Lavxias teb sab pavilion ntawm qhov XI Venice Biennale yuav ua kom pom cov architecture tam sim no - cov tsev thiab cov phiaj xwm los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws. Nws yuav zoo li tias nws yuav yooj yim dua los qhia hauv lub teb chaws pavilion dab tsi tab tom tsim hauv lub teb chaws. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub sijhawm 28-xyoo keeb kwm ntawm Venice Biennale, Russia tsis tau ua qhov no. Raws li txoj cai, hauv kev sib zog ua kom tau raws li lub npe nrov thoob ntiaj teb kev nthuav qhia, cov lus piav qhia tau raug teeb tsa nyob rau hauv Lavxias lub tsev pheeb suab - feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov lawv pom "peb txhua yam" - daim ntawv kos duab, qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsis pom thiab nyiam los ntawm cov neeg thuam pom. Thaum yav dhau los Biennale, Russia tau sawv cev los ntawm kev teeb tsa los ntawm Alexander Brodsky, xyoo 2004 - los ntawm tub ntxhais kawm haujlwm Rhiav Tebchaws Russia.
Xyoo no, cov neeg tswj hwm tau txiav txim siab thawj zaug los rhuav txoj kab ke uas tau tsim thiab qhia tias tsis yog yav dhau los thiab tsis yog lub neej tom ntej, tsis yog npau suav, tsis muaj kev cia siab thiab tsis nco, tab sis, kom deb li sai tau, kev muaj tiag. Tus kws sau lub tswv yim no, ib qho ntawm ob tus neeg tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias lub tuam tsev tiv thaiv XI Architecture Biennale hauv Venice, tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias tus kws lij choj yawg Grigory Revzin, tau hais txog qhov no ntawm lub rooj sib tham hnub no.
Kev nthuav tawm lub ntsiab ntawm cov pavilion tau koom nrog 15 Lavxias thiab 10 tus kws kes duab vajtse txawv tebchaws nyob hauv tebchaws Russia. Grigory Revzin tau xaiv cov neeg tuaj koom rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm "kev suav" hauv txoj cai - nws tau caw cov kws kes duab vajtse hais txog leej twg cov xov xwm sau ntau tshaj. Txhua ntawm lawv yuav raug sawv cev los ntawm tus qauv ntawm ib lub tsev lossis cov phiaj xwm. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tias cov ntawv txhais tau ua ke nrog cov neeg Asmeskas thiab cov neeg txawv tebchaws, ob lub hnub qub yav dhau los thiab tsis yog hnub qub, suav sau lawv rau tib lub rooj tsavxwm. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm Grigory Revzin yog kom pom kev sib piv ua haujlwm ntawm "Varangians" thiab "cov neeg hauv nroog" cov kws tshaj lij - uas, raws li tus kws saib xyuas, nws tau ua kev xav ntau dua ib zaug. Grigory Rezvin ntseeg tias nrog kev sib piv zoo li no, Lavxias cov kws ua vajtse yuav tsis ploj, thiab tej zaum txawm tias yeej.
Tus tswj hwm tau tshaj tawm ib qho ntawm qhov peculiarities ntawm Lavxias teb sab qhov teeb meem ntawm lub rooj sib tham nrog xov xwm. Cov tub txawg Lavxias tau ua ntau lub tsev tiav. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev siv, lawv tau hloov ntau yam kev hloov pauv - qhov project yuav ua kom sib haum, txhim kho thiab lwj, hloov hauv txhua txoj hauv kev. Rau qee yam kom nyob twj ywm, tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsum sib ntaus rau nws txoj haujlwm. Cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias pom tau tias qhov kev tawm tsam no yog ib feem ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Thiab tus neeg txawv teb chaws tsis xav tawm tsam tiag tiag, lawv coj lub tswvyim thiab sai li sai tau ntsib cov teeb meem neeg Lavxias, lawv tsis kam tsim. Yog li no, cov phiaj xwm txawv teb chaws feem ntau nyob hauv qib kev xav, ntawm cov duab zoo nkaus li ua tau zoo dua.
