Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, qub txeeg qub tes ntawm Ivan Rodionovich Batashev, tus tswv ntawm cov tsev tsim hlau hauv Vyksa, yog lub tsev loj tshaj plaws hauv Zayauzie, nrog kev pom thiab nyias nyias, tsis yog-tus qauv kev pab nyob rau ntawm lub verge ntawm thaum ntxov thiab paub tab. classicism. Kev sau ntawv tsis paub, tab sis lub tsev pheebsuab yog ntaus nqi rau Vasily Bazhenov, tom qab ntawd mus rau Charles da Valya (tsis muaj laj thawj), lossis rau nws tus tub ntxhais kawm Rodion Kazakov (uas ntau dua). Cov hauj lwm tau saib xyuas los ntawm Mikhail Kiselnikov, kawm tiav thiab ua pawg thawj coj ntawm Cov Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci, raws li qee qhov chaw cov serf ntawm Batashevs, raws li lwm tus tub luam tus tub; nws ntseeg tau tias cov nyem ntawm cov facades yog nws (rau cov nyem, saib, piv txwv, ntawm no).
Lub tsev pheeb suab tau zoo khaws cia, txawm hais tias nws hlawv thaum xyoo 1812. Xyoo 1870, Batashev qub txeeg qub teg tau muag rau lub nroog thiab rov tsim kho lub tsev kho mob Yauzskaya; thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, ntau lub tsev tshwm sim hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm neoampire ntawm lub Hnub Nyoog Nyiaj, tus sau ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv yog Illarion Ivanov-Shits. Hauv Soviet lub sijhawm, tsev kho mob tau hloov npe hu ua Medsantrud, xyoo 1920 nws yog koom nrog GPU, tom qab ntawd mus rau cov chaw kho mob. Tam sim no lub tsev kho mob muaj npe raws li ib tug kws qhia uas ua haujlwm nyob rau xyoo 1930, Ippolit Vasilyevich Davydkovsky, tus kws kho mob, thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog - tus tuav haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw phais.
Hauv lwm cov lus, lub tsev kho mob muaj npe tshaj li tshwj xeeb, kev phais tshwj xeeb thiab lub paj hlwb, thiab lub tsev peeb yog lub monument nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm Moscow classicism. Nws txoj kev txhim kho tau pib xyoo 2019, ua ke nrog kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm lub tsev kho mob, thiab lub tsev No. 4 hauv nqe lus nug yog ib feem ntawm kev tsim kho tshiab. Lub tsev muaj 6-xyoo siab tsim xyoo 1972 raws li tus qauv tsim ntawm 2MG-05-5 series, ntawm ciam teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm thaj chaw tsev kho mob, raws txoj kev Zemlyansky. Lub laconic dawb vaj huam sib luag lub tsev, ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub qub vaj tse av.
Kev tsim kho vaj tse hauv cov tsev hauv Moscow, raws li txoj cai, muaj, ntxiv rau kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev ua haujlwm sab hauv, hauv qhov rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub ntsej muag, uas tau them, nyob rau saum toj ntawm cov av ntxhia, nrog plaster, plooj (plooj) yog zoo nkauj, tuas tsaj.
SPICH cov kws kes duab vajtse tau xaiv txoj kev xaiv dua, teb rau cov neeg nyob sib luag ntawm lub tsev muaj koob npe. Raws li ib feem ntawm cov phiaj xwm pub dawb, lawv tau tsim txoj haujlwm tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov tsev kho mob tsis muaj nqi, raws li lub tswv yim siv los ntawm Sergei Tchoban 10-15 xyoo dhau los hauv St. Petersburg, hauv cov chaw lag luam"
Langensiepen "," Benoit "thiab" Plaub Caij "- cov iav daig kab nrog cov duab ntawm keeb kwm kho kom zoo nkauj, thov rau lub khob los ntawm sab hauv ntawm cov kab mloog.
