Shukhov yog lub npe nrov tshaj plaws Lavxias engineer, qhov no yog peb tus Lavxias Gustave Eiffel, tus uas paub thoob ntiaj teb. Hauv nws qhov kev tsim tawm, Shukhov pom nws tus kheej ntawm txoj kev tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev nkag siab cov vaj tse - zoo li thaj tsam "plhaub". Cov qauv ntoo hauv lawv yog tus qauv nws tus kheej. Shukhov yog kev hlub los ntawm cov kws ua vaj tsev, tej zaum vim tias nws txoj kev koom tes hauv kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis tau lees paub qhov tshiab ntawm kev ywj pheej hauv kev tuav qhov chaw thiab daim ntawv. Muaj tseeb, thib ob no, "txoj haujlwm thav ntawv" lub tswv yim ntawm nws cov cuab yeej cuab tam tau pom tsuas yog nyob hauv lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm xyoo pua 20. Thaum lub caij nyoog txaus siab rau nws cov nqi utilitarian rau ntau dua. Lub teeb yuag tsim qauv tau yooj yim heev rau nruab, tsis kim nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov khoom thiab muaj peev xwm npog thaj chaw loj hauv thaj chaw.
Shukhov cov kev tawm tshiab yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lawv lub sijhawm, cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam sai sai thiab lub tshuab kev xav tau hais tias ua raws nws. Nws nyob ntawm lub hauv paus no uas Shukhov cov peev xwm zoo heev matured thiab tuaj hauv ke. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj hauv kev ntawm kws ua choj los ntawm cov khoom siv roj ua haujlwm rau cov roj rau cov roj mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb nqaj hlau ua cim qhia txog qhov kev hloov pauv, lossis raws li cov kws sau ntawv tau sau tseg (Elena Vlasova, Mark Hakobyan), "emancipation" ntawm cov qauv uas tau ua Ua qhov tseeb tiag dhau los ntawm qhov tig ntawm lub xyoo pua. Cov kab ke ua tau sib dua thiab muaj ntau dua qhov zoo nkauj, thiab ntawm Nizhny Novgorod ncaj ncees xyoo 1896 lawv thawj zaug tau tshwm sim los ua cov plooj plhaw "ntawm lub tsev".
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zooming 1/11 Qhia Txog “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 2/11 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 3/11 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 4/11 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 5/11 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 6/11 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 7/11 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 8/11 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 9/11 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 10/11 Tso Saib Xyuas “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 11/11 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
Dab tsi tau ua ntawm qhov ncaj ncees los ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm hauv engineering A. V. Bari, rau leej twg Shukhov ua haujlwm kom txog thaum lub sijhawm kev lag luam ntawm lub tuam txhab xyoo 1919, ua rau nws xav tsis thoob nws lub sijhawm. Tej zaum nws yog ib yam zoo li Paxton Crystal Palace hauv London Hyde Park, ua los ntawm cov cam khwb cia hlau thiab iav ib nrab xyoo dhau los. Zoo ib yam li cov tsev pheeb suab ntaub, Oval Pavilion thiab Rotunda ua kom pom lub peev xwm ntawm dai cov hlau mesh thaiv kom npog dhau 1,000 m2… Ua ke los ntawm cov pas nrig ncaj, cov plhaub no ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev nruj.
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zooming 1/8 V. G. Shukhov. Cov kab noj hniav ntawm ob npaug nkhaus nyob hauv qab nthab ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm Vyksa Metallurgical Cog. 1897. Qauv O. V. Bernova, 1989, NII Promstalkonstruktsiya, tus qauv rhiav. GNIMA // Exhibition “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 2/8 V. G. Shukhov. Cov kab noj hniav ntawm ob npaug nkhaus nyob hauv qab nthab ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm Vyksa Metallurgical Cog. 1897. Qauv O. V. Bernova, 1989, NII Promstalkonstruktsiya, tus qauv rhiav. GNIMA // Exhibition “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 3/8 Kev nthuav qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 4/8 Cov Ntawv Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 5/8 Kev nthuav qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 6/8 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 7/8 Kev nthuav qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 8/8 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm kev ncaj ncees yog dej ntauwd - hyperboloid. Tus qauv tsim los ntawm Shukhov, tus qauv ntawm nws kev xam thiab kev teeb tsa ua lub hyperboloid ib qho kev qhia ua haujlwm rau ntau yam haujlwm. Yuav luag zoo li hauv phau ntawv ntawm Rem Koolhaas "S, M, L, XL", nws tsuas yog tsim nyog rau txhua rooj plaub tshwj xeeb los xaiv cov cai tsis raug ntawm cov qauv. Qhov siab thiab taub ntawm lub hauv paus, tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom ntsug thiab lawv lub kaum sab xis ntawm tsis sib xws tau txawv. Los ntawm kev ua, piv txwv li, ib lub qauv nrog ntau cov lus nqaim dua, nws muaj peev xwm los muab qhov chaw nyob kom ruaj khov, tab sis tib lub sijhawm muaj peev xwm qis dua, thiab rov ua dua. Yog li ntawd, Shukhov ua rau ntau cov hyperboloids zoo li no. Lub npe nrov tshaj plaws yog lub pej thuam nyob rau Shabolovka, qhov siab tshaj plaws yog lub lighthouse hauv Dnieper estuary, 70 m siab.