Grigory Revzin muab cov piv txwv ua piv txwv: ob tug kws ua yeeb yam, Sergey Skuratov thiab Erik van Egeraat, tsim ob lub tsev nyob sib luag, ua rau tib lub tswv yim - kauv-zoo li tus ntswg ntawm lub tsev ntim. Cov tsev zoo li no tau tsim kim, thiab ob leeg muaj teeb meem nrog tus tsim tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, Sergei Skuratov hloov pauv qhov project, ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tig lub npog sab hauv lub tsev los ntawm cov txheej txheem sib txig, thiab Eric van Egeraat pib foob. Ib qhov ua tiav ntawm kev tsim kho nws lub tsev, thiab lwm tus yeej lub tsev hais plaub. Yog li, tus kws saib xyuas kev txiav txim siab, lub luag haujlwm tau hloov pauv - ua ntej, cov kws tshaj lij ntawv Lavxias tau pleev xim rau cov kev xav zoo nkauj, thiab cov neeg nyob sab hnub poob tau tawm tsam nrog kev xyaum, thiab tam sim no cov neeg txawv tebchaws nyob hauv tebchaws Russia pom lawv tus kheej hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm cov kws kes duab ntawv uas kos cov duab zoo nkauj, thiab cov neeg Lavxias (suav nrog ntau ntawm lawv - "lub hnab qub qub") paub lawv cov kev npau suav raws li kev muaj tiag tso cai.
Yog li, qhov kev nthuav dav tseem ceeb yog kev txiav ntawm txoj haujlwm kos duab, ib hom duab tiav rau lub xeev xyoo 2008 los ntawm qhov muag ntawm tus neeg thuam thuam Lavxias. Ntxiv rau kev tawm tswv yim, kev tsim tswv yim ntawm txhua tus neeg koom nrog ntawm kev nthuav qhia yuav qhia ntau yam ntxiv ntawm cov ntsuas thiab hauv cov ntawv xov xwm hluav taws xob.
Lub tswv yim no, thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias architectural kev nthuav qhia hauv Venice, tsom mus rau kev qhia qhov tseeb, txawm li cas los xij, ua tiav tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm 11 Biennale, tshaj tawm los ntawm nws tus kws saib xyuas, nto moo American architectural cem Aaron Betsky. Cov lus piav tau nyuaj los txhais lus thiab lub suab zoo li no: “Tawm ntawd. Lub tsev kawm ntawv tshaj lub tsev "- uas yog," architecture dhau ntawm cov tuam tsev. " Thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab pavilion lawv tau txiav txim siab los qhia meej cov tsev, thiab txawm tias muaj ntau lub tsev. Ntawd yog, cov ntawv sau txaus ntshai tsis nthuav tawm cov ncauj lus.
Muaj tseeb, peb yuav tsum lees paub tias cov mottos ntawm Biennale, raws li txoj cai, tsis haum rau kev ua qauv qhia ntawm cov vaj tsev lawv tus kheej, coj cov kev xav hauv ib qho chaw sab nraud. Betsky lub ntsiab lus zoo li yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyiam no, tab sis tau siv los ua Burdette's "cov nroog", Forster's "metamorphoses", Fuksas qhov "kev coj ua". Hauv lo lus, nws tau txiav txim siab tsis hloov lub tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm lub pavilion.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias Grigory Revzin tau ua tus saib xyuas ntawm Lavxias lub tsev so ntawm Biennale thib ob. Thawj thawj zaug yog xyoo 2000, thiab tom qab ntawd nws kuj ua haujlwm tsis yog hais txog lub ntsiab lus, tab sis tawm tsam nws. Massimiliano Fuksas tau thov kom xav txog "kev coj ua ncaj ncees es tsis txhob ua kom zoo nkauj", thiab nyob hauv chav tsev Lavxias muaj Mikhail Filippov tus ntaiv kom zoo nkauj rau saum ntuj thiab Ilya Utkin cov duab zoo nkauj. Raws li koj paub, Utkin tau txais khoom plig tshwj xeeb rau cov duab no - thiab qhov no yog lub sijhawm uas Lav Xias Lav Xias muab khoom plig rau ntawm Venice Architecture Biennale. Ntawd yog, rov qab mus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov no tsis yog thawj zaug uas Grigory Revzin tsis qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm Biennale.
