Nyob keeb kwm
Lub vaj huam sib luag monumental "Keeb kwm ntawm Tatar Sau", uas tau tshwm sim hauv kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nce tsev rau cov menyuam yaus ntse hauv lub zos Bogatye Saby (Tatarstan), tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm txoj kev kawm: tam sim no cov menyuam kawm ntawv tuaj yeem paub txog keeb kwm ntawm lawv qhov kev sau keeb kwm kev coj noj coj ua sab nraum lub sijhawm tsev kawm ntawv - tsuas yog saib cov txuj ci kev kos duab suav nrog tsim qauv ntawm tsev kawm sab hauv.
Thaum Lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 2014, cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawm Sabinskaya lub tsev kawm theem siab kev tswj hwm lub tsev kawm ntawv rau cov menyuam muaj txiaj ntsig "Umnik" (Republic of Tatarstan) tau txais khoom plig rau xyoo kawm ntawv tshiab: lub chaw tos txais ntawm chav tsev thib ob tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag loj loj. ua los ntawm ARCH-SKIN ceramics, smalt thiab iav mosaics - embodied hauv kev tsim qauv kos duab, ib zaj dab neeg hais txog cov tsiaj ntawv siv los ntawm Tatar neeg nyob rau ntau lub sijhawm ntawm lawv keeb kwm.
Kev sib tw rau kev tsim kho qhov kev tsim ua qauv rau tsev kawm ntawv cov chaw ua si lom zem tau tsim thiab ua los ntawm Ismail Akhmetov Foundation, uas txhawb kev kawm thiab kev coj noj coj ua. Cov kws sau tawm ntawm qhov kev pib ua tau zoo ua kom rov muaj lub siab nyiam rau ntau pua xyoo yav dhau los ntawm Tatars, thiab cov haujlwm "Keeb Kwm ntawm Tatar Cov Ntawv Sau" yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev no. Cov lus piav txog monumental, kev cuam tshuam txog kev nplua nuj ntawm Tatar kab lis kev cai hauv txoj kev lom zem, pab cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm tob txog lawv cov lus ntawm lawv haiv neeg thiab thiaj li muaj kev coj ua txuas ntxiv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib txuas ntawm lub sijhawm thiab tiam.
Tus kws sau txog lub tswv yim kev kos duab thiab lub taub hau ntawm qhov project yog Honoured Art Worker ntawm Republic of Tatarstan, Tus neeg sib tw ntawm keeb kwm Art, kws kes duab vajtse Rustem Shamsutov. Raws li nws lub tswv yim, lub vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj mosaic-ceramic vaj huam sib luag - lub suab pom kev sib txawv nyob rau sab hauv lub grey-beige sab hauv - ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm tshuab uas tso cai rau cov menyuam kawm ntawm lub hlwb khiav rov qab mus rau qhov chaw nyob deb thiab tsis ntev los no txhawm rau txhawm rau txheeb tus yuam sij theem ntawm kev tsim ntawm lawv hom lus. Cov tshooj lus ntawm qhov kev taug kev zoo no tau nthuav tawm nrog kev pab ntawm cov duab kab ke ntawm cov kab ntawv cov niam ntawv uas tau siv los ntawm Tatars hauv eras sib txawv. Cov ntawv xa tuaj pab kom nkag siab txog kev nkag siab ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Tatar kab lis kev cai thiab lus - ntawm phab ntsa txuas ntxiv koj tuaj yeem nyeem cov lus luv luv yoog rau menyuam yaus, sau los ntawm tus kws muaj npe nrov Arab kws muaj txuj ci Reseda Safiullina.
Compositionally, phab ntsa tau muab faib ua plaub thaj chaw, txheeb ze nrog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm Tatar sau ntawv, txhua tus cim tau los ntawm kev siv qee qhov kev sau ntawv ntawm cov txheej txheem - txheej thaum ub Türkic khiav sau (VII - XII xyoo pua), Arabic duab (XII xyoo pua) - 1927), cov ntawv Latin (1927 - 1938) thiab Cyrillic (1939 - txog niaj hnub no).
