Tsis muaj teeb meem yav dhau los li cas lub cib kev tsim, txaus siab rau nws los ntawm cov tub txawg thiab cov neeg siv tsis txo. Cov kws ua vaj tsev los ntawm tag nrho cov lus qhia ua tsaug rau qhov khoom sov, tib neeg thiab cov khoom ntau yam. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tiam tam sim no to taub tias muaj ob peb cov ntsiab lus hauv cov qauv no, thiab cov pob zeb ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv zoo nkauj hauv kev nkag siab siv lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev zoo nkauj thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm nto. Yog li ntawd, lawv sim ntau nrog cib, txua cov hom tshiab ntawm masonry. Cov kws ua haujlwm ua haujlwm hauv qhov neoclassical thiab kos duab dai cwj pwm siv tag nrho cov arsenal ntawm cov tswv yim rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj cib ntsej muag, tsim ntau pua xyoo.
Cov khoom muag no yog dab tsi? Cov hom ntawm brickwork yuav ntxaib muab faib ua cov kab lis kev cai thiab tshiab. Tsoos masonry tseem niaj hnub siv. Nws suav nrog hom masonry hauv qab no, los yog kev hnav khaub ncaws av: pob tw (lub pob zeb nteg nrog sab luv rau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag) thiab diav (lub cib tau nteg nrog sab ntev), Askiv, Dutch, Flemish, Gothic, monastery, thiab lwm yam. Lub masonry sib txawv raws ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub cib hauv cov kab tom ntej los ntawm ib nrab lossis los ntawm ib lub hlis twg, nyob ntawm seb kev sib pauv ntawm lub pob tw thiab diav. Los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov cib ntawm cov xim sib txawv los yog masonry sib txawv, nrog rau kev sib txawv xim ntawm cov tshuaj khib ua ke, ib qho naj npawb tsis muaj qauv thiab cov sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem tau txais.
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zooming 1/5 Hom Tshuaj Tso Cai Nrig Brickwork ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 2/5 Hom Tshuaj Tso Cai Nrig Brickwork ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 3/5 Hom Tshuaj Tso Cai Nrig Brickwork ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 4/5 Hom Tshuaj Tso Cai Nrig Brickwork ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 5/5 Hom Tshuaj Tso Cai Nrig Brickwork ntawm Wienerberger
Ib txoj hauv kev tshiab dua yog tsim cov kev ntsuas ntawm thaj chaw ntawm phab ntsa thiab perforation, lossis nws ntaub. Kev tsim ntawm kev pab cuam - ob qho tsis tu ncua thiab kev npau suav, asymmetric, zoo li yog qhov chaotic, hloov lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm cov duab puab.
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zooming 1/3 Embossed masonry Kev Saib Xyuas Zoo ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 2/3 Embossed masonry Losntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 3/3 Embossed masonry Kev Saib Xyuas Zoo ntawm Wienerberger
Perforated cib qauv yog nce siv hauv cov tsev niaj hnub. Lub braid kuj tseem muaj keeb kwm qub. Qhov no yog tus Brazilian masonry hu ua claustra thiab los ntawm lo lus "laj kab". Braids nquag siv, piv txwv li, zoo li zais lub qhov rais.
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zooming 1/4 Masonry Claustra Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 2/4 Claustra Brickwork Los Saib Xyuas ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 3/4 Claustra Brickwork Kev Saib Xyuas Zoo ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 4/4 Claustra Brickwork Kev Saib Xyuas Zoo ntawm Wienerberger
Nws yog perforation - txhua yam ntawm braids thiab lattices - uas tau yog tus qauv tseem ceeb hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no. Ib qhov teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntas ntaub pua tsev yog Columbus Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Cologne, ua los ntawm cov kws kes duab zoo yawg Swiss Peter Zumthor, qhov chaw nrhiav chaw rau cov kws ua vaj tsev los ntawm thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Zumthor tsim lub tsev ua yeeb yaj kiab uas muaj suab npe nyob hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej nrog cov khoom qub uas qub txeeg qub teg thaum ub Romanesque-Gothic lub tsev teev ntuj, uas tuaj yeem saib tau los ntawm kev taug kev ntawm txoj kev taug ko taw thaum tsaus ntuj mus rau lub suab nrov ntawm lub tswb nrov. Los ntawm lub cib ntsa nrog lub qhov, hnub ci nkag mus rau hauv lub tsev no, tsim kom muaj qhov chaw ntawm lub siab xav ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws "Thiab qhov pom kev ci ntsa iab nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, thiab qhov tsaus ntuj tsis ntxiv rau nws."
