Guipure Architecture

Pascal Pinet:

- Ciav Kwv^®, lossis UHPC (ultra siab ua haujlwm ua vaj tse), yog lub zog-ultra-high-lub zog dispersion-rov ua vaj tse nrog siab lub zog. Qhov muaj nqis tshaj plaws hauv Ductal^® rau cov kws kes duab vajtse - kev sib txuam ntawm cov qauv zoo nkauj thiab cov qauv zoo nkauj. Kev ua tiav tsis tas yuav tsum tau cov khoom siv no: nws txoj kev zoo nkauj sab nraud twb yog qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis pom. Cov ntsiab lus los ntawm Ductal^® tsim nyob rau ntawm lub hoobkas, qhov no tau lees tias qhov zoo ntawm kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim kho. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov qauv txheej txheem thiab tshem tawm cov kev txhawb nqa hauv Ductal^® fiber ntau yog siv. Nws tuaj yeem muaj peb hom: steel, polymer thiab iav-yas. Cov hlau fiber yog siv los tsim thiab ntxiv dag zog rau ntau yam qauv vaj tse.

Ciav Ceem^® tsim nyob rau hauv ob premixes: grey thiab dawb. Thaum peb thov lub premix dawb (piv txwv li hauv daim phiaj ntsej muag), kev siv cov khoom siv hlau hlau tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tsim ntawm xeb xeb rau saum npoo. Yog li no, cov khoom siv steel hlau fiber ntau siv rau cov ntsej muag dawb. Iav-yas siv fiber ntau hauv kev tsim vaj huam sib luag los ntawm kev txau mus rau cov qauv.

- Muaj ntau ntau hom fiber ntau-reinforced ua vaj tse nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam - dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Ductal^®?

- Cov nqe lus nug zoo. Fiber ntau pob zeb ua kev kawm tsis zoo li UHPC (Ultra High Performance Concrete). Cov hom pob zeb ua tau txawv. Cov qhob pob zeb ua ke yog sib txawv kiag li. Nws yog txhua yam hais txog kev ntim ntom ntom ntom ntom ntawm qhov loj, uas hauv Ductal^® siab heev, thiab nyob rau hauv cov qhob dog dig muaj qhov loj loj hws tawm. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, Ductal^® muaj dej zoo heev tsis kam, ua kom lub zog thiab zoo nkauj. Qhov siab tshaj plaws chav kawm ntawm cov qhob dav yog B80. Architectural Ductal^® muaj lub zog yam tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm B100, thiab Ductal^® rau kev tsim qauv vaj tse tau txog lub zog B150 thiab siab dua. Qhov no yog lub zog colossal, sib piv nrog cov hlau. Thaum lub sij hawm dhau los, cov chaw uas zoo li fiber ntau-ntxiv cov qhob poob lawv cov khoom thiab tsos, thiab Ductal^® qhov no tsis siv.

- Lub tsev Ductal siv tau ntev li cas?^®?

- Thawj lub tsev los ntawm Ductal^® tshwm sim hauv Madrid hauv 1990s. Cov khoom siv tau tsim lub sijhawm ntev dhau los, tab sis nws pib tau nquag siv tsuas yog 10 xyoo dhau los. Thaum cov khoom tau tsim, nws muaj qhov zoo kawg li qhov muaj zog hauv qhov chaw kuaj sim - txog li 500 MPa. Tam sim no nws yog 130-250 MPa, uas yog siab dua lub zog ntawm cov qhob cov rooj sib txig, uas yog, Ductal^® ntau cov khoom siv ruaj khov.

- Raws li kuv nkag siab, Ductal^® qhib kev nthuav dav tshiab rau cov kws kes duab vajtse. Cia peb tham txog cov tsev tshwj xeeb.