Lub qhov rooj nkag mus rau lub tsev loj 4 yog nyob rau sab hauv, ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev kho mob. Ntawm no, ntawm ob sab ntawm kev nkag mus, uas maj mam nce toj, cov sau phau ntawv tso ob daim ntawv luam tawm dav dav - daim duab loj ntawm cov kev pab cuam los ntawm lub theem ntaiv ntawm Batashevsky palace, rov tsim dua tom qab hluav taws kub ntawm 1812 nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm Gilardi: "Farewell rau Tus Neeg Ntseeg "thiab" Rov Qab los ntawm Odysseus."
Cov kev so no yog qee lub sijhawm tom qab lub tsev tseem ceeb thiab rov qab mus rau tom qab lub sijhawm tua hluav taws. Tias yog vim li cas cov qauv, hloov maj mam thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws, suav nrog cov ntsej muag thiab cov ris tsho, yooj yim tiv thaiv qhov nce. Cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag ntawm cov ntaiv me me, tshem tawm ntawm qhov pom thiab tsim qauv raug saib los ntawm hauv qab. Hauv daim duab luam tawm, lawv tau loj dua, txawm hais tias lawv tseem tshuav me dua li qhov siab ntawm tib neeg, thiab muaj qhov ze li sai tau: txhua tus neeg uas dhau los ntawm txoj kev nkag mus nkag tuaj yeem pom cov ntsiab lus thiab txawm piv rau lawv tus kheej nrog cov nuj nqis ntawm qhov loj nplai.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub ntim yog qhov xav paub: qhov sib thooj chiaroscuro ntawm cov duab qhia txog kev daws teeb meem, thiab nyob rau qee lub sijhawm nws zoo nkaus li tias cov duab tsuas yog tso rau hauv qab iav, xws li hauv cov tsev cia puav pheej qhia; tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, lawv yog cov duab kos rau ntawm iav, thiab me ntsis zoo li hologram.
Txhua lwm yam kev pabcuam, ua dua tshiab ntawm cov iav ua yog zoo nkauj thiab xa mus rau kev kho kom zoo sab nraud ntawm lub tsev pheebsuab, qhov tsim tau los ntawm tus thawj saib xyuas ntawm Academy Academy Mikhail Kiselnikov ua ntej hluav taws. Cov neeg paub txog keeb kwm sau tseg qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus no, tej zaum tau tshoov siab los ntawm Italian serf kev paub. Tseeb, lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag yog atypical kiag li thiab yuav zoo li lub grimace hauv Santa Maria Formosa tswb ntauwd hauv Venice; tsis muaj tsawg nthuav yog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg nrog tritons, tridents thiab "aub" nyob rau hauv qhov chaw - los ntawm cov pwm ntawm cov khoom dai ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm Batashev lub tsev.
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zooming 1/8 Ivan Batashev lub Palace. Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Daim duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 2/8 Palace ntawm Ivan Batashev. Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Daim duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 3/8 Palace ntawm Ivan Batashev. Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Daim duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 4/8 Palace ntawm Ivan Batashev. Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Daim duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 5/8 Palace ntawm Ivan Batashev. Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Daim duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 6/8 Palace ntawm Ivan Batashev. Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Daim duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 7/8 Ivan Batashev Vaj Pov. Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Daim duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 8/8 Palace ntawm Ivan Batashev. Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Cov lus qhia ntawm lub ntsej muag thaum ntxov ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 Daim duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
Ntxiv rau daim ntaub thaiv, cov khoom plig zoo nkauj thiab cov khoom tsim nyog nrog cov nplooj ua qauv nplua nuj. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no tau los ua lub hauv paus rau qhov kev ua kom zoo nkauj rau cov iav iav, txhua tus ntawm lawv hypertrophied - zoo heev nce hauv nplai, thiab, qhov tseeb, tau ploj lawv qhov chaw hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev sib cav ntawm lub faadeade ntawm lub tsev ntawm classicism thiab tau txais tshiab sawv daws.