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zooming 1/3 Peter Zumthor. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Columba hauv Cologne Yees duab: Raimond Spekking ntawm Wikimedia Commons. CC-BY-SA-3.0-migrated daim ntawv tso cai
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zooming 2/3 Peter Zumthor. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Columba hauv Cologne
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zooming 3/3 Peter Zumthor. Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm St. Columba hauv Cologne
Zumthor embodied cib ntaub nws lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Cologne xyoo 2007. Cov kws teeb tsa tau khaws lub tswv yim, thiab niaj hnub no muaj ntau ntawm nws txoj kev hloov kho. Qhov xav tau, cib kev zawm yog siv nyob rau ob qhov chaw txias thiab huab cua kub. Nyob rau hauv huab cua kub, ntxiv rau kev zoo nkauj, nws pab txhawb kom cov cua nkag ntawm lub tsev, thiab huab cua txias, feem ntau, nws yuav tsum muaj lub ntsej muag zoo. Kev txaus siab rau perforating cib façades yog kom meej meej pom meej los ntawm ob kawg Brick Khoom plig 2018 thiab 2020.
Lub xyoo pua 13th xyoo pua lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Vilanova del Barca (Catalonia) tau puas thaum xyoo 1936 kev tsov rog. Tsis ntev los no nws tau txiav txim siab los txhim kho nws cov ruins thiab ua kom muaj kev ua yeeb yam hauv qhov ntawd. Txhawm rau sau cov voids ntawm phab ntsa txheej thaum ub, muab ob npaug rau kev ua kom zoo nkauj hauv ob lub ntsej muag, kom pom sab hauv sab hauv nrog cov npog sab ntawm lub cib, uas tsim cov chaw ruaj khov, tab sis "airy" ciaj ciam, qhia meej meej txog qhov tseem ceeb. Qee qhov ntawm phab ntsa yog txoj kab nrog openwork masonry. AleaOlea Architecture & Toj roob hauv pes project raug txiav txim los ntawm Brury Award 2018 pawg neeg saib xyuas thiab muab khoom plig tshwj xeeb.
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zooming 1/3 Lub Koom Txoos hauv Vilanova (Catalonia). AleaOlea Architecture & Toj roob hauv pes © Adrià Goula Kev Tws Kas Ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 2/3 Lub Koom Txoos hauv Vilanova (Catalonia). AleaOlea Architecture & Toj roob hauv pes © Adrià Goula Kev Tws Kas Ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 3/3 Lub Koom Txoos hauv Vilanova (Catalonia). AleaOlea Architecture & Toj roob hauv pes © Adrià Goula Kev Tws Kas Ntawm Wienerberger
Tus Kws Tshawb ntawm Xov Tooj Cua thiab TV ntawm University of Silesia hauv Katowice tau txais Grand Prix ntawm 2020 Cib Award rau ntau yam thiab ntau qhov ntawm kev siv cib. Lub qub façade ntawm lub tsev khaws cia, nrog nws cov tsoos brickwork, yog juxtaposed nrog pob tshab "tshiab ntxaij" ua los ntawm tib lub cib. Cib laj kab txuas ntxiv thiab mus rau ob sab ntawm lub tsev qub (nws ua li ib-thib ntawm lub tsev tshiab), thiab nyob rau sab saum toj, ntxaij ntoo ua ib qho nthab nthab, rov ua dua txoj kab nqes ntawm nthab ntawm lub tsev ze, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau hauv lub ru tsev tiaj tus. Nyob rau hauv kev daws ntawm lub faadesade ntawm lwm lub tsev, kev txais tos ntawm lub cib kab ntoo hauv kev sib xyaw nrog ntoo yog siv. Nyob rau sab hauv, tes pwm pwm nrog ntau cov nuances ntawm sintering thiab xim gradations npog cov phab ntsa, hauv pem teb, thiab hauv qee qhov chaw txawm tias lub qab nthab. Rau lub qab nthab, cov kws ua vaj tsev kuj tau los nrog cov qauv perforated - ib yam dab tsi zoo li cib caissons.
