab, txhua qhov - yog tias nws yog cov khoom lag luam ntawm tus tsim khoom zoo - muaj nws tus kheej ntxoov ntxoo thiab kev ntxhib los mos. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau niaj hnub architecture, txij li, tsis zoo li classical, nws tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus ntau, xws li platbands, balusters, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog laconic, uas txhais tau tias cov khoom siv yuav tsum tau nthuav. Tus clinker, txawm tias muaj laconic teeb duab, tsim kev pom zoo ntxias cov duab zoo nkauj.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm cib hauv lub nroog niaj hnub yog tias nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov duab kos duab tsis yog rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj rau pej xeem. Rau tus tib neeg, rau kev nplij siab lub siab, kev pom kev sib txawv yog qhov tseem ceeb, zoo ib yam hauv qhov. Qhov no yog physiology "hardwired" rau peb. Peb tsis tuaj yeem nyob ntev ntev hauv qhov chaw zoo ua kom tsis muaj ntxaij thiab cov ntsiab lus, tsis muaj ntau qhov chaw thiab duab ntxoo. Cib txig ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm peb tus kheej. Qhov no yog tib neeg cov khoom.
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zooming 1/3 Thaj Chaw Vaj Tsev ntawm Malaya Ordynka. ADM Photo © Yaroslav Lukyanchenko / muab los ntawm ADM
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zooming 2/3 Lub Tsev Lub Tsev Nyob ntawm Malaya Ordynka. ADM Photo © Yaroslav Lukyanchenko / muab los ntawm ADM
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zooming 3/3 Lub Tsev Thaj Chaw Nyob ntawm Malaya Ordynka. ADM Photo © Yaroslav Lukyanchenko / muab los ntawm ADM
Puas yog nws ua tau los tsim ib yam tshiab hauv cov khoom qub zoo li av ci? Yog, kiag li. Cib yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau cov ntaub ntawv yas, nws muaj ntau txoj kev xav. Thawj qhov uas clinker muab yog xim. Muaj ntau yam koj tuaj yeem ua nrog xim. Txoj cai xim yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm zoo. Cov txheej txheem muaj tswv yim hauv architecture, tsawg kawg ntawm peb qhov teeb meem, raug teeb tsa nyob rau hauv xws li txoj kev uas xav txog cov xim ntawm cov khoom tuaj ib txhij nrog kev xav txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab kev kos duab ntawm lub ntsej muag. Ntawm River Park thiab Vitality, peb tau tsim Hagemeister clinker sib xyaw uas koj yuav tsis pom hauv lwm qhov haujlwm. Lawv txawm muab lawv tus kheej lub npe.
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zooming 1/3 RC "Dej Chaw Ua Si". ADM © ADM
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zooming 2/3 RC "River Park". ADM © ADM
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zooming 3/3 RC "Chaw Ua Si Hav Zoov". ADM © ADM
Qhov thib ob muaj zog taw tes ntawm clinker yog nws cov khoom yas. Nws tso cai rau koj kom nquag ua haujlwm nrog cov yas ntawm lub ntsej muag. Peb tuaj yeem nrog cov ntsiab lus nyuaj thiab clinker yuav tso cai rau lawv kom pom tau. Piv txwv li, pylons triangular nyob rau hauv txoj kev npaj nyob hauv qhov tseem ceeb thaj chaw txuas lossis nkhaus bay qhov rais nce rau sab hauv hauv Dej Chaw Ua Si Hauv Chaw Ua Si. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem muab cov yas sib sib zog nqus ncaj qha rau lub masonry, tsim cov pob kws ua pob zeb lossis hloov pob zeb ntawm lub kaum sab xis, zoo li ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm Ordynka 19 thaj chaw nyob lossis Maison Rouge lub tsev koom ua ke. Cov tswv yim zoo no tsim cov chiaroscuro nyuaj thiab ua rau lub ntsej muag muaj ntau lub ntsej muag. Zoo, thiab, ntawm chav kawm, clinker cib yooj yim dua lwm qhov ntawm cov kab nkhaus ntawm lub ntsej muag."
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zooming 1/3 Club Lub Tsev Tseem Ceeb. ADM © ADM
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zooming 2/3 Club Lub Tsev Tseem Ceeb. ADM © ADM
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zooming 3/3 Club Lub Tsev Tseem Ceeb. ADM © ADM
Venice thiab Byzantium hauv Moscow
Daim duab ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm thaj chaw ntawm thaj chaw "thaj chaw ntawm Suav Mandarin Oriental" ntawm Sofiyskaya Embankment, tsim los ntawm Ilya Utkin ua ke nrog cov qauv tsim qauv - AB Sergey Skuratov architects, uas tau coj lawv tus kheej txhua qhov kev pom zoo thiab kev tawm tsam kom zoo rau qhov zoo hauv "zoo nkauj classicist”, qhov kawg nkaus ntawm lub ntsej muag, yog raws li kev sib tham ntawm clinker thiab marbled limestone.
Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov pob zeb liab thiab pob zeb dawb yog feem ntau pom hauv cov nroog keeb kwm: hauv Moscow, pib nrog Kremlin yees, Amsterdam, London, Boston, tom qab ntawd txhua qhov chaw. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau piav qhia txog qhov Venice muaj feem dab tsi nrog nws. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias tus kws kes duab vajtse Ilya Utkin xav tsis tau tsuas yog tsim kom muaj qhov tsw qab hauv Moscow hauv kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsej muag, nws tau dai kom zoo nkauj ntawm lub ntsej muag nrog cov qauv Byzantine. Tom qab tag nrho, Moscow yog tus txais rau Constantinople, thiab peb muaj ntau yam ntawm Byzantine: los ntawm cov cim rau cov qauv tswj hwm. Thiab cov koom pheej Venetian hauv lub xyoo pua 15 kuj tseem xav txog nws tus kheej tias cov neeg tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tuag Byzantium, cov kws tsim kho lub tsev haujlwm Byzantine ua haujlwm nyob ntawd, thiab tsis yog rau kev tsim tsa Cathedral ntawm San Marco. Thiab Utka facades nrog lub siab zoo clinker thiab dawb marble geometric "lace" tau ze rau Venetian cov khoom kim heev thiab xim tshaj li Moscow dawb pob zeb niaj hnub ua neej nyob.
Ilya Utkin:
“Niaj hnub nimno cib nyiam, ua ntej txhua yam, los ntawm ntau yam ntawm cov qauv thiab xim! Cib, thiab tshwj xeeb clinker, muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo - cov ntaub ntawv loj: nws muab cov nplaim nthuav dav uas tsim nyog rau tib neeg lub qhov muag. Ib qho ntxiv, ib tus neeg muaj lub siab ntseeg nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv no raws li lub sijhawm ntsuas! Tus clinker yog conditionally eternal!
Nyob rau hauv thaj chaw hauv thaj chaw ntawm Sofiyskaya Naberezhnaya, qhov twg kuv tsim tsuas yog lub ntsej muag, thiab tag nrho qhov project tau ua los ntawm Sergey Skuratov, peb tau sim ua kom haum rau hauv cov tuam tsev ib puag ncig. Lub tsev qaum teb ntawm lub tsev No. 3, uas pom los ntawm ib sab ntawm Kremlin, qhov twg keeb kwm muaj cov tsev siab nyob qis qis, yog kev daws teeb meem architectural nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ntau lub tsev cov tsev nyob. Kev sib xyaw ntawm av ci thiab pob zeb pab peb hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab. Ob lub tsev ntawm cov plag tsev sib txawv ua kom pom tseeb. Lub tsev zeb lub tsev yog qhov dav me ntsis dua li lub tsev cib. Qhov peb-zaj dab neeg ntawm lub tsev tawm mus rau pem hauv ntej, sib sau ua ib daim duab ntaiv rau hauv pem teb sab saud ntawm plaub-ntu ntu. Cib facade yog sib cais los ntawm ledges los ntawm pob zeb ib. Qhov sib thooj sib xyaw ua ke no yog sib koom ua ke los ntawm ib leeg phaj thiab siv tawv ntawm ciam teb.
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zooming Facade ntawm lub tsev No. 3 ntawm thaj chaw nyob ntawm Sofiyskaya embankment. Ilya Utkin thiab Sergey Skuratov cov kws ua duab Yees duab: Ilya Utkin
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zooming Cov vaj tse ntawm thaj chaw nyob ntawm Sofiyskaya embankment. AIlya Utkin thiab Sergey Skuratov cov kws ua duab Yees duab: Ilya Utkin
Qhov sib xyaw ntawm lub ntsej muag sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev thib peb kuj tseem ua rau pob zeb ua ke thiab pob zeb sib xyaw. Hauv qab qis qis ntawm lub ntsej muag yog tsim los ntawm cov dej hiav txwv marbled. Sab qaum ntawm façade yog ua los ntawm xim av ntsej muag cib thiab pob zeb ntsiab lus sab nraud ntawm sab nrauv. Qhov cib no nws tus kheej muaj kev nplua nuj zoo nkauj hauv lub masonry yooj yim. Tab sis peb ua cov nyom masonry tsim muaj ntau txawm tias tau ntau daim ntawv nplua nuj. Ua ntej, cib pylons tau nteg nrog xeb tawm, tom qab ntawd lawv hloov pauv nrog cov ciam teb, thiab ntawm kev sib tshuam nrog cov pob kws puab lawv tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog cov pob zeb carved inlay. Cib cornice yog ua los ntawm qhov sib txawv kab rov tav cib teeb tsa txoj kev poob lawm. Kev sib xyaw ua ke nrog tus qauv ciam teb nrog ib tus me me, cov kauj ruam nthuav dav nrog cov dav hlau thiab cov ces kaum muab cov nplua nuj tsim ntawm cov duab dav zuag qhia tag nrho ntawm cov pob kws kawg."
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Peb qhov ua piv txwv no tau qhia tias clinker ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau ntau hom. Tias nws ib leeg muab lub tsev lav ntawm qhov zoo thiab lub neej ntev. Peb tuaj yeem hais, tej zaum, tias cov lus hais tias "cib zoo nkauj - thiab tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi ntxiv" yog qhov tsim nyog rau architecture, vim hais tias niaj hnub no peb saib txiaj ntsig thiab kev tiv thaiv cov tuam tsev kev lag luam ntawm XIX-XX ib puas xyoo los ntawm cov cib, uas tau txiav txim siab zoo tib yam los ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub, tsis yog tsawg kawg vim yog cov khoom siv. Thiab yog hais tias tus txawj sau ntawv tseem coj ntawm clinker, qhov tseeb masterpieces yug.