Muaj tseeb, nws tus kheej tsis ua lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no. Nws tau tshaj tawm hauv lub rooj sib tham hais tias lub tswv yim los qhia "tiag tiag architecture" tau tshwm sim ntau ua ntej Betsky hais tawm nws cov lus taw qhia. National pavilions ntawm lwm lub tebchaws tau teb cov lus hauv kev sib txawv. Hauv kev sib koom tes mus rau lwm qhov chaw sab nraum lub tsev, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau tshaj tawm txog kev sib tw rau qhov haujlwm uas muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws, thiab American pavilion yog qhov yuav xav pom qee yam tub ntxhais kawm. Kev nthuav tawm ntawm Lavxias pavilion txiav txim siab tsis khoov kom phim lub ntsiab lus nkaus, tab sis kom tsim kev cuam tshuam nrog cov lus taw qhia ntawm Biennale qee qhov sib txawv. Grigory Revzin caw cov toj roob hauv pes nto moo-kws kos duab, kos duab ntawm Kaluga lub zos Nikola-Lenivets, tus sau ntawm cov tub rog ntawm snowmen, quav nyab ziggurat, ciam teb imperial ua los ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, thiab lwm yam kom tuaj koom nrog kev nthuav dav. lwm yam. - Nikolai Polissky.
Thiab nws masterly siab qhov kev tswj fwm no - ib tus neeg txawm tuaj yeem hais tias nws tau piav qhia qhov kev thuam ntawv raws li tus neeg thuam. Nws hloov tawm tias tus neeg sau ntawm cov lus taw qhia, Aaron Betsky, muaj phau ntawv nrog tib lub npe - "Architecture dhau lub tsev". Thiab phau ntawv no hais tias txhua qhov chaw yog ib thaj chaw uas xav txhim tsa tau. Yog li, Revzin tau sib cav ntxiv, Russia yog qhov loj thiab feem ntau khoob qhov chaw uas xav tsim tsa. Nikolai Polissky, hauv nws qhov kev xav tau zoo tshaj plaws, qhia txog qhov kev xav no rau Lavxias teb sab qhib - nws cov khoom tseem tsis tau yog architecture, tab sis nws cov duab thiab cov embryos, zoo ib yam li yees, phab ntsa, tsev. Tab sis tag nrho cov no nyob sab nraum lub tsev, tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem liam Polissky ntawm cov tuam tsev. Polissky nyob rau hauv qhov teeb meem no ua raws li tus kws kos duab-nruab nrab, zaum hauv lub nraub qaum thiab txais lub siab nyiam ntawm ib thaj av khoob uas tsim tsa. Hauv Lavxias, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj ntau thaj chaw khoob, thiab nws hloov tawm tias Lavxias tsis muaj dabtsis - raws li qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb - yog teb rau Betsky qhov kev xav txog architecture sab nraum cov tuam tsev.
Qhov no ib feem ntawm kev ua yeeb yam - ntawm ib sab tes, kev xav, thiab nyob rau lwm yam, kev tsim txuj ci, yuav nyob rau hauv av hauv av thiab yuav ua lub hauv paus muaj tswv yim thiab kev tshawb xav rau kev nthuav tawm. Qhov saum toj no, hauv pem teb thib ob, yuav muaj "tsev tsim" - qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov muaj siab xav sau qhov khoob. Qhov khoob yog sau rau - ib qho kev tsim kho tau txais. Cov neeg txawj ntse yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim kho tawg. Uas peb qhia.
