Nyob Zoo Grigory Isakovich!
Kuv tau txhob txwm tig rau "Echo ntawm Moscow" thaum lub sijhawm thaum Vitaly Dymarsky pib sib tham nrog koj thiab tau mloog nws nrog kev zoo siab. Raws li ib txwm, koj cov kev xav tau muaj txiaj ntsig thiab - Kuv tsis muaj kev poob siab - nyiam cov mloog ntawm lub xov tooj cua. Tab sis txij thaum lub sijhawm nyob rau hauv nqe lus nug Kuv tiag tiag nco ntsoov, Kuv xav coj mus rau koj mloog ib tug txawv version ntawm qee qhov xwm txheej nrog nrog Khrushchev lub architectural "perestroika". Nov yog nws txhais.
Stalin tsis muaj dab tsi kiag li ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Qhov kev tso cai npaj All-Union Lub Rooj Sab Laj ntawm Cov Tsim Vaj Tse tau muab rau tus neeg muaj feem xyuam nrog Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Nruab Nrab los ntawm Khrushchev. Thiab lub installation rau industrialization tau kuj tau muab rau lawv. Raws li tsab ntawv los ntawm Gradov, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no "txij hauv qab no" tau suav nrog hauv cov phiaj xwm rau kev npaj ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim thiab, raws li koj nkag siab, muaj kab ke tog hauv qhov no. Thiab tom qab ntawd tus kheej lub sijhawm tshwm sim.
Peb tus phooj ywg ntawm tus kws kos duab ua ke tau kawm ua ke - Gradov (nws yog tus kws tshaj lij, tsis yog kws tshaj lij - qhov no yog nws cov lus zais - nws lub npe yog Sutyagin), Shchetinin thiab Pozharsky. Gradov tau koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom rau lub nroog ntawm Stalinsk hauv cheeb tsam Kemerovo (tom qab ntawd thiab tam sim no Novokuznetsk), thiab nrog txhua qhov dhau - yees, yees thiab lwm yam uas tso siab rau lub sijhawm ntawd, kuv yuav hais txog Pozharsky hauv qab no, thiab Shchetinin yog ib tug kws qhia hauv chav haujlwm tsim kho ntawm Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Haujlwm Thaj Chaw. Thiab thaum qhov kev xav tau tshwm sim rau tsab ntawv ntawd heev, cov phooj ywg, tom qab sab laj, tsa Georgy Alexandrovich ua tus sau. Tau kawg, qhov no tau pom zoo. Nws zoo siab hlo ua txoj haujlwm no, tsis muaj laj thawj, ntseeg hais tias qhov kev poob yuav tsis nyob.
Lub rooj sib tham tau tshwm sim thiab Gradov hais lus los ntawm Kremlin rostrum, rau qhov uas nws tau raug xaiv koom ua Pawg Thawj Coj ntawm SA ntawm USSR thiab tau xaiv nws tus tuav ntawv. Tab sis zaj dab neeg no tau nthuav txuas ntxiv. Ib xyoo tom qab, II Congress ntawm Cov Kws Cuam Tshua tau sib sau ua ke thiab ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawm pawg neeg pawg neeg uas tau txiav txim siab cov npe ntawm pawg thawj coj tshiab, tus sawv cev David Khodzhaev tau hais, tsis lees txais Gradov qhov kev xaiv tsa thiab qhib kev xaiv tsa nrog kev sib tw pom zoo. Rau xyoo tom qab, Gradov yuav los ua tus thawj coj ntawm TsNIIEP ntawm cov tuam tsev kawm txuj ci kev kawm thiab tom qab ntawd Pozharsky yuav los ua tus thawj coj sawv cev ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Nov yog qhov tseeb.
