Kev hlub rau txoj kev zoo ua rau lawv lub siab tawg …
Naum Korzhavin. Hauv nco txog Herzen
Zodchestvo kev ua koob tsheej tau ua rau nees nkaum-xya lub sijhawm, kev ua haujlwm lub sijhawm thirieth yuav los sai sai, nws tau ntev los ua qhov khoom ntiag tug ntawm cov txheej txheem txhua xyoo. Tab sis ib tus neeg tsim nyob rau hauv qhov uas nws piv nrog ze tshaj - thiab piv rau xyoo dhau los lub koob tsheej tam sim no, nws twv yuav raug hu zoo dua. Tseem, hauv chav qis dua ntawm Manezh tsis yog qhov chaw rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm qib no, tab sis ci ntsa iab ntawm kev tawm tsam, tab sis tau ntev, Gostiny Dvor tsuas yog qhov ntawd. Lub ci ci ntawm lub hnub ntawm lub tsev ntawm Quarenghi, tus kws kes duab vajtse uas, raws li koj paub, muaj tsev neeg loj heev thiab yog li tsim tau ib qho nyiaj tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis zoo thiab nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub pom tau - pab kho kom zoo nkauj.
Xav tias yuav qhib kev ua koob tsheej, tus thawj coj ntawm SAR thiab AUU Nikolay Shumakov tau tawm tswv yim txog nws cov ntsiab lus - Kev Nyuaj Siab - npaj siab los ntawm cov kws saib xyuas xyoo ob Vladimir Kuzmin thiab Vladislav Savinkin, qee yam zoo li no: "kom coj kev sib raug zoo hauv peb lub neej, mus rau hauv txoj kev hlub, thaum kawg Nws tsis zoo li tias lub xeev tam sim no ntawm architecture ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm peb txoj kev nco qab thiab ua tus, tab sis peb tseem ntseeg tias qhov no yuav tshwm sim, tias peb yuav nyob hauv ib haiv neeg sib txawv, hauv kev tsim kho sib txawv, hauv peb txoj kev sib raug zoo … Xyoo tas los, cov neeg ua yeeb yam tau koom nrog 28,000 tus neeg hauv 3 hnub. Kuv cia siab tias yuav muaj ntau dua xyoo no, tsis yog tias chav tsev tau loj dua, tab sis vim tias tib neeg kev xav tsis thoob, lo lus "architecture" tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Raws li txoj cai, lawv txhais tau tias yog toj roob hauv pes, tab sis txhua qhov zoo ib yam, kos duab "teeb". Tag kis peb yuav nyob hauv lub zej zog pob tshab, ntawm kev muaj pob tshab."
Lub ntsiab lus txhais ntawm cov ncauj lus tau muab los ntawm tus thawj coj vajtse ntawm thaj av Moscow, Alexandra Kuzmina: "… los ntawm kev npaj tswv yim hauv nroog, cov ncauj lus no tuaj yeem txhais raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm permeability ntawm nroog ntaub, rau ib tug neeg ua haujlwm - raws li kev ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov txheej txheem los nthuav qhia peb cov phiaj xwm, tshwj xeeb, rau cov pej xeem. " Alexandra Kuzmina kuj tau piav txog qhov kev lom zem no "yog qhov kev tshwm sim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, zoo tshaj plaws ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej. "Cov tub txawg sib tw, tsis tshua muaj kev pib xyaum ua, nws tsis yog txoj kev coj los ua cov haujlwm virtual ntawm no. Lawv tsis khav theeb ntawm cov khw thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm no." Nyob rau hauv uas Nikolai Shumakov sov siab txhawb nqa nws: "Qhov no tsuas yog kev ua koob tsheej kev lom zem thiab kev sib tham, lub platform rau koj thiab kuv, cov kws tshaj lij kev ua haujlwm thiab, qhov thib ob, kev ua haujlwm tsim qauv. Tsis yog neeg siv khoom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cib, paving pob zeb thiab iav. " Kuv hais txog tej kab lus uas nws kim heev, vim tias zoo li tsis tshua muaj kev teeb tsa thiab cov neeg tuaj koom tso lub koob tsheej ces pob tshab.
"Zodchestvo", raws li koj paub, muaj ntau ntu: cov sawv cev ntawm cov chav tsev ua haujlwm sab hauv sab nrauv thiab nroog ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov tsev loj; curatorial txhais ntawm cov ncauj lus muab; me me, xyoo no nws zoo li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, nthuav tawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab kev tshuaj xyuas-kev sib tw ntawm cov neeg thov "Crystal Daedalus" thiab nws tus tub Icarus (kho: "Tatlin", - ed.).
