Xyoo no lub jubilee "Zodchestvo" zoo li muaj tsawg dua li yav dhau los - nws tau loj hlob ntau, cov rooj muag khoom thiab cov duab tau loj dua, txoj kev hauv nruab nrab ntawm lawv dav dua, cov "lag luam" lom zem rau cov neeg tuaj saib yog tusyees faib thoob plaws Manege qhov chaw. Muaj cov ntaub pua plag liab nyob hauv qab ntawm koj txhais taw, thiab cov zais pa soar saum toj no - txhua tus muaj ntu ntu sau npe rau nws kom tus neeg tuaj ncig tau ploj tau, tsa nws lub taub hau, qhia nws tus kheej hauv qhov zoo ntawm txhua lub Lav Xias.
Ncaj qha ntawm lub qhov rooj, muaj ob lub rooj nthuav txuj txawv teb chaws - ib qho tshwjxeeb rau Italian Daedalus + Minos nqi zog, ib qhov khoom plig zoo ibyam uas tau muab rau kev sib koom tes ntawm tus neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tus kws kes duab vajtse. Nws tau muab zais rau sab laug tom qab lub rooj sawv ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm Union Architects ntawm Russia, nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej uas peb Daedalus Lavxias yog tau hais khov kho tso tawm, uas yog tsis muaj Minos, tab sis siv lead ua. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias ob qho khoom plig nrog xws li cov npe sib tshooj tau tsim tsa yuav luag tib lub sijhawm - thaum 2000s. Cov hauv paus tsim ntawm Lavxias "Daedalus" - cov khoom plig tseem ceeb ntawm "Zodchestvo" kev ua koob tsheej, thov tias lub sijhawm ntawd lawv tsis paub txog lawv cov kws lij choj Italian - yog li ob qho khoom plig no tej zaum yog los ntawm "kev sib tw" xav ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib Cov. Yeej muaj tseeb, qhov khoom plig Italian yog qhov thoob ntiaj teb, thiab cov tsev muaj npe "hnub qub" feem ntau ua nws cov khaub ncaws.
Ntawm "Italian Daedalus", nyob rau hauv qhov chaw tsaus tsaus hauv lub sam thiaj, niaj hnub architecture ntawm Suav teb tau nthuav qhia - cov chaw me me nrog cov lus hieroglyphic qhia cov tuam tsev ua nyob rau theem muaj zog thoob ntiaj teb, ntawm cov uas muaj ntau lub tuam tsev ua tau zoo thiab ntau daim duab zam kev ua qauv, tab sis yuav luag tsis muaj xim muaj peev xwm siv tau, tsis yog "sab hnub tuaj", tsis muaj lwm yam. Nws yog qhov yooj yim pom tias Suav architecture nyob rau hauv assimilating Western cov qauv tau ploj mus ntau dua li Lavxias ib qho kev qhia hauv qab no, tag nrho ntawm cov kev sim hloov pauv. Muaj tseeb, hauv lub ces kaum tsaus, Suav yuav luag pom thiab nws yooj yim dhau los hla dhau.