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zooming 1/4 Kws Tshaj Lij Xov Xwm hauv Xov Tooj Cua thiab TV, University of Silesia Kws Ua Haujlwm: BAAS Arquitectura (Spain), Grupa 5 architekci (Poland), Maleccy biuro projektowe (Poland) Yees duab © Jakub Certowicz, Adrià Goulà / Courtesy of Wienerberger
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zooming 2/4 Kws Tshaj Lij Xov Xwm hauv Xov Tooj Cua thiab TV, University of Silesia Kws Ua Haujlwm: BAAS Arquitectura (Spain), Grupa 5 architekci (Poland), Maleccy biuro projektowe (Poland) Yees duab © Jakub Certowicz, Adrià Goulà / Courtesy of Wienerberger
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zooming 3/4 Kws Tshaj Lij Xov Xwm hauv Xov Tooj Cua thiab TV, University of Silesia Kws Ua Haujlwm: BAAS Arquitectura (Spain), Grupa 5 architekci (Poland), Maleccy biuro projektowe (Poland) Yees duab © Jakub Certowicz, Adrià Goulà / Courtesy of Wienerberger
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zooming 4/4 Kws Tshaj Lij Xov Xwm hauv Xov Tooj Cua thiab TV, University of Silesia Kws Ua Haujlwm: BAAS Arquitectura (Spain), Grupa 5 architekci (Poland), Maleccy biuro projektowe (Poland) Yees duab © Jakub Certowicz, Adrià Goulà / Courtesy of Wienerberger
The Mexico City-based photography studio, uas yeej 2020 Cib Puav Tsav, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev-cib kev xaiv. Phab ntsa Openwork ua los ntawm cov av hauv zos cov av ua ob qho tib si sib txuas thiab ciam teb ntawm lub tsev thiab ib puag ncig. Tus qauv cib yog yooj yim tab sis kev qhia: cov kab ntawm ob txoj kab rov tav thim cib sib xyaw nrog ntsug ob zaug ua tuab, muaj cov huab cua nres ntawm lawv. Raug ci ntsa iab los ntawm lub hnub, qhov qauv no tawm qauv whimsical sab hauv, xaws ntawm lub teeb thiab duab ntxoov ntxoo.
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zooming 1/4 Mauricio Rocha + Gabriela / Tus kws yees duab Graciela Iturbide rooj cob qhia hauv Mexico City Yees duab © Rafael Gamo / Losntawm ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 2/4 Mauricio Rocha + Gabriela / Tus kws yees duab Graciela Iturbide lub rooj sib tham hauv Mexico City Yees duab © Rafael Gamo / Losntawm ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 3/4 Mauricio Rocha + Gabriela / Tus kws yees duab Graciela Iturbide rooj cob qhia hauv Mexico City Yees duab © Rafael Gamo / Losntawm ntawm Wienerberger
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zooming 4/4 Mauricio Rocha + Gabriela / Tus kws yees duab Graciela Iturbide lub rooj sib tham hauv Mexico City Yees duab © Rafael Gamo / Losntawm ntawm Wienerberger
Nrog rau cov perforation niaj hnub ntawm lub cib façade, nws yog qhov nthuav kom xa mus rau cov keeb kwm keeb kwm zoo li tus qauv raws li cov cim lag luam ntawm qhov chaw. Nov yog qhov uas cov kws sau ntawv nyob hauv Bolshevik thaj chaw nyob, IND Architects bureau, tau ua. Txij li ntawm ib puag ncig yog lub tuam tsev keeb kwm ntawm Bolshevik lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, yav dhau los Einem nrog tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub teeb thiab liab liab, hauv cov vaj tse tshiab ntawm cov tsev nyob cov kws tsim qauv tau tsim ib tus qauv ntawm lub teeb hla ntawm liab cib. thiab khaws cia thoob plaws qhov nyuaj. Ntxiv mus, qee zaum cov qauv tau ua ke nrog kev nyem, uas yog, nws ua voluminous. Thiab txawm tias lub masonry nws tus kheej tuaj yeem qog cov keeb kwm me ntsis tsis sib xws, tom qab ntawd, thaum taws teeb, phab ntsa yuav siv lub neej, chiaroscuro thiab hais txog tes ua.