Xyoo no, thawj zaug - cov chaw sawv cev ntawm tus neeg sawv cev - tshwj xeeb yog tsim. Lawv tau txais loj heev, loj-teev sawv ntawm sab xis thiab sab laug, thiab yuav luag txhua tus neeg tig lawv lub ces kaum, uas tsis tuaj yeem hu nrog nrog qhov loj me thiab lub kaum ntse ntse, dhau los ua kev nthuav dav zoo nkauj. Ib koom pheej tso ib qho kev sib tham sib thuam, tswj hwm los ntawm ib nthwv tes. Lwm qhov, echoing lub ntsiab lus tshaj tawm, tso cov qauv zoo nkauj. Ib lub nroog yav qab teb tau tso ib tus qauv ntawm qhov loj me uas ib tus xav tau tam sim ntawd ua luam dej hauv nws. Pom hais tias cov kauj ruam tom ntej yuav yog ib qho chaw tso dej qab ntsev, uas yuav zoo. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov nroog loj npaj cov tsev yog tus cwj pwm - Ntxiv mus, ib qho sawv ntsug, ib lub tsev haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab muaj nyob ntev, nrog uas, raws li kuv nco qab, cov neeg tiv thaiv nroog tau rov qab sib tw hauv xyoo 1987, thiab tej zaum txawm tias ntxov dua, tau muab rau kev lom zem thiab nyob rau thawj hnub yog tag nrho cov duab ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia Moscow. Tus poj niam zoo nkauj ntxhi ntsej muag hauv Zodchestvo pab T-lub tsho, tsuas yog ob peb feeb tom qab qhib, sim muab rau kuv xim cim xim thiab hloov nws mus rau xim. Lub sijhawm ntawd hauv kuv lub taub hau nws tau sau cov paj huam zoo li cas rau peb xyoo 1987 txog lub koom haum no; Tab sis peb yog cov menyuam yaus thaum ntawd, peb yuav raug zam txim - tab sis kuv tsis muaj lub tswv yim tias nyob rau hauv 32, huag, rau 32 xyoo lub koom haum no yuav ua haujlwm zoo li no nrog cov hluas ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam, muab rau kos duab lossis pleev xim rau qee yam hauv Moscow.
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zooming 1/5 Sawv ntawm Lub Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Daim Phiaj Xwm Loj. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 2/5 Sawv Los Ntawm GlavAPU. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 3/5 Sawv Ntawm GlavAPU. Kev ua koob tsheej "Zodchestvo" 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 4/5 Sawv Los Ntawm GlavAPU. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 5/5 Qauv ntawm Novorossiysk. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, ua ntej ob lub yeej tau ua tus coj, thiab thaj chaw ntawm thaj tsam nrog kev sib txawv ntawm kev ua tiav tau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog lub siab nyiam dai ntawm phab ntsa ntau cov ntsiav tshuaj zoo sib xws nrog cov ntawv me me thiab cov duab, cov haujlwm zoo sib xws thiab ntau yam kev npaj - tam sim no nws yog qee qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov ntiaj teb: nws zoo li, tag nrho cov kev tswj hwm, zoo, lossis txhua tus nquag (tsawg dua 25 xyoo dhau los) tau ua tiav kev kos duab ntawm kev hais lus hauv cov lus tshaj tawm hauv xov xwm, lom zem thiab ntxias cov saib, npaj cov hauv ncoo, lub rooj ntev zaum thiab cov ntxaij vab tshaus, hauv ib lo lus, tsis ntev peb cov neeg txais tos tau tos qhov kev sim tshiab nrog cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev, cov ntaub ntawv zoo heev, ncaj qha thiab tsis qhia ncaj qha rau cov neeg tuaj saib ntawm kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj npaum li cas lub teb chaws.