Lub tswv yim yog yuag, nws pib los ntawm qhov theories ntawm Betsky nws tus kheej, ua haujlwm rau lawv mus rau Russia, tshawb rau cov khoom nruab nrab hauv Lavxias, thiab coj tag nrho cov no mus rau qhov tseeb uas ib qho xav qhia. Nws tsuas pom txhua yam ntawm lub cav, yog tias koj nyeem thiab xav txog nws. Muaj ib qho lus nug tseem tsis tau daws - seb lawv puas yuav xav txog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau artistry ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam. Thiab tus tsim ntawm kev nthuav txhais tseem yog qhov zais ntshis - uas yog dab tsi Pavel Khoroshilov, tus kws saib xyuas lub luag haujlwm thib ob ntawm cov tsev khaws khoom noj, tau hais.
Hauv qab no yog cov npe ntawm cov khoom pov thawj hauv chav tsev Lavxias:
Alexander Asadov
Architectural Rhiav ntawm A. Asadov
Multifunctional complex rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev ua lag luam Cheryomushkinsky
A. R. Asadov, K. Saprichyan, E. Vdovin (GAP), A. A. Asadov, O. Grigorieva, A. Dmitriev, A. Polishchuk, A. Astashov, A. Shtanyuk (Rhiav ntawm A. Asadov). Yury Ravkin (Yury Ravkin Creative Center) Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm: T. Novoselova (GIP) (JSC "Promstroyproekt"), P. Rafelson, G. Karklo (Rhiav ntawm A. Asadov)
Alexey Bavykin
Rhiav ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Bavykin
Chaw ua haujlwm txoj haujlwm ntawm Mozhaisk txoj kev loj
A. Bavykin, M. Marek, D. Chistov, D. Gumenyuk, nrog kev koom tes ntawm N. Bavykina; tus thawj tsim qauv - K. Kabanov; thawj qhov project engineer - L. Slutskovskaya; hluav taws kev nyab xeeb - S. Tomin
Mikhail Belov
Lub tsev cov tsev hauv Filippovskiy txoj kab hauv Moscow
Xav paub tsim: JSC "Stroyproekt"
Facade ua haujlwm: BGS lub tuam txhab
Kev tua thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom zoo nkauj: lub tuam txhab "Lub nroog ntawm Vajtswv"
Andrey Bokov
Mosproject-4
Ice Palace hauv Moscow
A. Bokov, D. Bush, S. Chuklov, V. Valuiskikh, L. Romanova, Z. Burchuladze, O. Gak, A. Zolotova, A. Timokhov
Cov kws tsim qauv: M. Livshin, P. Eremeev, M. Kelman, E. Bekmukhamedov, O. Starikov
Architect-technologist: A. Shabaidash
Yuri Grigoryan
Meganom project
Ntau lub chaw ntawm Tsvetnoy Boulevard
Y. Grigoryan, A. Pavlova, T. Shabaev, Y. Kuznetsov
Sergey Kiselev
Multifunctional complex Mirax Plaza hauv Moscow
S. Kiselev, A. Nikiforov, A. Breslavtsev, A. Busalov, G. Kholopov, E. Klyueva
engineers: I. Shvartsman, K. Spiridonov
Boris Levyant
ABD cov kws ua vaj tsev
Ntau lub tsev siab nyob hauv Novosibirsk
B. Levyant, B. Stuchebryukov, L. Mikishev, A. Feoktistova, O. Rutkovsky, D. Spivak, I. Levyant, A. Gorovoy, M. Gulieva, M. Stepura, A. Volyntsev (3D)
Nikolay Lyzlov
Lyzlov Architectural Rhiav
Lub tsev thaj nroog "Lub Nroog Yachts" hauv Moscow
N. Lyzlov, M. Kaplenkova, E. Kaprova, N. Lipilina, A. Podyemshchikov, nrog kev koom tes ntawm A. Krokhin, O. Avramets, A. Yankova
