Sergey Estrin:
- Kuv yuav tsuas tso cov khoom uas kuv pom nrog kuv tus kheej lub qhov muag, tsis yog hauv cov duab. Txij li thaum muaj ntau tus kws yees duab zoo tam sim no, daim duab hauv phau ntawv xov xwm tsis yog ib txwm ua kom pom lub neej ntawm lub tsev - qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb rau cov tuam tsev niaj hnub, tab sis nws kuj muaj tseeb rau cov vaj tsev keeb kwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov duab thaij duab tsis ib txwm qhia cov kev xav uas tsim los ntawm ib puag ncig, thiab cov ntsiab lus teb tseem ceeb heev rau kev nkag siab architecture. Ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tau coj kuv thaum xaiv qhov chaw kuv nyiam puas yog muaj lub siab xav saib lawv ntev, phooj ywg, taug kev ncig, yees lawv ntawm ntau cov ces kaum. Kuv ntseeg hais tias zoo architecture yuav tsum tsis to taub thaum xub thawj siab, thaum tom qab tsib feeb tsis muaj dab tsi los tham txog. Tsib txoj haujlwm uas kuv tau xaiv yog cov ua, muaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qhov thib tsib yuav yog tag nrho lub nroog. Txawm hais tias ob leeg nyob rau ib zaug.
1.
Monastery ntawm Order of Christ (Convent tsib Cristo)
Tomar, Portugal, Xyoo XII
Qhov no yog lub tsev ntawm kev tsim vaj tsev, nws yog nyob ntawm ib lub toj. Nkag mus, tom qab lub rooj tog ntsa tiv thaiv koj pom lub Koom Txoos ntawm Templars, qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog tub rog sawv ntsug kev pabcuam yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm lawv tus nees. Cov qauv tsim thiab keeb kwm tau sib xyaw ua ke ntawm no, sib koom ua ke los ntawm ib qho kev ntxhib los mos, uas muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo, koj cia kiag koj tus kheej hauv nws sai li sai tau thaum koj nkag hauv. Ntau cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg stylistic thiab sib lawv liag yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm no: Romanesque fortress architecture ntawm Templars, Gothic, Baroque, Manueline style. Muaj ntau cov duab puab, muaj ntau lub décor, tab sis nws pom tau tias yog qhov dav, feem ntau vim qhov tseeb tias txhua yam yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ntawm cov tsiaj tib. Kev nplua mias ntawm cov yas tsim ib qho zoo nkauj chiaroscuro - peb tau siv ntau lub sijhawm nyob ntawd, txij thaum tav su txog rau hnub poob, thiab peb muaj lub sijhawm los soj ntsuam seb txhua yam hloov raws li cov teeb pom kev zoo sib txawv. Koj tuaj yeem taug kev thiab saib ntawm qhov kawg. Muaj lub hiav txwv ntawm txias vantage cov ntsiab lus nyob qhov twg koj xav nres, saib duab, kos duab, txhawm rau kom sov ua licas cia nws nyob hauv koj lub siab. Thiab cov no tsis yog cov ntsiab lus random - nws zoo li rau kuv tias, txawm hais tias cov khaub ncaws ua ke tau noj ntau xyoo dhau los, nws yog xav tawm rau qhov tsawg tshaj plaws kom meej, qhov kev xav tau xam - lawv ua hauj lwm rau spatially thiab thematically, ua ib qhov tseeb thiab muaj zog.
Rau kuv, qhov no yog qhov tiag tiag architecture - muaj ntau haiv neeg, nrog cov sib sau sib txuas sib xws, tab sis tib lub sij hawm zoo heev ua haujlwm thiab hloov pauv rau ib qho ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb. Cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv lwm cov khoom, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no yog qhov no yog qhov tseeb dhau los: thaum koj taug kev ntawm nws, nws zoo li tias koj tau mloog cov nkauj tiav lawm - ib yam dab tsi tshiab yeej ib txwm tshwm hauv qhov qub suab paj nruag”.
Muaj ntau lub qhov rai zoo nkauj nrog kev sib txawv, sib txawv hauv lub sijhawm - lawv tuaj yeem sib nrug tau ob puas xyoo sib nrug nyob rau lub sijhawm, lawv tuaj yeem nteg tau, zais ib qho dhau ib qho - piv txwv li, Palladian kem kaw qhov sib luag zoo sib xws, tab sis lub qhov rais thaum ntxov. Rau ib lub qhov rais los ntawm qhov nyuaj no, cov Askiv tau npaj siab zam txim Portugal txhua qhov nuj nqis - nws zoo nkauj heev. Tab sis cov Portuguese tsis tso ntawm lub qhov rais, vim hais tias rau lawv nws kuj tau siv hais txog muaj nuj nqis ntau dua li tsoomfwv nuj nqis.
2.