Kuv xav tias qhov sib piv ntawm Gradov thiab Timashuk tsis muaj nqi. Cov kws kho mob lub rooj sib hais tau sib tham dua. Thiab lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub rooj sib tham ntawd yog kev hais lus ntawm Khrushchev nws tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tau liam peb tus nus ntawm kev ua txhaum. Hauv khib nyiab - yog, nws tham txog "tsim monuments rau nws tus kheej", zoo, thiab lwm yam. Nws yuav tsum tau hnov Napoleon cov lus hais tias cov kws tsim vaj tsev muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem ib lub xeev twg (tus huab tais kuj tau hais tib yam txog cov poj niam, tab sis Khrushchev tsis tau xav txog lub ntsiab lus no). Koj zaj lus hais txog kev rhuav tshem kev tshaj lij kuj txias dhau. "Peb tus hlub Nikita Sergeevich" tau ua lwm yam - nws tso tus neeg cog lus ua tus kws tshaj lij txoj haujlwm, thiab qhov no tseem tsis zoo ib yam. Tau kawg, nws nyuaj rau koom nrog kev nrhav tshiab, yog tias tsim nyog, los ua ke cov kev daws teeb meem nrog cov neeg ua tsev, tab sis txhua tus hwm ntau dua rau cov ua tiav.
Tam sim no hais txog cov xibhwb qub. Qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Nruab Nrab thiab Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Cov Thawj Coj Ntawm kev tshem tawm ntau dhau heev tuaj tawm yuav luag ib xyoos tom qab lub rooj sib tham Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd yog cov lus qhia thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm kev vam meej Western kev muab dhau los. Cov kev rau txim raug - Polyakov, Rybitsky, Dushkin, Efimovich, tus thawj kws saib vajtse loj ntawm cov nroog ntawm Gorky thiab Kharkov. Polyakov thiab Zakharov plam lawv Mosproekt kev ua haujlwm los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj Hauv Nroog Moscow. Nws tsis tso nws txoj hauj lwm, nws raug rho tawm ntawm qhov ntawd. Nov yog rooj plaub ntawm Furtseva, tom qab ntawd tus thib 1 tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Moscow City Committee ntawm CPSU. Zakharov raug kev txom nyem rau txoj haujlwm Lyusinovskaya Txoj Kev Loj Hlob, qhov nws tau xeeb los tsim rau (!) Lub tsev siab sib txawv nrog lub tsev ntawm cov plag tsev thiab cov dav hlau zoo ib yam li lub siab nyob ntawm Kudrinskaya Square (daim duab txuas nrog).
Grigory Alekseevich yog ib tug xibfwb. Thiab seem ntawd cov xibfwb tseem nyob hauv lawv lub rooj cob qhia. Kuv ua haujlwm hauv Sobolev's rhiav, lub qhov rooj tom qab yog Sinyavsky's rhiav. Tsis muaj leej twg kov lawv. Muaj tseeb, ob peb xyoos tom qab, tus thawj coj ntawm Mosproekt, Osmer, uas yog tus neeg sawv cev tsa ntawm Central Committee ntawm Magnitogorsk metallurgical cog thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov ua rog, tawm tswv yim hais tias ob tus xibfwb, uas ua haujlwm hauv Mosproekt ib nrab sijhawm, txiav txim siab qhov haujlwm twg lawv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb. Ob leeg nyiam txoj kev qhia, tab sis qhov no, koj pom, yog lwm qhov laj thawj. Koj thov kom tsis muaj leej twg tseg ntawm ib tiam neeg qub. Txawm li cas los xij, Vladimir Georgievich Gelfreich, uas yog 70 nyob rau hauv 55 xyoo, txuas ntxiv ua tus thawj coj thiab 10 xyoo tom qab hauv tib txoj haujlwm tau txais npe ntawm Hero ntawm Socialist Labor. Boris Mikhailovich Iofan, txog rau xyoo 66, saib xyuas kev tsim kho ntawm Izmailov thiab Maryina Roshcha.
Koj tau hais kom dhau tias Gosstroy tau dhau los ua Lub Tsev Kawm Txuj Ci hauv Architecture. Tab sis no
tsis yog li ntawd - nws tau nrog nws thiab tom qab nws, thiab hloov los ua Academy of Civil Engineering thiab Architecture, taws los ntawm ib tug Bekhtin, uas tsis muaj kev kawm txuj ci thiab qib.