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zooming 1/4 Lub rooj sawv cev ntawm Pawg Thawj Tswj Haujlwm Hauv Nroog Moscow yeej ib txwm ua tau zoo, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau lees tias xyoo no nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Nws qhia txog cov haujlwm ntawm "Qhib Lub Nroog", yog li ua raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm, tab sis nyob hauv daim ntawv hloov kho dua tshiab, fresher thiab daim ntawv qib siab dua. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 2/4 Sawv Los Ntawm Moskomarkhitektura. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 3/4 Sawv Kev Sawv Cev ntawm Pawg Kws Tswj Xyuas Tsev Kawm Ntawv Hauv Nroog. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 4/4 Sawv cev ntawm Pawg Kws Tswj Xyuas Tsev Kawm Ntawv Hauv Nroog Moscow. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm curatorial nthuav dav hauv nruab nrab rau tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm Chav Nyob thiab feem ntau yog nyob hauv cov yas ntsa hauv lub tsev ntoo, ua los ntawm cov tuam txhab uas nws lub npe tau hais txog txhua txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, nrog rau QR code - hmoov tsis zoo, tib neeg yuav luag nres xo txuas rau lawv qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj muag khoom sawv hauv qhov yooj yim, thiab tam sim no txhua yam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, tab sis cia peb cia siab tias qhov kev zam no yuav dhau. Qhov tsis yog kev ua lag luam, nws kuj yog lub ntsiab lus, ib feem ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam muaj nyiaj ntau thiab mob siab rau kev kawm - menyuam yaus, tub ntxhais kawm, cov tub ntxhais hluas cov tub txawg, cov tsev kawm txuj ci, lub taub hau rov qab vim muaj ntau ntawm lawv, txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv, hmoov tsis, tsis yog ib txwm ua tiav, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, cov rooj zaum tsis tau ua tiav. Dab tsi yog qhov tsis txaus siab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws tawm mus rau cov catalog ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Lavxias teb sab nrog kev ua kom pom lub tsev kawm ntawv, qhov twg tsis txhua daim yog qhov sau, thiab txawm tias tsis muaj ib daim npav tau kos npe, thiab koj tuaj yeem rov kho lawv, xws li tus tsim, thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv. Xa cov ntawv txuas rau koj phau ntawv teev, lossis dab tsi … huh? Tej yaam num ua rau cov hluas thiab kev kawm muaj kev sib tshuam, txawm li cas los xij, nrog cov khoom pov thawj ntawm cov khoom pov thawj - sawv ntawm cov phiaj xwm uas twb tau ua pov thawj nyob rau ib qho twg thiab yuav txuas ntxiv mus, thiab ob peb qhov kev ua yeeb yam cais. Ib lub tsev qhia ntawv nthuav qhia cov menyuam yaus: qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj thaum cov neeg koom nrog kev kawm ua haujlwm ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam, xws li tau tshwm sim dhau los, piv txwv li, ntawm Venice Biennale.
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zooming 1/5 Sawv Ntawm DTS SMA. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 2/5 Sawv DTS SMA. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 3/5 Kev Teeb Nruab "Cov Qauv ntawm Tus Kws Ua Haujlwm", saib xyuas los ntawm Eduard Kubensky. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 4/5 Kev Teeb Nruab "Cov Qauv ntawm Tus Kws Ua Haujlwm", saib xyuas los ntawm Eduard Kubensky. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 5/5 Khoom cuav dag lossis yas pleev xim - cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ua thiab debugging tshiab cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub phiaj xwm Project Russia, ua los ntawm Yulia Shishalova; studio Dabneeg. Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
Los ntawm txoj kev, Venice Biennale thiab Biennale feem ntau yog cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb, npau suav thiab tu siab. Txhua tus xav kom zoo li biennale, npaj cov koob tsheej zoo li biennials, tawm mus rau hauv lub nroog zoo li nws thiab muaj qhov chaw txias zoo nkauj, zoo dua hauv tib lub Arsenal. Zoo, koj tuaj yeem ua dab tsi, cov phooj ywg, yog tias koj tau nrhiav tus cwj pwm ntawm koj tus kheej qhov chaw nrog lub peev xwm ntawm Arsenal ua ntu zus los rhuav tshem thiab hloov nrog tej yam zoo nkauj dua. Tab sis hauv qhov chaw niaj hnub, koj tuaj yeem muaj duab nrog b hais txog zoo heev kev nplij siab thiab nqaij. Tej zaum txawm tias muaj cov kev tshaj tawm zoo, yog tias koj nruab, piv txwv li, swb thiab ua viav vias rau menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus caij.