Nyob rau sab nraud ntawm txoj kev nkag, qhib lub rooj sawv ntawm cov cheeb tsam, muaj qhov kev mob siab rau kev nthuav dav ntawm St. Petersburg, uas nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no tau txais lub yeeb koob dubious ntawm lub peev ntawm kev tsis sib xws architectural kev sib tw thiab tawm tsam txawv teb chaws "hnub qub". Lub nroog qhia txog ntau yam ntawm nws cov dej num loj - cov theem tshiab ntawm Marinka thiab txoj haujlwm tsim kho ntawm New Holland, Pulkovo tshav dav hlau thiab lwm tus - nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem ntawm daim duab qhia hardu daim ntawv qhia. Cov ntaub pua plag muag muag rau hauv av qhia txog daim duab qhia ntawm Gulf of Finland - txhua yam yog qhov ntse heev, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - qhov kev sawv no eclipses tag nrho lwm qhov "thaj chaw" kev nthuav dav, suav nrog kev nthuav tawm ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow, uas tau nyob hauv xyoo dhau los., nrog ib daim ntawv qhia loj pom kev los ntawm sab hauv - tom kawg tau rov qab yooj yim dua lub sijhawm no …
Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw Manege tau hla los ntawm kev nthuav qhia "Tshiab Moscow", npaj los ntawm CSA hauv kev hwm rau qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov lus Askiv-cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm cov catalog ntawm cov architecture niaj hnub. Lub rooj sib tham muaj yim daim kab xev kab-wagons, tus poj koob yawm txwv nyob deb ntawm uas, tej zaum, yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab txoj kev tshaj tawm. Cov duab ntawm phau ntawv tsim vaj tsev thiab cov phiaj xwm txij li xyoo 1917 los txog rau tam sim no tau sau rau saum npoo ntawm cov tsheb, thiab lub qhov rau cov saib yog txiav hauv cov ntaub, txuas ntxiv mus sib tham nrog cov kws tsim vaj tsev nto moo ntawm Moscow niaj hnub thiab cov vis dis aus nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm Lavxias modernism. Tag nrho cov kev sib koom ua ke mus rau hauv inarticulate muttering, tab sis yog tias koj mus kom ze rau ntawm ib qho ntawm cov saib, koj tuaj yeem mloog qhov uas tau hais nyob rau ntawd.
Kev nthuav qhia CSA (tsim los ntawm Yevgeny Korneev) dhau los ua ib qhov kev ua tiav zoo nyob nruab nrab ntawm Zodchestvo thiab cia me ntsis so hauv lub siab thiab lub cev los ntawm "shapkozidatelstvt" ntawm lub cheeb tsam sawv, tib lub sijhawm kos lub hauv paus pib ntawm txoj haujlwm thawm vajtse ntawm tso saib nws tus kheej. Nws ua tiav ua ntej qhov kev sib tw - sawv ntawm cov tuam tsev thiab cov phiaj xwm thov "Crystal Daedalus" thiab lwm yam khoom plig.
Xyoo no tau muaj kev hloov pauv yooj yim ntawm cov vaj tsev. Yog hais tias xyoo tas los lub npe zoo Moscow cov kws kes duab vajtse yuav luag tsis quav ntsej txog kev sib tw ntawm Zodchestvo, yog li ntawd dhau li ntawm cov neeg rov qab, pawg neeg nrhiav haujlwm tsis pom muaj lwm qhov tsim nyog thov rau Daedalus, lub sijhawm no qhov xwm txheej tau hloov pauv. Muaj ntau lub npe nto moo thiab lub tsev paub ntawm cov ntawv thov. Ob lub tsev ntawm Alexey Bavykin - lub tsev nrog poplars hauv Bryusov Lane, uas tau mus ncig txhua phau ntawv xov xwm tshaj lij, thiab cov VDNKh sib npaug zos ntawm Selskokhozyaistvennaya, lub suab tshiab hauv nroog npaj qhia ntawm Moscow Prospekt Mira. Ob lub tsev ntawm Sergei Kiselev, uas tau sau yuav luag cov xov tooj ntawm cov khoom plig sib txawv nyob rau xyoo dhau los: muaj yeeb yuj Avangard ntauwd thiab multifaceted stylish Hermitage Plaza. Ntawm no yog cov iav zoo nkauj "ntswg" ntawm Andrei Vorontsov cov tsev, cov neeg ua ke loj heev ntawm Andrei Bokov rooj cob qhia, kev coj tus thiab zoo nkauj cib-thiab-iav tsev "Stella maris" los ntawm Evgeny Gerasimov ntawm Krestovsky Island. Tom qab lub sijhawm so ntev, "Zodchestvo" tau raug qhuas los ntawm lub ntsiab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws classicist ntawm Moscow, Mikhail Filippov, los ntawm kev nthuav tawm "Lub Tsev Roman", kuj tau piav qhia hauv txhua qhov zoo ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm kev kos duab. Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, txawm hais tias tsis yog txhua txhua, tab sis ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam nco txog lub koob tsheej thiab hwm nws nrog lawv koom tes - uas yuav tsum tau lees paub tias yog qhov kev vam meej tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg npaj khoom. Txawm tias Aleksandr Skokan, uas tsis koom nrog kev sib tw, pom tias nws yuav tsum tau npaj nws tus kheej sawv hauv ntu "Cov Rooj Sib Tham".
