Lub npe ntawm qhov ua yeeb yam "forge ntawm kuj zoo kawg architecture" tsuas yog xav kom conjecture rau "forge ntawm kuj zoo kawg style". Tseeb, kev txhais kom meej meej nthuav qhia tag nrho cov ntau ntawm cov qauv uas tau tom qab fused mus rau qhov tsis muaj npe Stalinist neoclassicism (lossis Empire style - raws li koj nyiam). Nyob hauv cov tsev ntawm lub Enfilade ntawm lub tsev tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, muaj avant-gardists (Konstantin Melnikov, Vesnin cov kwv tij), thiab cov kev taw qhia nyob ze rau Western Art Deco (Rhiav ntawm Daniil Fridman), thiab lub tsev kawm yav dhau los rov qab ua dua tshiab (Alexei) Shchusev), thiab Leningrad neoclassicists-traditionalists (Noy Trotsky, Vladimir Shchuko). Qhov ntau ntawm cov dej tsaws ntxhee uas muaj nyob yuav luag ntawm ib lub sijhawm keeb kwm yog qhov ua tau zoo heev.
Tab sis kev ua yeeb yam tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev tsim nyob ntawm "grand style".
Peb yuav tsum them se rau cov tswj hwm Sergei Tchoban (SPEECH) thiab Irina Chepkunova (MA): kev nthuav tawm tsis yog tsuas yog muaj cov npe ntawm cov neeg sib tw ua haujlwm ntawm xyoo 1920 - 1950, uas muaj kev nplua nuj nyob hauv kev sau ntawm lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Architecture. Cov kws saib xyuas tau xaiv los tsuas xya zaj dab neeg sib tw, tab sis qhia txhua ntawm lawv kom meej - los ntawm cov tswvyim mus rau kev siv. Ntawm no yog cov khoom nyob ib puag ncig uas cov lus piav yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab: lub Palace ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm (Mossovet Hotel ("Moscow") thaum kawg ua rau hauv qhov chaw npaj rau nws), Moscow ceg ntawm cov chaw lis haujlwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Leningradskaya Pravda" (lub tsev tshaj tawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Izvestia"), Central Telegraph, Lub Tsev Qiv Ntawv Hauv Tebchaws Meskas USSR lawv. IN THIAB. Lenin, Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Tub Rog Liab tau tis npe raws li V. I. M. V. Frunze, Xeev Theatre muaj npe tom qab V. S. Meyerhold (Tchaikovsky Concert Hall), USSR Academy of Sciences (nws qhov chaw tau nyob hauv Central Tsev Kws Txuj Ci).
Qhov kawg "daim ntawv luv luv" suav nrog cov vaj tse iconic hauv Moscow, tsim thaum lub sijhawm txaus ntshai ntawm kev tsim ntawm Soviet architecture. Raws li txoj cai, lawv tau tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntawm lub nroog keeb kwm, hloov nws, qee zaum - nkag mus rau hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb, teeb tsa qhov tshiab, nthuav dav thiab tsim cov chaw tshiab hauv nroog. Txoj kev nthuav lus tso cai rau peb los tshawb nrhiav qhov lub tswv yim ntawm cov tuam tsev-cov cim qhia uas tsis muaj nyob sab nraud, tab sis sab hauv txoj kev npaj nroog loj cov ntaub, tau yug los thiab hloov.
Lub rooj nthuav dav no tseem yog yuav hais txog yuav ua li cas sai sai, vim yog kis tau suav hauv cov nroog thiab kev xam pom, Moscow tau rov qab los rau hauv lub nroog tshiab. Ntawm no inevitably (thiab qhov no yog kom meej meej li cas curators xav tau) ib qho piv txwv nrog hnub no tshwm sim. Nws tsis zoo li tias lub chaw muaj tiag hauv nroog tau tshwm sim hauv lub nroog tshaj nees nkaum xyoo dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv xav xav txog: nws puas tuaj yeem tau hnub no, ntawm theem tshiab keeb kwm, piv txwv ntawm cov architecture loj los tshwm rau ntawm no, hais tias, ntawm cov kev sib tsoo (qhov no yog qhov haujlwm ncaj qha uas cov kev sib tw tam sim no tau teev tseg)?