Cov chav tsev uas txhua qhov Shukhov yees sau ua ke hauv lub pantheon yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab yog qhov chaw nruab nrab: hauv nruab nrab muaj qhov qauv piv txwv ntawm Shabolov TV pej thuam, ib puag ncig uas yog nws cov viv ncaus thiab cov kwv tij los ntawm ntau thaj tsam ntawm Russia. Cov Cuab Yeej Nruab Nrab ua lub tsev teeb tsa ua qauv dawb rau lub tsev tshwj xeeb no, uas muab nws ua tej yam tseem ceeb: qhov no yog tus sawv cev tseem ceeb ntawm Shukhov cov qub txeeg qub teg, uas feem ntau cov neeg tseem paub meej ua tus tsim ntawm tus pej thuam.
Ua tsaug rau "Architects Ass", peb, txawm li cas los xij, pib ntawm thawj chav tsev, uas tau ntsib peb nrog kev sim ua lub cev ua qauv qhia "xwm" ntawm lub plhaub plhaub, tsis txhob hnov qab rau ib pliag uas peb tab tom nrhiav tsis yog ntawm Shukhov tus kws ua choj, tab sis kuj Shukhov -architect. Ua raws li keeb kwm kev sib txawv ntawm cov xwm txheej hauv nws lub neej, sawv cev los ntawm kev sau ntau ntawm cov khoom siv archival, peb xaus rau hauv chav kawg - ntsej muag nrog ntsej muag nrog architecture. Nws nyob ntawm no tias qhov piv txwv ncaj qha ntawm kev tsim cov txuj ci tsim tawm: qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm no yog nyob ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab yees duab ntawm Asmeskas tus kws tsim txuj ci tshiab Konrad Waxmann, uas nws cov phiaj xwm dav dav dhau los ua ib qho khoom ntawm kos duab.
Nws siv sijhawm ib nrab xyoo los txhais Shukhov cov kev tsim tawm rau hauv lub dav hlau tsim kho vaj tse thiab tshuaj xyuas lawv qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nthuav dav txuj ci kev tsim kho vaj tsev. Hauv lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tom qab kev ua tsov rog, thaum nws tau tsim nyog "ua ntau dua nrog tsawg dua", lub tsev tshiab ntawm "lub plhaub tev" hloov qhov fa facade tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kev taw qhia. Nws muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm "kiv cua" los ntawm cov ntiaj teb "hnub qub" - los ntawm Fry Otto mus rau Norman Foster. Nyob rau xyoo 1964, nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm University of Stuttgart, lub koom haum rau Lub Teeb Txheej Txheem Lub Tsev Nruab Nrab tau tsim, uas los txog rau hnub no - thiab niaj hnub no nws tau coj los ntawm cov xibfwb Werner Sobek - tsim lub ntsiab lus nrog kev teeb tsa kev tsim los ntawm Shukhov.
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zooming 1/8 Tus qauv ntawm lub ru tsev qauv hauv Hamburgcity Überseequartier. Hamburg, 2013-2021. Yas. 2019 Werner Sobek Stuttgart // Exhibition “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 2/8 Tus qauv ntawm lub ru tsev qauv hauv Hamburgcity Überseequartier. Hamburg, 2013-2021. Yas. 2019 Werner Sobek Stuttgart // Exhibition “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 3/8 Tus Qauv ntawm lub ru tsev qauv hauv Hamburgcity Überseequartier. Hamburg, 2013-2021. Yas. 2019 Werner Sobek Stuttgart // Exhibition “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 4/8 Tus Qauv ntawm lub tsev ziab hauv Millennium Park, Chicago. 2003. Werner Sobek, Stuttgart. Lub koom haum ntawm Txoj Haujlwm Sib Hawm Sib Taus Me thiab Kev Tsim Qauv Txheej Txheem 2019 // Exhibition “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture .2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 5/8 Tus qauv ntawm cov kab npog ua ke ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Lub Tsev Sib Koom. 1993/1995, archive ntawm lub koom haum // Exhibition "Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture ". 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 6/8 Tus qauv ntawm cov kab npog ua ke ntawm lub tsev ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Lub Tsev Sib Koom 1993/1995, archive ntawm lub koom haum // Exhibition "Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture ". 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 7/8 Kev nthuav qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
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zooming 8/8 Cov Khoom Qhia “Shukhov. Cov qauv ntawm architecture . 2019, Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Architecture, Moscow Yees duab: Y. Tarabarina, Archi.ru
Qhov nthuav ntau tshaj plaws yog tias lub ncauj lus ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus tseem yog qhov tshiab thiab txawm tias futuristic, nws lub peev xwm yog deb ntawm sab sab. Xyoo 1965-83. lub ingminious Buckminster Fuller tau xaj nws lub geodesic climatron domes, uas zoo li lub zog hluav taws xob rau vaj tse rau neeg txawv teb chaws. Tab sis los txog rau hnub no lawv tseem nyob hauv "kev npau suav zoo." Cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub qhib txoj hauv kev rau kev thinning ntxiv, digitalization ntawm phab ntsa, mus txog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshaj tawm "screen". Txoj hauv kev no tau qhia 100 xyoo dhau los los ntawm Shukhov ci ntsa iab, txoj kev ntawm txoj kev tshiab kiag li ntawm qhov hais tawm ntawm qhov chaw hais. Saib ua si ntawm Tsev khaws puav pheej. A. V. Shchusev nthuav tawm ib qho pom tsis pom tus choj uas pib ntawm qhov tig ntawm 19th-20th xyoo pua hauv qhov kev cuam tshuam ua ntej kev tawm tsam, zoo qhia los ntawm cov duab thaij duab ntawm Shukhov nws tus kheej, thiab xaus rau qhov chaw yav tom ntej.