Ntxiv rau cov neeg muaj npe nrov, nws yog qhov zoo nkauj tuaj pom qhov me me tab sis nthuav tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua yeeb yam - piv txwv li, lub suab xav tsis thoob thiab "Western" chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Olga Dobrotina sawv hauv nruab nrab ntawm ib thaj teb nyob sab nraum zoov ntawm Nizhny Novgorod, lossis txhob txwm xim zoo nkauj thiab tus kws txawj txua dua (tej zaum txawm tias me ntsis ntau dhau) "Pskov Lub Tsev".
Tab sis "Zodchestvo" yuav tsis yog "Zodchestvo" yog hais tias lub hnub qub "lub tuam txhab" tsis tau yaj nrog ntau lwm yam architectures. Lub sijhawm no lawv tau txiav txim siab los qhia peb, piv txwv li, lub tsev qiv ntawv thawv ntawm Moscow State University - xov xwm los ntawm yuav luag ob xyoos dhau los. Lub rooj nthuav dav yog qhov dav dav nrog qhov nruab nrab thaj chaw nyob, los ntawm cov kab ntawm, uas rau qee qhov, qee hom ntoo da dej thiab txawm tias lub tsev me, tau nrawm poob qhov ntsuas ntawm kev nthuav dav.
Ob qho tag nrho cov kev faib tawm uas nws yog lub sijhawm siab los tsim dua lwm qhov kev xaiv tsa yog lub tuam tsev cov tuam tsev Lub architecture ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tuam tsev, alas, tseem lees tias tsuas yog "lub pob zeb kub", tej zaum, lawv cov kws sau ntawv tau ntseeg siab tias ua raws li kev coj noj coj ua cuam tshuam rau lawv ntawm qhov kev xav tau los qhia kev ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj. Txawm hais tias nyob hauv cov pab pawg no ntau dua lossis tsis tshua pom tshwm sim ib lub sijhawm - piv txwv li, lub Koom Txoos ntawm Elizabeth hauv Khabarovsk - kev mob siab thiab sau ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm 16 thiab 17 xyoo; qhov eclecticism ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 yog, ntawm chav kawm, tseem tshuav txoj haujlwm ntev, tab sis qee yam ntawm kev kwv yees tau tiav.
Kev tsim kho science yog ib qho kev xav tshiab ntawm kev nthuav tawm. Kuv yuav tsum tau hais tias lawv koom nrog Zodchestvo txhua lub sijhawm, tab sis tsuas yog xyoo tas los ib ntawm cov haujlwm txum tim rov qab yeej qhov khoom plig tseem ceeb. Tshoov siab, cov neeg tsim khoom nqa tuaj rau ntau qhov dej num ntawm "thawj" qhov loj, thiab qhov no kuj siv rau qib theem ntawm monuments thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev kho kom rov zoo. Ntawm cov kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb tau nthuav tawm: cov nyuam qhuav nyuam qhuav lom hauv cov xov xwm "Pashkov Lub Tsev", thiab Cathedral ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm Moat (zoo dua lub npe hu ua Cathedral ntawm St. Basil lub Koob Hmoov), thiab ntawm cov haujlwm - ib qho, tab sis nthuav heev, yog tias tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, tsis pom zoo - kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev tsim kho tshiab ntawm Faceted chav tsev ntawm Novgorod Kremlin,lub tsuas monument Gothic monument nyob hauv keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias architecture.
Ntu ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem yog txawv ntawm cov tsev nyob hauv ntau txoj hauv kev uas yav tom ntej txawv ntawm yav dhau los. Yav dhau los yog paub zoo, hloov (lub sijhawm no) nrog cov npe nrov, nrog nws txhua yam muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua. Tej yaam num qhia hauv Zodchestvo thaj tau npaj tseg los qhia dab tsi tos peb hauv yav tom ntej. Yog tias qhov kev xav no ua kom raug, tom qab yav dhau los peb muaj cov tuam tsev, thiab yav tom ntej - kev npaj hauv nroog loj. Cov phiaj xwm ntawm nruab nrab ntawm Moscow yog hloov kho, ntxiv rau ntawm Obninsk, Gelendzhik, Nizhny Novgorod Gorodets thiab qee qhov chaw.