Txoj kev hla nruab nrab ntawm kev txiav tawm ntawm chav ua noj yog nyob ntawm ib qho chaw uas zoo ib yam li Fuller kheej, nws muaj ntau yam khoom ntawm cov chaw nto moo, sab qaum teb-nroog thiab Volga-thaj chaw hais txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm "Transparency". Lawv txhua tus zoo nkauj thiab zoo heev los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv, thiab tus thawj coj, uas tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, yog qhov khoom ntawm Sergei Skuratov, qhov chaw ntawm cov lus sib tham hauv Facebook ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse thiab tus saib xyuas Vladimir Kuzmin tau luam tawm ntawm cov pob tshab yas siv cov ntuag -saib luam ntawv txheej txheem, thaum lub sij hawm thawj zaug tsis kam ua qhov khoom, thiab qhov thib ob yaum nws, thiab kev sib tham xaus nrog kev txiav txim siab los tshaj tawm cov ntawv sau. Peb yuav tsum them se rau txoj kev ingenuity ntawm Sergei Skuratov thiab coincidence ntawm cov xwm txheej - no pawg neeg dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev pab cuam; thiab tus kws tshaj lij tus kws tshaj lij muab nws tso rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab, raws li, los ntawm txoj kev, thiab rov ua txoj haujlwm "Txawv ntawm Tus Kws Ua Haujlwm" ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas yav tom ntej ntawm "Zodchestvo-2020" Eduard Kubensky hauv qab lub hnub lub tshav, thiab qhov twg tam sim no ci thiab ntxhoo.
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zooming 1/7 Kev Nruab Nruab los ntawm Sergei Skuratov ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Lub pob tshab ntawm lub tswv yim - lub tswv yim ntawm kev pob tshab". Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 2/7 Zodchestvo Kev Lom Zem 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 3/7 Installation Portner architects / Sasha Lukich yf ntve "Lub pob tshab ntawm lub tswv yim - lub tswv yim ntawm kev pob tshab". Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 4/7 Kev Nruab Nruab los ntawm Timur Bashkaev ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Lub pob tshab ntawm lub tswv yim - lub tswv yim ntawm kev pob tshab". Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 5/7 Kev Nruab Nruab los ntawm Vladimir Plotkin thiab Maria Ilyevskaya ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Lub pob tshab ntawm lub tswv yim - lub tswv yim ntawm kev pob tshab". Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 6/7 Kev Nruab Nruab los ntawm Vladimir Plotkin thiab Maria Ilyevskaya ntawm lub ntsiab lus "Lub pob tshab ntawm lub tswv yim - lub tswv yim ntawm kev pob tshab". Zodchestvo Festival 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
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zooming 7/7 Zodchestvo Kev Lom Zem 2019 Yees Duab: Archi.ru
Lub koob tsheej, raws li ib txwm, tsis muaj qhov nkag siab, yog li kuv thov zam txim rau tsis hais txog txhua tus - koj tuaj yeem tau pom tias kuv tsis tshua hais txog leej twg hlo li hauv qhov kev ntsuam xyuas luv luv no. Nws yog qhov zoo dua tuaj thiab pom txhua yam thiab txhua tus nrog koj tus kheej lub qhov muag, thiab tag nrho cov npe ntawm cov neeg tuaj yeem tuaj yeem pom hauv Zodchestvo lub vev xaib.
Lub caij no, lub ncauj lus "Transparency" yog qhov nyuaj, nplua nuj thiab txaus ntshai, uas yog tseeb twb tau los ntawm cov lus saum toj no ntawm cov koom haum thiab koom nrog. Tau kawg, muaj kev ua kom pom tseeb hauv architecture thiab npaj hauv nroog - qhov no yog lub iav tsis muaj npe los ntawm cov chav sib tham ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam thiab txawm tias nws cov kev tswj hwm tau ua tam sim no, uas yog vim li cas, hmoov tsis, ntawm cov ntxaij teeb pom kev los ntawm lub hnub, me me yog pom thaum lub sijhawm lub hnub (tab sis nws zoo heev rau yav tsaus ntuj). Koj muaj peev xwm mloog thiab saib (zoo, thaum yav tsaus ntuj) tsis tas nkag mus hauv sab hauv. Tab sis lub suab tawm sab nraud mus. Qhov no yog qhov ib txwm pob tshab rau cov kws kes duab vajtse, uas txhais tau tias txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb thiab yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi: pom kev, nkag mus ntawm lub hnub ci, cov txiaj ntsig levitation ntawm thawj theem, qhov kev ci ntsa iab thiab kev ua lag luam ua tiav ntawm cov yeeb yam, thiab nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tsim kom muaj kev txhawb nqa hauv nroog. Nws kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog qhov txaus ntshai ntawm dystopia, piav qhia los ntawm Mikhail Zamyatin thiab zoo ntxoo los ntawm Totan Kuzembaev hauv kev tawm tswv yim rau nws cov khoom - "… cov quav quav dej ntws los ntawm cov kav dej pob tshab." Ntawm no koj pib tsis ntseeg siab seb koj puas yuav tsum tau npau suav txog kev ua neej nyob hauv zej tsoom neeg pob tshab thiab pob tshab.
