Lub chav tsev tu tsev dav dav - chav ua haujlwm ntawm lub qub tswv ntawm lub Apothecary Prikaz ib zaug ntawm no, nyob nrog lub laconic heev, tsuas yog kev nthuav dav me me. Qee zaum lawv hais txog lub rooj nthuav qhia tias nws "tuav" lossis teeb tsa qhov chaw ntawm lub cuab - yog li, nws tsis tuav thiab tsis teeb tsa ntawm no, tab sis zoo li yog nws nrhiav qhov chaw tsawg dua, ploj ntawm cov cuab no lossis ua tsis pom. Nws tuaj yeem xav tias qhov no yog txhob txwm - tus saib, yog tias nws tau tuaj lawm, raug yuam kom ntes cov khoom pov thawj "los ntawm tus Tsov tus tw", mus saib ntawm qhov chaw me me, uas, nyob rau lwm qhov xwm txheej, tej zaum yuav dhau mus yam tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam.
Yog li, txoj kev hauv tsev yuav luag tas. Ntawm sab xis, kev hnav ris tsho penguin (tseem tshuav ntawm lub caij ntuj no "Icing" ntawm Archstoyanie hauv Nikolo-Lenivets) tau saib ntsoov rau pem hauv ntej ntawm ntau cov xim ntxaij nrog cov ntawv sau "Tus Tswv, muaj kev hlub tshua" plaub yam lus, xaiv raws li txoj cai ntawm qhov siab tshaj qhov sib txawv hauv cov style ntawm inscription - penguin, thaj, nkag siab. Ntxiv: tom qab cov ncej zeb tuab tau muab zais ob rooj nrog cov ntawv sau - cov khoom siv zoo tshaj plaws thiab paub ib feem ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem muaj: cov hlua khi yoj-phuam hauv kab ntawv embroidered - kev ua haujlwm tshiab tshaj plaws ntawm cov pab pawg, qhia thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm kev nthuav qhia ntawm Lub Tsev Khaws Khoom Qub Hauv Lub Tuam Txhab hauv kev hwm ntawm hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Palladio; ib qho qauv ntawm "Skhrona Zauv 2", Pantheon, faus rau hauv av, uas tau nthuav tawm hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej, tab sis ib xyoos dhau los, ntawm kev ua yeeb yam "Persimfans". Thiab lwm cov ntaub pua plag; nrog cov ntaub pua plag nws tsis paub meej: tej zaum yog lub dav hlau. Tag nrho cov khoom no tau muab tso rau hauv txoj kev hauv qhov nrug deb ntawm txhua lwm yam, zoo li yog nyob ntawm random.
Cov seem ntawm cov khoom pov thawj muaj cov kab sib dhos me me uas dai raws phab ntsa. Txhua tus muaj cov yeeb yaj duab ntawm ib lossis ob qhov haujlwm ntawm pawg. Txhawm rau kom nkag siab, koj yuav tsum sawv ntawm hauv ntej ntawm txhua tus saib rau 2-3 feeb. Tsis ntau, tab sis nws yuav tsum muaj kev siv zog los ntawm tus saib - yog tias koj tsuas taug kev los ntawm, koj yuav tsis pom dab tsi. Nws hloov tawm kev nthuav qhia duab.
Txhua tus ua ke - ua qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm "Icing" rau txog 10 xyoo. Ua haujlwm rau ib hom tshwj xeeb, uas kuv xav hu ua "lub tswvyim" hauv qhov yooj yim ntawm kuv lub siab, tab sis lo lus no tam sim no tsis nrov. Tus saib xyuas ntawm kev nthuav tawm, Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Lag Luam Vladimir Sedov, tau los nrog lwm lub sijhawm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau nws - "kev saib xyuas tsiaj". Raws li tus saib xyuas, lub tswvyim tau los ntawm kev sib piv nrog "tuag tes tuag taw" (cov lus no txhais tau tias txhua yam "ntog luv" ntawm cov ntawv nyeem siab: kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm, keeb kwm tshawb pom, kev npau suav …). Kuv xav muab lwm qhov piv txwv - qhov zoo ib yam li lo lus "Metaphysics" tau tshwm sim thaum tshaj tawm cov haujlwm ntawm Aristotle: "dab tsi yog tom qab physics" - uas yog, nws tsis paub tseeb, uas tsis tuaj yeem txhais tau lwm yam. Tom qab, cov ntsiab lus txhais, muab los ntawm yam xav tau, nyam, thiab tam sim no txhua tus paub dab tsi metaphysics yog - zoo, lossis tsawg kawg kwv yees. Thaj, tus neeg saib xyuas lub rooj sib tham yog suav rau qhov qub - tej zaum qhov kev txhais no yuav muaj lub hauv paus thiab nco ntsoov - tom qab txhua, hom ntawv tseem tsis tau muaj lub ntsiab lus meej.
Dab tsi yog qhov hom no? Tej yam uas ua los ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse, tab sis tsis tsim qauv tsim, yog hu ua "daim ntawv architecture". Qhov kev paub lub ntsiab lus no kuj tsis yog rau txhua tus nyiam, yog tias tsuas yog vim nws muaj ob lub ntsiab lus: ib qho txhais tau tias txhua qhov project, tsis muaj qhov tseeb thiab muab tso rau ntawm lub rooj, qhov thib ob - cov kev sib tw ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub txawg tub ntxhais hluas thaum xyoo 1980s. Hauv kev xav ntawm ntau yam, cov phiaj xwm no, uas yeej kev sib tw thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov tswv yim, yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas lig Soviet architecture muab rau peb. Tam sim no, qee qhov "txheej txheem hnab qub" yog cov neeg ua tau zoo xyaum ua vaj tsev, ib txhia yog tus tsim; kev nthuav qhia xws li xyoo tas los ntawm Persimfans tshwm sim los ntawm lub sijhawm, tab sis nws yog qhov tseeb tias thaum xyoo 2000, "daim ntawv architecture" tau ua tsis muaj zog. Cov tub ntxhais hluas txhua lub sijhawm no tau siv ntau dua ntawm kev coj ua, thiab tsis muaj ib tus neeg tshwj xeeb los tsim lub zog. Icing yog ib qhov tsis suav nrog; lawv kev txaus siab tsis muaj cwj ciam rau qhov kev ua tiav. Txawm hais tias muaj lwm tus - txhua tus neeg uas koom nrog hauv cov koob tsheej "Goroda", "Shargorod" thiab lwm tus.