John Hancock Center hauv Chicago
Skidmore, Cov Khoom Muaj Zog thiab Merrill, 1965-1969
Yuav ua li cas tsim skyscrapers? Nws tuaj yeem ua zoo li Mies van der Rohe's - tiaj tiaj: lawv tau saib zoo thaum xub thawj, tab sis tom qab ntawd lawv pib rov ua lawv tus kheej. Thiab koj tuaj yeem tsim qee yam lus tshiab. Ntawm no, nws zoo li rau kuv, cov lus yas yog cuam tshuam nrog qee yam ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj thaum ub, tab sis kho rau qhov siab ntawm ib puas plag tsev. Qhov kev ntxhib los mos, xim, cov ntsiab lus zoo heev, cov hlau tseem zoo li zoo nkauj thiab ci ntsa rau ntau qhov chaw sib txawv. Cov khoom siv yog cov muaj zog heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm chav kawm, zoo li nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub tuam tsev saum ntuj, qhov loj thiab lub tsev ntawm lub tsev yog qhov zoo nkauj hauv nws tus kheej - tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv xws li architecture ib tug neeg inevitably "hais lus ntawm cov neeg loj heev", hauv qhov no "hais lus" yog to taub, nws tuaj yeem nkag siab. Nplai tsis coj mus rau qhov muaj ntau ntau, nyob ntsiag to kev sib cais, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lub tsev yog "qhia" ib yam dab tsi txhua lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem saib nws tsis tas li, saib kev hloov pauv mus rau kev nplua nuj, kev sib txuas lus.
Muaj ib lub tsev noj mov sab saud - los ntawm ib sab koj tuaj yeem pom Lake Michigan, nws yog qhov zoo nkauj thiab piv tau hauv cov nplaim no, ntawm sab nraud - lub nroog. Thiab koj kav nws tshaj txhua tus. Nyob rau cuaj caum-tsib, tus neeg xav tias xis nyob, thiab qhov no yog qhov zoo ntawm lub tsev. Lub skyscraper yog yuav luag txhua lub plhaub, nws nyuaj rau hnov nws los ntawm sab hauv, tab sis hauv qhov no nws ua haujlwm.
3.
Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Quai Branly hauv Paris
Jean Nouvel, 2001-2006
Lub tsev ntawm Lub Tsev Khaws Khoom Qub ntawm Tsev Kawm Ntawv Qib Siab ntawm Quai Branly yog ib qho tshiab tshaj plaws Parisian cov tuam tsev Kuv nyiam tshaj plaws. Nws sawv hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab, sab nraud ntawm Trocadero, ze rau ntawm Eiffel Tower. Nyob ze yog cov vaj tsev nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua puv 19. Yog lawm, qhov sib piv yog qhov hnyav heev, Kuv tsis paub yuav ua li cas Kuv yuav pom nws yog tias kuv yog Parisian. Tab sis qhov no peb tab tom tham txog yuav ua li cas lub architecture raug tsim. Koj nkag los ntawm kev cog qoob loo - thiab taug kev los ntawm cov nyom, hla toj, uas yog, koj qhov tseeb pom koj tus kheej hauv lwm lub ntiaj teb. Yog li, koj tau rub tawm ntawm thaj chaw hauv nroog thiab tig mus ua qee yam txawv kiag li.
Cov kos duab ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom yog niaj hnub no. Kuv tsis xav hais tias kuv nyiam hom architecture no, txawm tias nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem nrhiav ntau cov ces kaum zoo nkauj, kev nthuav qhia nthuav dav - kev sim qhia cov lus niaj hnub no xws li cov ncauj lus tsis yooj yim raws li kev kos duab ntawm cov pej kum, ua kom muaj kev nyiam cov neeg tuaj saib. Lub tsev khaws puav pheej nthuav tawm suav nrog qee qhov me me ntawm yam khoom khaws cia hauv nws lub tsev muag khoom, tab sis dab tsi yog zaub yog madly ntxim nyiam thiab ua rau koj xav tsis thoob txog cov txuj ci ntawm cov neeg thiaj li hu ua "txheej thaum ub". Cov txoj hauv kev yog nthuav tsim, nws yog qhov yooj yim mus taug kev muaj, qhov chaw npau taws ua rau lub zog txav, thaum lub sijhawm koj cia li pom ib yam dab tsi ntawm qhov tsis paub kiag li uas koj pib nyiam. Koj nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas tso cai rau koj los tsim cov qauv tshiab, thiab koj pib yuav luag hlub dab tsi tau qhia muaj. Ntau ntau ntawm cov khoom pov thawj yog tsim los ntawm tes: cov ntaub ntawv npog cov tawv, cov phiaj xwm hlawv ntoo. Nyob rau sab nraud, lub iav tsom qhov muaj sia nyob Parisian. Lub tsev yog "verbose", uas yog qhov zoo heev rau cov tsev cia puav pheej. ***
4.