Cov kev tsim ntawm ib lub tsev nyias muaj nyias qhov txawv txav raws li lawv cov variegation thiab qhov dav, lawv qee zaum tawg, tom qab ntawd khoov, tom qab ntawd, ntxiv, kis tau thoob ib ntu. Muab piv rau "cov tuam tsev" thiab "cov luag haujlwm" koj nkag siab tias nyob rau yav tom ntej cov kws kes duab vajtse thiab cov ua vaj ua tsev yuav txhim kho kom loj zuj zus dua li yav dhau los - muaj qhov ua kom pom tseeb, txawm tias raug kev xav ntau. Nikita Yavein, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thov kom txhim tsa Ladozhsky cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau xwm txheej uas muaj tsib tus yees txog 30 theem siab, nws thov tias lawv yuav tsis ua rau qhov khoob ntawm lub nroog, txij li lawv tus kheej silhouettes nqaim upwards. Mikhail Khazanov npaj yuav tsim lwm lub tsev, peb zaug siab dua thawj zaug, ntxiv rau nws tus kheej lub tsev ntawm Administrative thiab Public Center ntawm cheeb tsam Moscow. Thiab nyob rau hauv Kremlin ntawm Nizhny Novgorod, ntawm cov vaj tsev qub tsim, tau thov kom txhawm rau lub tshav puam loj loj nrog cov kab ntawv - lub tsev ntawm tsoomfwv hauv cheeb tsam. Ntawm cov haujlwm ntawm cov vaj tse, txawm li cas los xij, qee zaum me me thiab muaj kuab heev kuj tuaj thoob plaws. Ob peb ntawm zwm rau A. Ginzburg lub rooj sib tham, ob peb rau A'Len's Rhiav los ntawm St. Petersburg.
Lub suab lus kawg ntawm "Architecture", tso lub sijhawm no thaum kawg ntawm lub cuab ze ze rau theem, yog kev nthuav qhia ntawm menyuam cov phiaj xwm, uas los ntawm xyoo rau xyoo "rub tawm" yav dhau los nthuav ntawm lub koob tsheej. Cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov menyuam yaus tsis muaj kev ua phem, yog tias tsis zoo dua li "cov neeg laus", thiab cov neeg kawm ntawv qib siab ntawm lub tswv yim kos duab tau qhia nyob rau hauv lawv los ntawm qee lub sijhawm qhia qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm "nthuav tawm" ntawm cov haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij, cov menyuam cov phiaj xwm yog. nyob rau hauv cov chaw ntau dua keeb kwm, thiab lawv lub tswv yim ntau nyuab … Hauv cov lus hais, cov menyuam yaus kev tsim tswv yim dua nyob rau saum toj - ob qho tib si piv thiab cov lus sau cia - cov qauv tau tso rau ntawm cov chaw vov av npog nrog daim ntaub liab, nce ntawm qhov nruab nrab sab hauv mus rau phab ntsa ntawm Manege.
Xyoo no lub rooj nthuav dav yeej yog qhov muaj kev vam meej zoo dua li qhov ua tau dhau los - qhov chaw tau meej dua thiab kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg muaj koob npe muaj nqis heev. Yog lawm, Zodchestvo yuav zaum tsis tau tshem ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv thiab kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm nws cov khoom, uas nrhiav kom tau npog txhua yam ntawm peb cov tebchaws sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua-Lavxias kos duab kos duab ua yeeb yam qhia txog cov txheej txheem coj ua hauv lub tebchaws: lub sijhawm no tus thawj coj tsis meej pem yog Sochi thiab cov chaw so ntawm thaj chaw Krasnodar thaj chaw zoo li nws - lawv "pom" txhua qhov chaw - pib los ntawm thaj chaw nce nyob rau yav qab teb. thaj av, thiab xaus nrog cov phiaj xwm muaj kev sib tw, ntawm cov uas, muaj ntau yam dhau los ua kev mob siab rau sab qab teb ntawm keeb kwm tsis tu ncua - ib qho yuav tsum npaj rau kev nqis peev hauv Olympic.