Kuv ntseeg tias Khrushchev tau zoo siab nrog Stalinist skyscrapers. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog nws leej twg nres qhov kev tsim kho ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lawv, Chechulinskaya hauv Zaradie, txawm hais tias
lub thav duab twb nce ib tsib caug mev zoo. Thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau rhuav thiab cov hlau tau mus rau qhov tsim kho ntawm lub chaw ntau pob hauv Luzhniki.
Koj hais tias lub Palace ntawm Congresses tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv Brezhnev. Tab sis qhov chaw tsim kho no tau raug kaw nyob rau hauv 61st rau kev qhib ntawm 22th Party Congress - qhov ib qho uas Khrushchev tau cog lus tseg: "tam sim no cov neeg Soviet yuav nyob hauv kev sib nrog!"
Kuv xav muab koj cov qauv sib txawv ntawm lub hauv paus pib ntawm Novy Arbat khaub ncaws ntau. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cia peb nco ntsoov tias nws tau kos los ntawm txoj kev npaj tsim kho hauv Moscow xyoo 1935, uas yog, los ntawm Stalin txoj kev npaj. Thiab nws tsis yog Khrushchev uas tau ntxim nyiam los ntawm cov tsos ntawm Cuban lub peev, tab sis nws tus tub-hauv-txoj cai thiab tus thawj-saib xyuas ntawm Izvestia ntawv xov xwm, Adzhubei. Nws tawm tswv yim tias nws txiv uas yog nws tus thawj coj tub ceev xwm tau xa tus thawj coj vaj tsev ntawm Moscow nyob ntawd kom nws ntsia rau ntawm Fox Tsev, uas zoo li ib phau ntawv hauv nws daim. Thiab Mikhail Vasilyevich tau mus. Thiab tom qab ntawd, raws li kuv nco qab thaum lub caij ntuj sov 62, lub rooj sib tham ntawm Archplan tau raug tsa los ntawm kev ua tus thawj coj ntawm Demichev, tus tuav ntaub ntawv thib 1 ntawm Moscow City Committee ntawm CPSU, ntawm qhov Posokhin tau tshaj tawm txog cov qauv sau tseg ntawm Arbat Tshiab thiab Kuv yog tam sim no. Ua ntej, "Fox Tsev" tau nthuav tawm - phiaj xwm, tshooj, facades, thiab tom qab ntawd "cov phau ntawv" ntawm txoj kev, uas tom qab ntawd thaj chaw nyob. Tsuas yog nyob hauv Havana yog cov maj mam thiab cov tub qhe tau faib raws li txoj kev npaj, tab sis peb, ntawm chav kawm, ces qhov no tsis tuaj yeem. Txhua yam no yuav raug lees paub los ntawm Mikhail Mikhailovich Posokhin. Thiab hais txog qhov tseeb tias txoj kev avenue, uas tshwm sim tsuas yog hauv lub sijhawm rau kev ua koob tsheej ntawm 50 xyoo ntawm Lub Kaum Hli Ntuj Kev Ua Si, tau pom tias yog Asmesliskas, koj hais yog lawm. Nws yog lub tswv yim ntawd. Thiab "kokhinorite" Tolya Panchenko hu nkauj "Nkauj ntawm Ob Arbats" rau cov nkauj zoo ntawm Okudzhava, cov lus uas tau sau los ntawm koj tus tub qhe txo hwjchim. Nws xaus zoo li no:
Los ntawm Kremlin, los ntawm Palace koj ntws mus rau Moscow Dej, Qhov twg CMEA qhib nws cov façade saum nws.
Ah Arbat, Tshiab Arbat, koj yog kuv Amelikas, Koj yog kuv tus Havana, koj yuav luag Broadway.
Kuv ua ib tug neeg qhuas koj cov ntawv.
Zoo tshaj qhov xav tau
Felix Novikov