Lloyd tsev hauv London
Richard Rogers, 1978-1986
Kuv muaj ntau ntau daim duab ntawm lub tsev no, suav nrog ua ke nrog cov tsev sib ze, thiab hauv reflections. Txhua txhua lub sijhawm kuv mus rau London, kuv sim mus cuag nws. Kev txiav txim los ntawm qhov kev nkag siab, los ntawm qhov uas koj xav mus saib nws, qhov no yog qhov tshiab baroque. Cov lus txias, nthuav tawm uas txaus rau lub nroog ib puag ncig. Muaj cov hlau txhuam, thiab hnav, thiab khoov duav, thiab qhov rov ua dua tshiab uas txhim kho qhov kev xav, iav nrog tus qauv luam tawm, pob zeb ua ke … Lub nraub qaum yog zoo heev kiag li, ib nrab ntawm cov kav dej yog qhov khoob, vim hais tias engineering tej zaum tsis xav tau ntau ntawm lawv, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm no loog tshwj xeeb xws li "rov ua haujlwm" yog qhov tsim nyog. Lub caij no, nws yog qhov ze heev rau classical architecture, txawm tias Palladio: rhythms, proportions, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus - albeit tsis yog qhov tseeb, tab sis pom tau, palpable.
Lub tsev sawv ntawm ib sab ntawm tus "Dib Ntoo", uas, tau kawg, tau paub zoo dua. Tab sis rau qee qhov laj thawj Kuv tsis xav thaij duab nws txhua. Yog, masterfully invented, zoo kawg nkaus, nthuav, loj, pom, pom tau. Tab sis koj tuaj yeem taug kev ncig mus ntev Lloyd, thaij duab ntawm cov nplai sib txawv, cov ces kaum zoo nkauj los ntawm txhua lub kaum ntse ntse, thiab nrog "Dib" txhua yam muaj tseeb - ua tsaug, saib!
5.
Da dej hauv Askiv thiab Noto hauv Sicily
Txhua yam khoom uas kuv hais txog ntawm no tau cuam tshuam nrog ib puag ncig. Nov yog qhov kuv nyiam txog architecture. Kuv yuav pom ob yam khoom ntxiv, tab sis kev sib tham yuav yog tib yam.
Lub nroog Da dej tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ntawm qhov kev nyiam mus rau Palladianism. Nws yog ib-thooj, los ntawm ib qho khoom siv, hauv ib tus qauv. Lub tsev ntawm cov haujlwm sib txawv ua haujlwm ua ke hauv qhov chaw. Tab sis lub architecture ntawm lawv txhua tus yog tus neeg, Kuv tsis xav tias muaj ntau yam kev daws teeb meem. Tag nrho ua ke nws zoo nkaus li cus ciav thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Lub nroog tau tsim nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov laus chav dej Roman, uas txiav txim siab qhov kev xaiv ntawm style: zoo nkauj kawg, muaj zog, xis. Lub nroog no siv rau ib yam khoom. Koj taug kev, ntes cov koob yees duab lub ces kaum, thiab koj xav nyob hauv cov khoom no, taug kev. Nws tsis yog txhua yam kev ntxias kom tawm thiab pom qee yam ua tiav, cia hais tias, yam tsis muaj hnub kawg.
Ib qho khoom sib xws heev yog lub nroog ntawm Noto hauv Sicily, uas tau ua los ntawm peb tus kws ua vaj tsev tsis pub dhau peb caug xyoo, tom qab Noto thaum ub tau puas tsuaj tag los ntawm av qeeg xyoo 1693. Kuv tsis paub qhov twg lawv cov nyiaj los ntawm lub sijhawm, tab sis lawv tau txhim tsa lub nroog tag nrho ntawm cov pob zeb, siv tib lub pob zeb, uas ua haujlwm zoo rau kev ntseeg ntawm daim duab. Peb txoj hauv kev loj yog mus tib seem thiab sib tshuam nrog cov plaub fab. Qee lub tsev tsis tau ua tiav, vim tias cov phiaj xwm tau loj dua li cov peev nyiaj tau txaus. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov tuam tsev tau sib koom ua ke los ntawm qhov baroque style - qhov no ua rau cov khaub ncaws ntawm lub nroog yuav luag nws. Hauv Sicily, piv txwv li, muaj ntau lub tsev baroque, tab sis thaum lawv sib xyaw nrog cov ntoo ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 lossis nrog cov architecture niaj hnub, qhov kev xav yuav txawv. Ntawm no koj zoo li nyob hauv ib lub tsev loj - qhov no yog lub nroog loj uas yuav luag nrog lub tswv yim zoo uas nkag siab thiab txaus nyiam, hauv kuv lub tswvyim, tsis yog rau cov kws tshwj xeeb.