- Yog lawm qhov no yog qhov tseeb. Thiab peb peb tus kheej tsis paub tag nrho cov kev xaiv rau dab tsi los ntawm Ductal yuav zoo li.^®, yog li ntawd, xav txaus siab ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov kws kes duab vajtse. Tab sis dab tsi twb tau tsim tau yog cog lus. Nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kev nqis tes ua: Mucem - Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Civilizations hauv Marseille, Jean Bouin chaw ntau pob - Jean Bouin chaw ntau pob hauv Paris los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Rudy Richotti. Tam sim no tab tom tsim TGV chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau hauv Montpellier nrog prefabricated vov tsev cov ntsiab hauv dawb Ductal^®… Tsim los ntawm Jean Nouvel, tus pej thuam nrog Ductal façade ntsiab tseem tab tom tsa hauv Marseille^®… Ductal Tsev Los Los sai sai hauv New York^® tsim los ntawm Renzo Piano.

- Lub lace façade ntawm Mucem, Lub Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Civilizations hauv Marseille, yog qee yam tshwj xeeb. Kuv tsis tau pom dua cov pob zeb zoo li poj niam ris tsho hauv qab. Ntawd yog kom xav txog cov neeg ua ntej ntawm lub tsev ntawm Andrey Burov ntawm Tverskaya Art Deco style … Yuav ua li cas txoj hlua khau los ntawm Ductal raug teeb tsa^®?

- Daim phiaj ntsej muag nrog cov "thread" tuab ntawm 10 cm muaj 6 x 3 m vaj huam sib luag. Lawv tsis tsuas yog cov khoom zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj tsim nqi. Lub vaj huam sib luag tso rau ntawm lub hauv paus slab thiab lub vaj huam sib luag thib ob yog so ntawm thawj. Muaj qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lawv thiab sab hauv façade ua los ntawm kem (tseem los ntawm UHPC). Thiab nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, ob txoj kev taug hauv kev ua los ntawm peb cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm cov hlua txoj hlua khi. Yog li Ductal^® ntawm Mucem muab ob qho kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab muaj kev daws teeb meem.

Cov façade panels thiab lawv cov fittings qib siab saum toj kawg nkaus tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub hoobkas. Hauv kev sib dhos ntawm tus qauv, txhua yam yog kev kho tshuab, sai thiab yooj yim. Muaj plaub hom Ductal panels siv rau ntawm qhov chaw^®… Raws li txoj haujlwm, txhua lub vaj huam sib luag tau tig 180 degrees ntsug thiab kab rov tav, yog li peb tau 16 qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv. Kev tsim qauv ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag tau tsim los ntawm Rudy Richotti, thiab cov kev xaiv rau lawv koom nrog raug xaiv los ntawm tus tsim qauv kom lub npoo ntawm ib tus qauv ua ke nrog cov npoo ntawm lwm qhov hauv kev dav. Nws tig mus ua hom kev kawm tsim engineering thiab kos duab ua si.

Tus tsim qauv tib yam pab kos cov qauv thiab txuas cov ntsiab lus rau cov chaw ntau pob Jean Bouin. Yog tias Mucem raug tsim los ua cov khoom tshiab, qhov twg Ductal^® yog Ameslikas tso nyob rau hauv peb tes num nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib qho kev daws teeb meem architectural thiab engineering, tom qab ntawd nws txawv nrog lub chaw ntau pob. Txoj sia hlau daim txaij^® nyob rau ntawm chaw ua si Jean Bouin zoo li yog ib qho tshiab zoo nkauj ntawm lub tsev qub. Qhov chaw ntau pob no, ua xyoo 2012, tau npog nrog cov pob txha hlau, thiab lub khauj khaum pom tom qab.