Lub laj thawj dav dav ntawm qhov kev tso kawm ntawm cov khoom yog cov khoom dai, zoo li ib qho ntaub pua plag. Txawm hais tias nws tseem muaj lub hauv paus classical: dawb parallelepiped nrog lub qhov rais tau txais kab ntsug thiab kab rov tav, sab saum toj thiab hauv qab, lub nthab nrog rosettes thiab hauv qab daus theem nrog consoles. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub balustrades txiav los ntawm feem ntsug ntawm "pilasters", mus rau qhov siab tag nrho, lawv pib nrog consoles thiab xaus nrog "capitals" - tom tsov ntxhuav. Rau dolphin los ntawm lub ntsiab fa theade ntawm lub palace ntsib txoj kab, muaj ib qho chaw ntawm txoj kev facade ntawm lub tsev.
Cov kauj ruam nthuav dav kuj tseem sib txawv: qhov sib txawv me me rosettes muab tso rau hauv qhov kev pab cawm qub nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais, thiab ib qho sib cais ntawm cov laim ntaj dav dav tau nthuav dav dav, inverted txheeb ze rau lawv lub hauv paus kab rov tav txoj haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm ua tus "pilaster" décor. Tab sis tsis muaj ib qho kev xav "juggling" nrog cov ntsiab lus, tawg, ua si ntawm no - theej, cov kev xav ua kom ncaj ncees los ntawm cov neeg nyob ze ntawm cov tsev tswjfwm classicist tau ntxiv rau cov qauv tshiab loj nrog lawv tus kheej kev nrog lub hauv paus.
Cov qauv no zoo ib yam li grisaille, recessed nyob rau hauv lub suab kub-beige suab imitating travertine, rov hais dua ntxiv rau lub pob zeb ntawm classical architecture nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav dav dua li cov xim daj ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov classicism. Lub ntsej muag tshiab tsis yog sim ua kom lub tsev xyoo 1972 dhau los ua hom ntoo tis, tab sis hloov los ua hom kev ceeb toom ntawm lub monument, kev kos duab kos duab txho loj heev nyob rau nws cov ntsiab lus, zoo ib yam li cov qauv siv ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam. Ib qho kev sim ua tiag tiag kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, kom muaj kev cuam tshuam lub siab tsis pub dhau los yog ib tus neeg mob rau lawv. Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, dai kom zoo nkauj, ntub txaus rau ob lub tsev thiab thaj chaw ib puag ncig nrog kev ntxhib los mos thiab tus cwj pwm txawv.
Cov duab ntawm lub ntsej muag facade yog qhov zoo nkauj hauv lawv tus kheej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv oblique lub teeb thiab kev pom tseeb. Cov duab puab saum npoo av, xeeb los ntawm tus sau, hauv kev pab tiag tiag yog ua ke nrog kev tsis sib xws, pleev xim dej, lub nroog loj - cov duab kos no ob, xeeb thiab tiag tiag, yog superimposed rau txhua lwm yam thiab nyob rau hauv xws li kev sib koom ua ke tau txais nrog kev nyiam tshwj xeeb. Lawv xav kom muaj kev thaij duab, saib, dav. Qhuas. Hauv cov ntsiab lus, qhov no yog dab tsi cov neeg sau ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub tsev 4 muab rau peb - kom qhuas cov kev zoo nyob hauv kev ua kom pom tseeb, tsuas yog dhau mus. Yuav xav tsis thoob pom ib qho loj loj nyob tom qab lub dav hlau ntawm Asmeskas cov maples, yog embossed lossis "pleev xim", tab sis zoo ib yam li ib feem ntawm qee qhov chaw ua si grotto los ntawm ltalis, qhov twg cov kws ua vajtse serf Kiselnikov kev kawm.
