Lub zos Austrian ntawm Werkbund (1930-1932) nyob rau sab hnub poob thaj tsam ntawm Vienna, nyob hauv koog chaw Hitzing, tau paub tsawg dua li nws cov neeg ua haujlwm German, Weissenhof hauv Stuttgart. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog nyob rau hauv qhov nyuaj no tias cov yam ntxwv ntawm interwar Austrian modernism tau pom meej meej - nrog rau lub tswv yim ntawm nws tus kws tsim, kws kes duab vajtse Josef Frank. Lub zos ntawm Werkbunda tau xav tias yog qhov ua yeeb yam rau qhov ua tiav ntawm lub teb chaws kev tsim vaj tsev, tab sis ib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tsim kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov chaw uas cov tsev sib txuas nrog lub vaj ib puag ncig, ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov yooj yim nrog tsawg kawg tus nqi, tus kheej thiab kev nkag siab ntawm lub zej zog yuav ua tiav. Thaum tsim qauv, lawv tau mus los ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv, thiab tsis yog los ntawm kev xav; yog li, Frank tau cem cov neeg German tamsis no rau kev tshaj lij, vim tias lawv cov haujlwm tau dhau los ua "tsis muaj sia".
Lwm qhov - thiab qhov tseem ceeb - cov khoom ntawm kev thuam, uas tau hais tawm nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm heev ntawm lub zos ntawm Verkbund, yog qhov kev tsim kho ntawm "Red Vienna", tsis pub dhau lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov chaw nyob uas loj ntawm Karl-Marx-Hof hom tau. tsa rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab lwm tus neeg txom nyem. Frank tau txiav txim siab txog qhov ua kom deb ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab thov lub tsev ntsuab qis qis hauv kev teb. Txij li thaum peb tab tom tham txog lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov tsev sib raug zoo, lub zos ntawm Verkbund tau ua los ntawm cov tsev me me (yog li, cov neeg thuam txawm hu lawv "vaj tsev nyob rau dwarfs") - txawm li ntawd los, kev nplij siab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj. Ntau hom tau txais tib lub hom phiaj - tsuas yog peb caug-peb, kom haum rau txhua qhov chaw thiab sib txuas ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv.
Thaum pib, 70 lub tsev tau tsa rau ntawm daim duab peb sab ntawm lub zos; thaum muaj Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thib Ob, lawv tau raug rhuav tshem, thiab ob peb xyoos tom qab muaj lwm lub tsev tshwm nyob hauv lawv qhov chaw. Tus tsim tsa yog tus tswv tuam tuam txhab GESIBA, Josef Frank muab cov lus qhia ua lub thev naus laus zis, cov xim rau cov tsev tau xaiv los ntawm tus kws kos duab Laszlo Gabor, tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Werkbund (lub teeb daj, xiav, lub raj mis ntsuab, paj yeeb).
"Lub rooj nthuav me vaj tse loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Europe" tau teeb tsa txij Lub Rau Hli 4 txog Lub Yim Hli 7, 1932; Cov neeg sau xov xwm Austria tau thuam nws ntau zaus, cov neeg txawv teb chaws qhuas nws, thiab thaum ob lub hlis no 100,000 cov neeg tuaj xyuas lub zos - txawm hais tias nws nyob deb chaw. Tom qab nws tau npaj siab yuav muag lub tsev raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov nqi pheej yig, tab sis kev txom nyem nyiaj txiag hnyav tau ua rau tseem ceeb dua cov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg rau cov Viennese feem ntau (thawj zaug them tau 40% ntawm tag nrho tus nqi, 25-65 txhiab shillings, nrog tus nqi nruab nrab cov nyiaj hli ntawm 220 shillings). Yog li ntawd, tsuas muaj 14 lub tsev raug muag, thiab tus so ntawm GESIBA (thiab tom qab 1938 - lub nroog) tau xauj tsev.
Txij xyoo 1978, lub zos tau pov hwm los ntawm lub xeev los ua cov cuab yeej cuab tam tseem ceeb. Nyob rau xyoo 1982-1985, nws tau txum tim rov qab los thiab lub tsev khaws puav pheej me me tau tsim nyob rau ntawd, tab sis twb tau nyob rau xyoo 2010 lub chaw no tau muab teev rau hauv cov npe ntawm monuments nyob rau hauv kev hem thawj, uas yog ib xyoos ua los ntawm World Monuments Fund: nws cov kws tshaj lij tau npau taws vim tsis muaj tu kom zoo ntawm lub zos, ua haujlwm ua ib lub tsev hauv nroog. Cov tswj hwm hauv nroog thiab Tsoomfwv Lub Tebchaws Pabcuam Saib Xyuas Tebchaws tau mloog lawv thiab pib txhim kho nrog kev siv nyiaj ntawm 8,5 lab euros (2010-2016) raws li kev coj ua ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse P. GOOD (Praschl-Goodarzi Architekten). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kom deb li deb tau, cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tswv yim siv hauv xyoo 1932 tau siv, qhov kev nplij siab ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv tau raug suav (cov chav dej tshiab hauv qab daus tau ntxiv, thiab lwm yam). Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev tau ua peev txheej txuag, uas tsis yooj yim heev. lawv cov faadesade tsis tuaj yeem nrog cov polystyrene panels. Lub hauv paus yog insulated, niaj hnub cua (nrog cua sov) thiab cua sov tau tsim (thaum pib, lub tsev raug cua sov los ntawm lub qhov cub), thiab raws li qhov tshwm sim, txawm tias tsis muaj qhov cub hluav taws xob tsis zoo, kev siv cua sov tau txo los ntawm yuav luag ib nrab.
Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb ntawm Weissenhof yog tus qauv rau lub zos Viennese, Josef Frank tsis tau caw ib tus kws lij choj koom nrog kev koom tes nrog kev koom tes - txhawm rau muab lwm cov kws kes duab "hais" ntawm cov ncauj lus txog kev nyob tshiab. Cov neeg tsim qauv Austrian suav nrog Frank nws tus kheej, Adolf Loos, Joseph Hoffmann, Clemens Holzmeister thiab lwm tus. Cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tuaj koom, nrog rau lwm tus, Gerrit Rietveld los ntawm Netherlands, tus yawg Fab Kis Fab Kis Andre Lursa, German Hugo Häring. Ntxiv rau, cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov tsev tau ua tiav los ntawm Austrians uas twb tau ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, Margarete Schütte-Lichotzky, Richard Neutra thiab Arthur Grünberger.
Cov hauv paus pib feem ntau cib, tsawg feem ntau ua vaj tse; phab ntsa ua pob zeb, qab nthab hauv qab daus yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua pob zeb, cov plag tsev yog pob zeb ua av. Txhua tus tau txais kev kho kom zoo nkauj tha xim sab hauv thiab khoom lag luam.
Ntawm 33 hom, 22 yog thaiv cov tsev, xya yog lub tsev nyob ib lub tsev, peb yog villas ywj siab, thiab tseem muaj ib hom "tshwj xeeb". Ntawm 70 lub txheej txheem, 53 tau teeb tsa, kaum plaub raug tsa ua khub, thiab peb tau cais ua ke. Kaum ob lub tsev yog ib-zaj, 37 ob-, 21 peb-zaj lus. Thaj chaw ntawm cov tsev sib txawv ua ke ntawm 57 thiab 125 m2, feem ntau yog 75 m2; daim phiaj xwm tau ncav cuag qhov nruab nrab ntawm 200-250 m2. Thaum pib, lub zos tau txais ib qho chaw lej ntawm cov tsev, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws hloov mus rau lub nroog li qub ib txwm nyob hauv txoj kev.
Semi-xab lub tsev # 6-7, kws kes duab vajtse Richard Bauer
Kev Tawm Tsam 75 thiab 77
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab pom ntawm no.
Plaub lub tsev nyob ib nrab ntawm # 8-11, kws kes duab vajtse Josef Hoffman
Kev Sib Ntaus, 79, 81, 83 thiab 85
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Ob lub tsev nyob ib nrab ntawm # 17-18 los ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam Karl Bieber thiab Otto Niedermoser
Voinovichgasse, 28 thiab 30
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Plaub lub tsev thaiv # 25-28, kws kes duab vajtse Andre Lursa
Kev Sib Ntaus, 87, 89, 91 thiab 93
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Lub tsev nyob ntawm ib lub tsev sab nrauv tsis yog 33–34, kws kes duab vajtse Julius Jirasek
Kev Sib Ntaus 103 thiab 105
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Lub tsev nyob sab nrauv # 35-36, kws kes duab vajtse Ernst Plischke
Sib ntaus sib tua 107 thiab 109
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Lub tsev ib nrab tsev uas tsis yog lub tsev, 39 architect40, tus kws ua haujlwm Oswald Härdtl
Kev Sib Ntaus 115 thiab 117
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Thaiv lub tsev tsis tau. 41–42, kws kes duab vajtse Ernst Lichtblau
Jagdschlossgasse, 88 thiab 90
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Lub tsev nyob sab nrauv # 43–44, kws kes duab vajtse Hugo Gorge
Voinovichgasse, 1 thiab 3
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Lub tsev nyob sab nrauv # 45–46, kws kes duab vajtse Jacques Groag
Voinovichgasse, 5 thiab 7
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Freestanding lub tsev No. 48, tus kws kes duab vajtse Hans Adolf Vetter
Voinovichgasse, 11
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Lub tsev nyob ib nrab ntawm tsev lub tsev nyob ib feem 49-52, cov kws tsim vaj tsev Adolf Loos, Heinrich Kulka
Voinovichgasse, 13,15,17 thiab 19
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Plaub lub tsev nyob ib nrab ntawm # 53-56, kws kes duab vajtse Gerrit Rietveld
Voinovichgasse, 14, 16, 18 thiab 20
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Semi-xab lub tsev # 67-68, kws kes duab vajtse Gabriel Gevrekyan
Voinovichgasse, 10 thiab 12
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
Thaiv lub tsev No. 69-70, tus kws kes duab vajtse Helmut Wagner-Frainsheim
Jagdschlossgasse 68 thiab 70
Cov duab kos duab thiab keeb kwm duab
saib ntawm no.