Qhov kev xav txog kev lom zem pib nrog lub caij nyoog ntawm kev sau nrawm ntawm lub hnub qub Turks. Cov pastel ntxoov txiv kab ntxwv thiab xim av, xaiv rau lub sijhawm no, nco txog cov av nplaum thiab pob zeb - cov ntaub ntawv uas cov pog koob yawg koob ntawm Tatars kho lawv cov ntawv. Cov lus ntawm cov neeg laus tuaj yeem kawm los ntawm ib qho yooj yim ntawm cov monument ntawm runic sau ntawm lub xyoo pua 8 rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag - cov plaub fab plaub ntug "Kul-Tegin", pom xyoo 1889 los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lavxias teb sab N. M. Yadrintsev hauv Tebchaws Mongolia (ARCH-SKIN ceramics, non-toxic engobe xim tsev npaj raws ntawm av nplaum diluted nrog dej, tua hluav taws, 3m²). Nyob ze yog lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm kev sau ntawv sau ua si - sau hauv xyoo pua 20 los ntawm tus kws nto moo Turkologist N. F. Katanov's tamgas, cov phiajcim hauv tsev neeg feem ntau nrog cov neeg cog lus Tatar teb cog lus kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua puv 19 (ARCH-SKIN ceramics, engobe pleev xim, tua hluav taws, 100 x 100 cm, 1 m²). Lub ntsiab lus thib peb hauv ntu no yog kev kos duab zoo nkauj ntawm Turkic cov tsiaj ntawv ua los ntawm ARCH-SKIN ceramics (kev sib sau ua ke Moro, Orzo, Materica Moka, Av nplaum, Pib Txiv Kab Ntxwv, Colorfeel Crema).
Pib ntawm XII pua, thaum lub ancient Bulgars tau coj los ua Islam, cov ntawv sau ua lub cim hloov maj mam hloov los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Arabic (thawj cov ntawv Arabic tshwm nyob rau X xyoo pua hauv thaj chaw uas muaj neeg los ntawm cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm Tatars - Volga Bulgars). Khij qhov kev hloov pauv no, cov nqaj hlau ntawm phab ntsa yog hloov pauv ntawm lub ntuj ntsuab xiav.
Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tshooj no tau suav nrog cov ntawv sau ntawm Ikhlas Sura (Kev Ntseeg, Sura 112, Koran), tau ua nyob rau hauv cov qauv qub ntawm cov ntawv Arabic "Kufi" (cov ntawv sib dhos nrog tus qauv txwv). Ua raws li cov kab lis kev cai ntawm Islamic architecture, tus sau phau ntawv lub luag haujlwm muaj cov lus luv luv nyob hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg - cov paj lug thiab cov lus tsim tshwj xeeb uas khaws cia cov neeg txawj ntse. Txog Cov Lus Ntxoo, cov lus Tatar hais uas teeb lub qhov rooj ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm, cov txheej txheem sulse tau raug xaiv: "Kev xav yog koj, cov lus hais yog rau tib neeg, cov lus sau yog nyob mus ib txhis", "Lus yog tus yuam sij rau kev paub, theem ntawm kev paub. " Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov zoo calligraphic ligature thiab cov ntawv loj Arabic tsim ib qho kev ua si ntawm cov nplai - nws tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm txoj kab kev coj ua uas, rov ua dua tus qauv ntawm xyoo pua 12 xyoo Tatar nplais, ncab tag nrho phab ntsa.
Lub sijhawm ntawm Arabic sau ntawv ntev txog yim pua pua xyoo, thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1927, tom qab kev nkag teb chaws ntawm Tatarstan mus rau hauv Soviet Union thiab kub cov lus sib tham txog kev hloov kho hom lus, Yanalif, tsab ntawv raws cov ntawv Latin, tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv niam ntawv raug. Romanization tau ua ib qho kev pom ntawm txoj kev nqhis dej rau cov ntawv tshiab, tshwm sim los ntawm qhov hloov pauv (feem ntau tsis lees paub ntawm ntau pua xyoo-laus Islamic kev lis kev cai ua lub pob zeb ntawm kev ntseeg yav dhau los) thiab utopian kev cia siab tso rau hauv lub ntiaj teb uas tau yug ua ntej txhua tus. Cov tsiaj ntawv raug kos raws cov duab kos ncaj nraim mus rau ntawm cov phiaj xim av-xim dub-xim liab ntawm ARCH-SKIN ceramics qhia txog kev tsim lub neej ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.
Qhov ntxiv mus - thiab thaum lub sijhawm kawg - "pib dua" ntawm lub suab tsiaj ntawv Tatar coj qhov chaw xyoo 1939, thaum hloov mus rau Cyrillic sau ntawv tau nqa tawm - qhov kawg ntawm daim duab koob yees duab tau mob siab rau lub sijhawm no: lub pixel mosaic ntawm dub thiab ntsuab iav tesserae sau nws nco qab qhov ntws ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj nti mysterious computer scripts los ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab "The Matrix".