Peb siv cov ntawv nyias nyias 3-5 centimeters tuab thiab 9 meters ntev nrog cov iav ntxig: peb hom vaj huam sib luag rau lub ru tsev thiab ob qho rau lub faadeade. Cov kev sib txuas ntawm qhov chaw tau xav tawm nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev zoo li no kom ntseeg tau tias qhov dej ntawm qhov dej tawm ntawm lub ru tsev. Peb tsis tas yuav tso dej tawm ntawm ib sab, peb tau ua cov kab ntau dua thiab yooj yim dua. Tus qauv zoo li cov ceg ntoo. Thov nco tseg: lub chaw ncaws pob nto moo ntawm xyoo 1970, Parc des Princes chaw ntau pob, yog nyob ze. Nyob rau hauv ib lub sijhawm, nws tau tsim nyog los tiv thaiv qhov sawv ntawm cov dej nag thiab qhov tseeb ua lub tsev ntawm lub tsev, uas yog ob qho tib si nyuaj thiab siv sijhawm, thiab lub ru tsev tseem xav tau txij nkawm tom qab. Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv dej ntxiv yog tsim nyog rau UHPC cov vov tsev: tsis muaj txhuas caws pliav, bituminous txheej los yog lwm yam kev daws teeb meem.

Kev txhim kho ntawm Ductal thov ntsiab^® rau cov laj thawj pej xeem cov khoom tsim, chaw nres tsheb ntawm Monpellier tuaj yeem txiav txim siab. Lub ru tsev ntawm Montpellier TGV qhov chaw nres tsheb yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke 18 m ntev thiab tsuas yog 4 cm tuab (tsuas yog tus stiffener ncav cuag 30 cm). Qhov no sib tw Ductal dome^® yog ob qho tib si qauv tsim thiab kev ua kom zoo nkauj. Yog hais tias lub rooj tog vaj tsev ntawm lub chaw ua si Jean Bouin tau ua raws li trusses, ces lub ru tsev ntawm Montpellier chaw nres tsheb yog tus kheej txhawb nqa. Thiab cov khoom ua kom zoo nkauj hauv qhov dome ntawm lub ru tsev yog ntim nrog iav, uas tau puab rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm lub hoobkas. Cov ntsiab lus no siv cov dawb premix thiab stainless hlau fiber. Yog li, UHPC vov tsev cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem txhawb nqa tus kheej. Vim tias nws qhov kev tawm tsam mus rau ntau yam xov xwm, Ductal^® tuaj yeem siv ua cov khoom vov tsev, nws tsis tas yuav muaj kev tiv thaiv ntxiv.

- Los tsim kom muaj vaj tsev zoo ntawm lub tsev Ductal^® yam tsis paub. Lwm qhov ua tau Ductal tuaj yeem ua^®?

- Kuv xav qhia rau koj txog lub tsev ntawm Louis Vuitton Foundation hauv Paris - Louis Vuitton Foundation los ntawm kws kes duab vajtse Frank Gehry. Txhua cov phab ntsa sab nrauv ntawm lub hauv paus yog tsim cov vaj tse dawb cov vaj tse nrog cov duab tshwj xeeb. Thaum nws los rau lawv ntau lawm, peb tau siv qhov tshwj xeeb 3D lub tshuab nqus tsev formwork, thev naus laus zis ntawm cov ntawv tau txais patented. Qhov kev zov me nyuam teeb tsa qhov radii thiab daim ntawv ntawm formwork, geometry, tom qab tus formwork tau puv nrog Ductal^®… Qhov no yog yuav ua li cas cov duab tshwj xeeb nkhaus duab ntawm cov khoom tiav tiav tau muab. Cov phab ntsa dawb hloov tau lub pob nto moo iav ntawm Louis Vuitton lub hauv paus.

- Ciav Kwv^® tsuas yog tsim rau cov khoom ntiag tug?

"Muaj ntau tus neeg nyob hauv Fabkis thiab Europe tau hais tias," Zoo, koj cov khoom tsim tshiab yog qhov haum rau tsev cia puav pheej thiab ua yeeb yaj kiab. " Tab sis qhov no yog tsis muaj tseeb kiag li. Piv txwv li, Jean Nouvel tus pej thuam hauv Marseille - Jean Nouvel Marseillaise ntauwd - chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab muag vaj tsev. Ciav Ceem^® haum tsis yog rau "aristocratic vaj tse", tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua cov khoom ywj pheej. Peb muaj cov vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov qauv uas zoo tib yam thiab tuab (15 hli), haum rau cov qauv tsim.