Tab sis qhov npau suav tseem nyob. Thiab nws yog qhov tseeb hais tias nws tsis yog hais txog kev ua neej nyob hauv lub khob ntim iav uas lub hnub dhau los rau sawv daws. Nws yog hais txog kev hloov pauv, kev ua kom huv, ib haiv neeg zoo dua thiab lub neej zoo dua, tsis hais peb yuav tsum tau txais los tsis tsim nyog, nws muaj peev xwm ua npau suav (txawm hais tias rau ib tus neeg Orthodox, los ntawm txoj kev, raws li ib tug txiv plig tau piav qhia, kev npau suav yog kev txhaum) Cov. Lub xub ntiag ntawm qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev npau suav - xws li, tsis muaj kev zam cai thiab kev tshwj tseg, muaj lub siab xav tau zoo dua, thiab tseem muaj sia nyob zoo dua - yog nkag siab, nkag siab thiab mob siab vim muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub kev cia siab, txawm hais tias tom qab ntawd nws feem ntau hloov tawm tias nrog kua muag hauv peb lub qhov muag peb npau suav ntawm yam sib txawv, leej twg, raws li lawv hais, txog Txoj Cai, thiab leej twg hais txog nqaij jellied, txawm hais tias nws yuav zoo dua, tau kawg, uas muaj ob qho tib si.
Tab sis nws yog xav paub yuav ua li cas, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm no tsis khov kev zoo nkauj ntawm lub pob tshab - viav ob qho tib si hauv kev muaj tiag, hauv qab taw thiab tes, thiab hauv kev nkag siab kuj tsis ruaj khov - ruaj khov, dav, cheb tsev sawv ntawm thaj chaw thiab cov tsev loj hlob. Muaj ib zaug nyob rau hauv Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, General Secretary ntawm Central Committee ntawm CPSU, ib lub tuam txhab los nthuav ob lub zos lossis cov liaj teb ib txwm muaj, tom qab ntawd cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau nyob hauv cov tee, nws yog qhov zoo uas lawv tsis nyob hauv Siberia. e, thiab ze dua kev tsheb nqaj hlau, txhawm rau ua kom zoo dua kev tsim khoom thiab kev tswj hwm. Cov tsev sab laug los ntawm cov sij hawm tau ntev tau rhuav tshem, overgrown nrog hav zoov, nroj thiab sow niam; qee zaum "npauj npaim tis" tshwm sim rau lawv, xws li hauv ib qhov project ntawm "Drevolyutsiya" los ntawm Chukhloma hav zoov, thaj tsis pom zoo npau suav ntawm ya. Thiab qee cov ntsiab lus, tom qab nthuav dav, loj hlob thiab vam meej, tshwj xeeb yog cov uas tig mus rau hauv monotowns; tab sis lawv ces wilted, tab sis hais tias yog lwm zaj dab neeg.
Yog li kuv tham txog dab tsi? Hauv Architecture, qhov sib thooj ntawm ob lub tswv yim yog qee qhov pom tseeb: kev npau suav ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej nyob deb, lub ntiaj teb zoo tagnrho ntawm Isaac Asimov, ib txhij nco txog thiab thuam, tab sis tseem npau suav. Thiab txoj kev loj hlob tiag tiag pom ntawm cov chaw sawv cev hauv cheeb tsam, nrog kev nce qib tsim nyog ntawm lawv cov neeg tsim qauv thiab kev pabcuam PR. Cov no yog cov txheej txheem sib txawv heev, Kuv yuav tsis hais tias lawv rov qab sib txawv, zoo ib yam - tom qab tag nrho, cov kws tshaj lij tam sim no yog cov kws tshaj lij tsim qauv, lawv tau qhia qhov no nrog lawv cov phiaj xwm nthuav dav. Lawv yog cov neeg sib tshooj hauv lub sijhawm thiab hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg sib txawv. Qee lub sij hawm nws zoo li tias cov neeg no taug kev, noj ib sab lossis lwm tus, nrog cov kab khiav ua ke, thiab tsis tau raws li. Qee tus ntawm qee zaum nco qab li cas lawv tseem xav tau cov kev tswj hwm kev pab cuam thiab pib nrhiav nws, nug lawv cov neeg paub. Thiab tsis tas ib txwm ua tiav. Lwm tus tej zaum kuj xav paub yog tias lawv xav tau cov kws kes duab vajtse, lossis lawv puas tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm ob peb tus qauv tsim qauv? Los sis yog nws tib yam?