Cov txheej txheem monumental ua rau cov xov xwm sib xyaw ua ke yog muab sau rau hauv kos duab ntawm chaw tos txais, uas tau ua tiav rau ntawm tib cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus zais ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua: ARCH-SKIN ceramics (Pob zeb sau) tau siv nyob rau hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm phab ntsa thiab qab nthab, hauv pem teb tau sau nrog smaltoceramics hauv ib qho txheej txheem ze ntawm Roman mosaics (khaws pob zeb thiab Xim). Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov txuj ci siv hauv kev daws teeb meem architectural thiab kos duab ntawm sab hauv no qhia meej txog kev sib txuas ntawm kos duab thiab lub neej. Qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm qhov chaw tos txais tsev kawm ntawv yog ntoo nrog daim duab puab ntawm Gabdulla Tukai, lub Tatar Pushkin - tus tsim ntawm cov lus niaj hnub Tatar thiab cov paj huam tshiab hauv lub teb chaws, uas nyob thaum pib ntawm xyoo pua 20th (1886 - 1913). Cov kab los ntawm nws zaj paj huam "Tugan Tel" ("Cov lus haiv") adorned lub pedestal ntawm monument rau tus kws sau paj lug (ntsib - ARCH-SKIN ceramics):
Tag nrho ob lub cev thiab lub cev matur, әtkәm-әnkәmnen lub cev.
Donyada kup nәrsә beldem sin tugan lub cev ntawm arkyly.
/ Niam tus nplaig yog lus dawb huv, leej txiv thiab niam nplaig
Koj zoo nkauj npaum li cas! Kuv tau nkag siab tag nrho lub ntiaj teb hauv koj txoj kev nplua nuj!
Rustem Shamsutov, Kws Ua Yeeb Yam Muaj Suab Npe Koom pheej ntawm Tatarstan, kws kes duab vajtse:
- Lub tswv yim ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg "Keeb kwm ntawm Tatar Sau Ntawv" tau yug los ntawm lub tswvyim ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej tau mob siab rau kev sau cov kab ke ntawm cov neeg Tatar - Kuv tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws yog ib feem ntawm cov kws tshawb nrhiav tshwj xeeb, tab sis rau tus lej ntawm vim li cas qhov project no tsis siv. Thiab thaum Ismail Akhmetov Foundation tshaj tawm txog kev sib tw rau sab hauv tsev kawm ntawv rau cov menyuam muaj txiaj ntsig nyob hauv lub zos Bogatye Saby, Kuv nco txog lub tswv yim uas tsis tau ua tiav thiab xav tias nws yuav nrhiav tau ib daim ntawv thov zoo heev tsis nyob hauv cov phab ntsa tsev cia puav pheej, tab sis hauv cov txheej txheem kev kawm. Tag nrho lub tswv yim twb tau npaj lawm - txhua qhov uas tseem tshuav yog los siv txoj kev npaj, thiab nws yog qhov zoo uas Ismail Akhmetov Foundation tau lees txais kuv cov lus pom zoo. Tshwj tsis yog rau lub sijhawm npaj, ua haujlwm ntawm thaj chaw tau siv ob lub hlis - Lub Xya Hli thiab Lub Yim Hli. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb tau tswj hloov cov ntsiab lus npaj rau lub tsev cia puav pheej nthuav tawm rau hauv kev ua neej nyob: ua tsaug rau kev paub zoo nkauj tau txais thaum ntsib nrog ib daim mosaic daim duab, ib qho kev txaus siab los ntawm kev sau kab lis kev cai awakens hauv tus menyuam, nws pib xav paub qhov twg cov ntawv tuaj rau peb, tsab ntawv uas peb siv, thiab yog li kev tsim kho, ua qhov kev paub no ua ib feem ntawm peb lub neej.
Los ntawm cov kev xav txog lub tswv yim zoo, kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg "Keeb Kwm ntawm Tatar Sau" yog tias muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv muaj feem xyuam rau cov eras sib txawv thiab cov cwj pwm sib cuam tshuam hauv nws - smalt, iav mosaics thiab thev naus laus zis. Nws tau ua tau los siv cov kev daws teeb meem no hauv ntau lub ntsiab lus ua tsaug rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm ARCH-SKIN.