- Qhia peb ntxiv txog Jean Tower Nouvel Tower. Qhov no yog siv thawj zaug ntawm Ductal^® hauv kev ua haujlwm siab?

- Qhov siab ntawm lub tsev yog li 140 meters. Rau Fabkis, qhov no yog skyscraper. Lub tsev xav tau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm nag, cua thiab hnub. Qhov ntau yam façade ntsiab ntawm no skyscraper yog ua los ntawm Ductal^®, kev siv ntawm uas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub hnub thiab noo noo. Jean Nouvel tsim cov façade los ua ntau yam, thiab txawm hais tias Ductal^® tuaj yeem pleev xim rau hauv qhov loj, qhov no, rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse cov phiaj xwm, tsuas yog thaj chaw ua xim pleev xim. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub faadeade yog heev heev thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj ntau yam. Nws yog qhov nyuaj ntseeg tias lawv tau muab pov rau hauv pob zeb ua.

- Ib qho yooj yim npaum li cas rau mount hais los ntawm Ductal^®? Qhov kev tsim nyog ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm puas tseem ceeb thaum txhim kho lawv? Ntawm Lavxias kev tsim kho thaj chaw, nws yog feem ntau tsis siab heev.

- Auj, cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob Fabkis zoo ib yam. Txhawm rau kom txo qis yam ntawm tib neeg yam nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, peb tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm high-precision formwork. Thaum lub sijhawm ua cov pob zeb ua pob zeb ua haujlwm ntawm lub hoobkas, txhua tus khawm hluav taws xob pwm rau hauv cov khoom siv nrog qhov siab, uas tshem tawm qhov tsis raug. Peb siv sijhawm ntau thiab nyiaj txiag ntau dua ntawm cov hlau pwm, tab sis peb tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo kawg thaum kev teeb tsa.

Piv txwv li, cov qib kawm menyuam yaus nyob Paris - La crèche Pierre Budin. Txhua daim phiaj vaj kem tsev yog tsim los ntawm Ductal^®… Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus tsis xws leej twg, thaum lawv ua tau haum siab, raws li lawv tau ua hauv lub Hoobkas. Vaj huam sib luag sib txuas yog xyaum tsis pom. Txhua lub sijhawm tau kos cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, suav nrog cov ntim roj hmab thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev. Qhov no tseem ceeb nrawm rau txoj kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, Kuv pom tias kev tsim kho ua haujlwm hauv Lavxias yog nqa tawm hauv theem siab.

- Qhia peb txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm Ductal^®: nws puas tsim nyog siv nws rau txhua ntu ntawm cov qauv, lossis koj tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj nws nyob qee qhov chaw?

- Choj ntawm cov koom pheej hauv Montpellier - Monpellier Republic tus choj, ua kom pom cov yam ntxwv ntawm Ductal^®: choj T-kab teeb nrog qhov ntev 23 meters yog ua los ntawm nws. Kev txhawb nqa choj yog tseem tsim los ntawm UHPC. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus choj pob zeb pob zeb yog ua los ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke, vim tias tsis muaj kev xav tau los ua txhua lub ntsiab ntawm peb cov ultra-high-lub zog-dispersion-ua vaj tse. Ciav Ceem^® nws ua rau kev nkag siab siv tsuas yog qhov nws muab qhov zoo.

Sib piv cov nqi ntawm Ductal^® nrog cov pob zeb ua ke, nws tseem kim dua, tab sis koj xav tau cov khoom siv tsib zaug tsawg dua los txhawm rau ua cov txheej txheem muaj zog. Vim yog siv cov khoom ua Hoobkas tsim, kev teeb tsa yog li tsib zaug dua. Qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim kho yog ntau dua. Txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim kho nrog Ductal^® pom tseeb.