Vladimir Plotkin
TPO "Kev Tseg"
Khw ncig ua si "Plaub lub caij"
V. Plotkin, I. Deeva, Borodushkin, Kazakov, Romanova, Logvinova
Alexander Skokan
JSB "Ostozhenka"
"Ambassadorial Lub Tsev" nyob hauv Borisoglebsky Txoj kab hauv Moscow
Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm: A. Skokan, A. Gnezdilov, E. Kopytova, M. Elizarova, M. Matveenko, O. Soboleva, tus tsim qauv: M. Mityukov
Sergey Skuratov
Sergey Skuratov Cov kws ua vaj tsev
Tus Skyscrapers nyob Mosfilmovskaya Txoj Kev hauv Moscow
S. Skuratov, S. Nekrasov - GAP, I. Ilyin, P. Karpovsky
Sergey Tkachenko
LLC "Arka"
Tsev lub tsev rau ntawm txoj kev Mashkova hauv Moscow
Cov Kws Ua Haujlwm: S. Tkachenko, O. Dubrovsky, S. Anufriev, V. Belsky, S. Belyanina, I. Voznesensky, E. Kapalina, A. Kononenko, M. Leikin, G. Nikolashina, V. Chulkova
Chief Engineer: E. Spivak
Cov tsim qauv: V. Gnedin, E. Skachkova, A. Litvinova, N. Kosmina
Mikhail Filippov
Rhiav ntawm Mikhail Filippov
Lub tsev cov tsev hauv Kazachiy txoj kab hauv Moscow
M. Filippov, M. Leonov, T. Filippova, A. Fillipov, O. Mranova, E. Mikhailova
Mikhail Khazanov
Chaw Tsim Kho Kev Lom Zem
Multifunctional Center ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow
Cov Kws Tsim Txiaj: M. Khazanov, D. Razmakhnin, T. Serebrennikova, E. Mil, V. Mikhailov, N. Shchedrova, L. Borisova, A. Zinchuk, A. Krokhin, E. Petushkova, D. Elfimov, D. Nasyrova, A. Kosheleva, V. Vedenyapin, K. Kuzmenko, D. Degtyarev, E. Akulova, M. Kalashnikova, R. Grigorevsky, O. Gulneva, A. Filimonov, V. Klassen, A. Odud, R. Belov, D. Spivak, V. Klassen, M. Chistyakov
Nikita Yavein
Studio 44
Lub tswvyim ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Ladozhsky chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau hauv St. Petersburg
N. Yavein, N. Arkhipova, Y. Ashmetieva, V. Zenkevich (GAP)
Norman Foster, UK
Foster thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes
Ntauwd "Russia" hauv nroog
Domenic Perrault, Fab Kis
DPA
Dominique Perrault Architecture
Kev tsim qauv kev ua haujlwm tshiab ntawm Mariinsky Theatre hauv St. Petersburg
Peter Schweger, Sergey Tchoban, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees
SCHWEGER ASSOZIIERTE Gesamtplanung GmbH
Nps tchoban voss
Federation Ntauwd hauv Lub Nroog hauv Moscow
Eric Van Egerath, Holland
Erick van Egeraat txuam nrog kws kes duab vajtse
Cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv tebchaws hauv Kazan
Zaha Hadid, UK
Zaha Txawj Teev Vaj
Ntu tsev nyob ze Moscow
Thomas Lieser, USA
Leeser architecture
Mammoth Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Yakutsk
David Adjaye, London
Adjaye / Associates
Tsev Kawm Lag Luam Ua Lag Luam hauv Skolkovo
Riccardo Boffil, Spain
Siab Txog Puas Ntsig
75 peb lub hlis twg. Welton Park
Jean Nouvel, Fab Kis
Jean Nouvel
COM, USA
SOM