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zooming 1/5 Lub Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Kev Rov Ua Lub Tsev 4 Daim Duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 2/5 Lub Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Kev Rov Ua Lub Tsev 4 Daim Duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 3/5 Lub Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Kev Rov Ua Lub Tsev 4 Daim Duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 4/5 Lub Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Kev Rov Ua Lub Tsev 4 Daim Duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 5/5 Lub Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Rov tsim kho lub tsev 4 Daim Duab: Archi.ru
Cov iav hlaws muaj ib qho ntxiv: ntxiv rau qhov tseeb ntawm daim duab no tau txhim kho, qhov nyuaj thiab meej, iav saum npoo yog qhia qhov ib puag ncig. Ntxoov ntxoo, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsev nyob sib ze, piv txwv li, lub viav vias tis lossis lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Simeon lub Stylite, thiab cov contours ntawm cov ntoo yog superimposed ntawm cov duab uas coj tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab nthuav dav, uas ib zaug ntxiv cuam tshuam thiab enriches daim duab thaum nws ncaj qha pom.
Yog lawm, kev tsim kho dua ntawm lub faadeade yog txwv nyob rau hauv nws cov peev xwm, thiab qhov no lub khob iav pab tsuas yog me ntsis kom "sau" qhov ntim ntawm lub tsev thiab unambiguously raus nws nyob rau hauv ornamentation. Lub qhov rais khaws cia lawv qhov loj me thiab pom qhov sib txawv, txawm hais tias cov kab me me muab lawv qhov tob.
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zooming 1/7 Lub Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Kev Rov Ua Lub Tsev 4 Daim Duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 2/7 Lub Chaw Kho Mob Hauv Nroog №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Kev Rov Ua Lub Tsev 4 Daim Duab © Dmitry Chistoprudov
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zooming 3/7 Lub Tsev Kho Mob Hauv Tsev Kho Mob №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Rov tsim kho vaj tse 4. Facade 1. Saib ntawm st. Yauzskaya Txoj Haujlwm © SPICH
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zooming 4/7 Lub Tsev Kho Mob Hauv Tsev Kho Mob №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev 4. Facade 2. Saib raws Zemlyansky ib. Txoj Haujlwm © SPICH
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zooming 5/7 Lub Nroog Hauv Tsev Kho Mob Hospital23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Rov tsim kho vaj tse 4. Facade 3 thiab 4. Saib ntawm Teterinsky txoj kab kev thiab txoj haujlwm Nikoloyamskaya txoj kev © SPICH
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zooming 6/7 Lub Tsev Kho Mob Hauv Tsev Kho Mob №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Rov tsim kho vaj tse 4. Kev ua lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb © SPICH
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zooming 7/7 Lub Tsev Kho Mob Hauv Tsev Kho Mob №23 muaj npe. I. V. Davydovsky. Rov tsim kho vaj tse 4. Facade raws Zemlyansky per. Txoj Haujlwm © SPICH
Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias, hauv qhov tseem ceeb, nws yog hais txog kev ua kom sov ntawm lub ntsej muag - thiab qhov kev paub tshiab ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog kev ntsuas, uas, hloov mus rau hauv cov duab, tuav qee cov duab puab lub zog, tau txais, txij li los ntawm qee lub kaum sab xis ntawm saib qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm lub ntim ntim ntawm nws tus kheej. Ntawm qhov one tes, qhov rov ua dua thiab rov ua dua yog pom tseeb, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj kev luam, vim tias cov kev hloov pauv tau hloov mus rau lwm cov khoom siv thiab nkag siab raws li ib feem ntawm lwm qhov system, uas lawv tau coj mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Theej, nws yog ib qho collage nrog kev pom zoo, zoo ib yam li txoj hauv kev ntawm tus neeg sau cov lus tshawb xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub khob tsom iav - thiab caw ib tus neeg hla sab nraud los ua tib yam.