Tab sis rov qab rau lub ncauj lus ntawm kev nthuav tawm. Cov kev sib tw loj tau raug xaiv los ua kev nthuav qhia, kos npe nrog kev siv ntawm qhov kev ua zoo tshaj plaws, thiab kev sib tw ntau "cov ntawv" ntawm xyoo 1920 - 1930. - sab laug qab ntawm lub scenes. Yog li, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb ntawm cov koom ua yeeb yam tso rau pom tseeb: kev sib tw yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lawv ncaj qha raws li kev siv cov tswv yim los xaiv cov tswv yim zoo tshaj plaws los tsim cov architecture tiag tiag.
Yog li, rau ntawm xya qhov kev sib tw thaum kawg tau txais "cov khoom siv". Tsuas yog kev zam tsuas yog kev sib tw rau qhov haujlwm ntawm Palace of Labour (1922–1923) - qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, txawm hais tias nws tsis ua rau kev nqis tes ua qhov kev ua tiav, tab sis tau hais txog kev coj ntawm kev nthuav dav hauv kev lag luam hauv tsev.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev sib tw no tuaj yeem ua qhov txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kws kes duab hnub no. Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev sib tw, cov kws tshaj lij vaj tse ASNOVA, coj los ntawm Nikolai Ladovsky, tsis kam koom vim tias muaj kev saib xyuas ntau dhau, hauv lawv cov kev xav, pawg neeg pab txiav txim, yog li muab txoj kev rau lawv cov neeg sib tw - cov kws tsim kho cov kwv tij Vesnin, uas thaum kawg tau txais thib peb nqi zog. Raws li keeb kwm tau qhia, qhov kev tshem tawm tus kheej ntawm cov rationalists tau ua neeg tuag rau lawv: lawv tau raug tshem tawm mus ib txhis los ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse, thiab Vesnins tau muab lub sijhawm los txhim kho lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov niaj hnub kos duab.
Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub tsev iconic hauv nroog Moscow ua rau pom tseeb dua hauv cov txheej txheem los ntawm kev sib piv ntau yam kev sib tw. Yog li, txoj kev pom zoo txheej xwm txheej thau tawm los ntawm P. I. Tchaikovsky kev sau ntawv los ntawm Dmitry Chechulin tuaj yeem pom zoo li rudimentary pib version ntawm Alexei Shchusev qhov haujlwm nrog ntauwd, los ntawm cov uas nyob rau hauv qhov kawg nkaus tsuas yog pergola tiav tseem tshuav rau lub tsev noj mov uas tsis tau ua haujlwm tiav.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab nthuav tawm architecturally tsis yog ib txwm siv: qhov project tau ua raws li qhov zoo tshaj plaws saj ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, uas yog lub xeev, lub ntsiab kev teeb tsa ntawm kev sib tw.
Qee qhov ntawm cov haujlwm tau nthuav tawm yog qhov tshwj xeeb tiag tiag thiab yuav yog cov neeg nyiam ntawm keeb kwm ntawm architecture. Piv txwv li, kev ua yeeb yam nthuav tawm qhov kev sib tw ua haujlwm rau kev tsim lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci Kev Ntseeg ntawm Fab Kis cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb thoob ntiaj teb André Lurs, uas tau ua haujlwm rau qee lub sijhawm hauv USSR thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1930. Qhov hauj lwm no tau kawg rau pej xeem hauv Fabkis 30 xyoo dhau los. Tsis tas li, thawj thawj zaug, txoj haujlwm ntawm ASNOVA pawg tub ceev xwm tau qhia txog kev sib tw ntawm Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm RKKA muaj npe tom qab V. I. M. V. Frunze thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam kev ua haujlwm.
Ntau qhov kev nthuav qhia, piv txwv, qhov haujlwm ntawm Cov Tsev Cog Lus ntawm Krymsky Val, nteg dov rau ob peb xyoo lawm thiab raug kev txom nyem ntau los ntawm qhov no. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau rov qab los ua ntej ua kom pom, uas yog ib qho kev coj ua thaum lub sijhawm npaj kev ua yeeb yam, raws li tus kws saib xyuas Irina Chepkunova tau hais meej.
Qhov tsim qauv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam xav tau qhov kev txwv ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev ua yeeb yam, yog li qee qhov ntawm lawv tsis suav nrog qhov kev nthuav dav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov haujlwm no tuaj yeem pom hauv phau ntawv teev kev teeb tsa, qhov twg txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm npaj los ntawm tus tswj hwm kom pom yog luam tawm.