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zooming 1/4 Bolshevik thaj ua rau thaj, IND Cov Kws Ua Vaj Tsev Yees Duab © Savatzky Cov Khoom Vaj Tswv Tswj
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zooming 2/4 Bolshevik thaj chaw nyob, IND Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm Yees Duab © Savatzky Cov Khoom Vaj Tswv Tswj
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zooming 3/4 Bolshevik thaj chaw nyob, IND Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm Yees Duab © Savatzky Cov Khoom Vaj Tswv Tswj
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zooming 4/4 Bolshevik thaj chaw nyob, IND Cov Kws Ua Tswv Tsev Yees Duab © Savatzky Cov Khoom Vaj Tswv Tswj
Stricter hom masonry tseem muaj peev xwm, ntawm kev txheeb ze ze tsim ib qho kim kim nto. Cov kab hauv Kunstmuseum Basel tsim ib qho kim "corduroy" saum npoo; thaum kuaj ze dua, qhov "corduroy" no hloov los ua brickwork nrog kev sib tiv.
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zooming 1/4 Khetos & Gantenbein. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Txuj Ci Basel © Rory Gardiner, Kev Twm Sib Wienerberger
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zooming 2/4 Khetos & Gantenbein. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Txuj Ci Basel © Rory Gardiner, Kev Twm Sib Wienerberger
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zooming 3/4 Khetos & Gantenbein. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Txuj Ci Basel © Rory Gardiner, Kev Twm Sib Wienerberger
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zooming 4/4 Christ & Gantenbein. Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Txuj Ci Basel © Rory Gardiner, Kev Twm Sib Wienerberger
Xws li cov kev daws teeb meem uas yooj yim dua thiab cov kev daws teeb meem nyob rau hauv cov kev daws tshiab thiab avant-garde.
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zooming 1/5 Aanbouw-Uitbreiding Tsev khaws puav pheej Nairac. Brouwerstraat, Barneveld © Duab los ntawm Marcel Willems, Den Bosch
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zooming 2/5 Aanbouw-Uitbreiding Tsev khaws puav pheej Nairac. Brouwerstraat, Barneveld © Duab los ntawm Marcel Willems, Den Bosch
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zooming 3/5 Aanbouw-Uitbreiding Tsev khaws puav pheej Nairac. Brouwerstraat, Barneveld © Duab los ntawm Marcel Willems, Den Bosch
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zooming 4/5 Aanbouw-Uitbreiding Tsev khaws puav pheej Nairac. Brouwerstraat, Barneveld © Duab los ntawm Marcel Willems, Den Bosch
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zooming 5/5 Aanbouw-Uitbreiding Tsev khaws puav pheej Nairac. Brouwerstraat, Barneveld © Duab los ntawm Marcel Willems, Den Bosch
*** Peb caw cov kws ua yeeb yam mus rau lub vev xaib ntawm masonry systems thiab kev sau tshiab los ntawm Wienerberger thaum Lub Kaum Hli 29, 2020.