"Icing", txawm hais tias nws tau koom hauv kev xyaum, tab sis, tsis zoo li ntau yam, txhais tau hais tias nws nkaum nws. Lawv tsis tshaj tawm lawv qhov kev paub txog ntau yam. Lub rooj nthuav txuj tsis muaj kev zam: hauv kev tshaj tawm xov xwm thiab hauv phau ntawv teev cov ntawv nws tau hais tias lawv muaj cov haujlwm tiag, thiab tias peb pab pawg tau ua haujlwm hauv tib lub rooj cob qhia, tab sis nws tsis tau hais tias qhov twg ua haujlwm thiab hauv chav ua haujlwm twg. Txawm hais tias nws paub tias qhov no yog qhov kev cob qhia ntawm Sergei Tkachenko, tias cov kws kem duab los ntawm "Icing" tau koom nrog qhov tsim ntawm lub tsev "Patriarch", rau cov uas lawv pleev xim lub tsev qe, lossis "Tsev Kho Mob Niam Tsev hauv Npelehees", tom qab ntawd tsim los ntawm Sergei Tkachenko ntawm kaum tsev ntawm Mashkov thiab Chaplygin kev. Raws li rau lwm qhov ntawm qhov kev paub tseeb, nws tseem tsis tau paub zoo heev … Tab sis lub tsev-qe tsis nyob ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam, txawm hais tias yog koj sim, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav ib qho me me ntawm cov duab kos. Tab sis ntawm tag nrho, muaj qhov kev xav tias tus sau phau ntawv rau siab sib txawv ntawm kev coj ua thiab "paraarchitecture". Thiab lawv xav kom tsuas yog tom kawg raug teev nrog "Icing".
Ntawm no kuv xav cam nrog tus xibfwb Sedov. Paraliterature yog ib yam dab tsi qis dua "siab" cov ntawv nyeem, nws yog rau qee qhov kev paub tsis txaus. Cov dej num hauv kev txiav txim hauv Chav Tsim Tshuaj yuav tsis yog hais lus dev. Lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog architecture tsis tau meej; nws tsis yog "ua ntej" lossis "tom qab" architecture. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov no yog yam uas cov sau ua "rau lawv tus kheej" thiab rau kev sib tw thaum lub sijhawm dawb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb. Dab tsi coj nws ua ke dua hauv "ntawv architecture". Paraliterature, los ntawm cov lus txhais, yog nrov dua "siab", tab sis ntawm no nws zoo li lwm txoj hauv kev ib puag ncig - nws yog hom "dawb huv" muaj tswv yim thiab xav txog, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau kev xyaum ris nra nrog qhov tseeb. Muaj cov tuag tes tuag taw ntau dua "siab" (nyeem tiag tiag); "Paraarchitecture", yog tias peb lees txais lub sijhawm - tsawg dua "ntawm".
Qhov no yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis architecture. Tsuas yog qee qhov haujlwm ntawm no zoo li architecture, thiab txawm tias tom qab ntawd tsis tshua zoo. Choj ntawm lub xyoo pua XXI, ntawm kev txhawb nqa sab saud lub txaj ntawm Moskva River, tus choj hla Bering Strait; "Cov khoom ntawm qhov kev tshuam ntawm Bering Strait thiab hnub tim kab", uas zoo li xeb hauv qab dej hiav txwv; "Tshiab Moscow", khawb tawm hauv av; "Rov qab rau Lavxias cosmism" los ntawm cov ntawv pov thawj tias yog tias koj faib tsib-tsib lub tsev nrog cov xyoob thiab muab sib xyaws lawv 4 zaug, koj tuaj yeem rov tsa tau thiab rov kho txhua tus neeg uas tau nyob hauv ntiaj teb. "Lub Tuam Tsev" ua los ntawm lub kaus; "Lavxias ntxhw" hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ua tsiaj. Nov yog cov npe ua tsis tiav.
Tag nrho cov no, yog tias nws zoo li architecture, yog, hauv cov ntsiab lus, ib yam dab tsi rov qab.
Es tsis txhob, nws yog kev sim rau luag ntawm lub cliches: tus choj tsis hla tus dej, tab sis raws; ntau lub nroog uas tsis sib koom, tab sis khawb pov tseg; thiab yog li ntawm, txhua qhov haujlwm nws tus kheej, kom muab nws bluntly, lus tso dag uas tig ib yam dab tsi sab hauv. Txo ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm nws tus kheej.
Kuv xav tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm no yog kev luag. Qhov kev luag no txawv qhov ua haujlwm ntawm "Icing" los ntawm cov "ntawv" ntawm cov qub (cov ntawd tau zoo nkauj dua thiab nyob deb ntawm ib txwm tso dag, txawm hais tias feem ntau paradoxical dhau, muaj txuas ntxiv ntawm no). Thiab kuv yuav tsum lees tias qhov kev luag zoo no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim kho tshiab (thiab lub neej feem ntau), muaj ntau clichés.