Izabella Borisova, mosaicist:
- Ib pawg ntawm mosaicists los ntawm Art Residence hauv Balabanovo, tsim los ntawm Ismail Akhmetov Foundation, thiab St. Petersburg Academy of Arts muaj npe tom qab V. I. I. E. Kwv Npeev. Cov mosaic teeb tau ua nyob rau hauv Balabanovo nyob rau hauv kev coj ua raws li cov lus sau ntawm lub tswv yim kev kos duab - tus kws kes duab vajtse Rustem Shamsutov, uas ib txwm tuaj rau peb ntawm Kazan. Ismail Akhmetov, yog tus tswv ntawm txoj haujlwm, tau cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau peb cov kev sib tham.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem kev tsim tswv yim nyob rau hauv qhov kev sib tham tsis tu ncua - qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog tiag tiag nyob rau hauv cov rooj plaub no thaum cov neeg koom nrog txoj haujlwm ua kom nyob deb: rau cov neeg uas koom nrog kev tsim tawm ntawm mosaics, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas xav tias muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov lub tswv yim, thiab rau cov kws kos duab - kom nkag siab txog cov kev txwv vim muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam. …
Pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm mosaic tau ua haujlwm ntawm ob ntawm plaub ntu kev ua haujlwm, uas yog nplooj siab rau lub sijhawm ntawm Arabic thiab Cyrillic sau ntawv. Rau txhua tus ntawm lawv, ib qho khoom siv tau xaiv uas tshaj tawm meej tshaj tawm tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub caij nyoog - ob qho tib si zoo nkauj thiab thev naus laus zis: Arab lub sijhawm tau rov ua dua los ntawm smalt thiab ARCH-SKIN ceramics, lub sijhawm Cyrillic - los ntawm iav mosaics.
Hauv thawj kis, smalt sib xyaw ua ke nrog ARCH-SKIN cov ceramics zoo (3.5 hli) muab qhov kev xav ntawm cov khoom siv tiag tiag, pab ua kom muaj kev sov siab ntawm kev ua haujlwm xuas tes ua. Qhov kev tshawb pom tsis pom kev zoo ntawm qhov project yog kev sib txuam ntawm cov mosaics thiab ceramics. Nws tau txiav txim siab los ua cov lus tshaj tawm Tatar hauv cov lus Arabic ntawm ARCH-SKIN ceramic inserts, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom pom cov lus calligraphy nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov duab mosaic. Los ua cov mosaic, cov txheej txheem ntawm thim rov qab, los yog Venetian, teeb tau siv - thaum tesserae yog nteg ntsej muag ntawm daim ntawv tracing nrog daim duab kos ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag yav tom ntej. Cov teeb rov qab nrog kev sib tsoo tom qab ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua kom tau qhov zoo tshaj plaws saum npoo - qhov no ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum ua kom tiav qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov menyuam txoj kev kawm, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb tau them rau qhov kev nplij siab thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm ib puag ncig.
Hauv seem, xav txog lub sijhawm Cyrillic ntawm Tatar sau ntawv, peb tau ntsib txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab pixelated ntsuab-dub kos duab uas siv rau hauv cov khoom siv ua kom pom tseeb motif los ntawm zaj duab xis "Matrix" - raws li kws kes duab vajtse npaj, qhov ib feem ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg mob siab rau kev hloov kho tshiab yuav tsum ua tus sawv cev rau lub ntiaj teb technogenic: ntau dua txhua lub tswv yim no tuaj yeem ua kom pom los ntawm iav mosaic - thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom tso cai kom tau txais tessera-pixels zoo ib yam, uas tsis muab qhov kev xav ntawm tus txiv neej- ua thiab sov sov uas tshwm sim thaum ntsib nrog smalt.
Dedicated rau keeb kwm ntawm cov lus sau ntawm cov neeg Tatar, cov haujlwm no pab kom nkag siab zoo dua li cas lus thiab zej zog muaj kev loj hlob thiab ua li cas kev nkag siab zoo nkauj hloov pauv raws sijhawm. Kuv xav tias rau txhua tus tswvcuab hauv pab pawg, qhov phiaj xwm no tau dhau los ua qhov kev paub tseem ceeb thiab theem tshiab ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Thaum koj tsim ib yam dab tsi rau menyuam yaus, koj yuav tsum muaj kev tshwj xeeb kom meej meej txog qhov koj ua - yav tom ntej nyob ntawm seb koj xav li cas txog koj txoj haujlwm thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm koj lub siab uas koj tso rau hauv.
