Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 14, 2016, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov kev kawm ntawm lub suab acoustic ib puag ncig ntawm ib qho ntawm cov chav kawm tau nthuav tawm ntawm Lyceum No. 1502 ntawm MPEI (Moscow): ua tsaug rau tsim qhov zoo tshaj plaws acoustic mob, nws muaj peev xwm txo qis reverberation lub sijhawm hauv chav los ntawm ib nrab.
Acoustics cov kws tshaj lij tau ntsuas lub sijhawm reverberation [1] thiab piv cov kev paub thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv chav kawm ib txwm muaj thiab chav kawm muaj qhov siab ntawm kev nplij siab acoustic. Cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb tau lees tias hauv chav nyob nrog lub suab zoo zoo, hais lus suab tau meej thiab meej, uas txhim kho kev nkag siab kom nkag siab thiab yog li nce kev kawm paub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qib ntawm lub suab nrov tom qab yog qhov txo qis, uas txwv tsis pub cov tub ntxhais kawm ua haujlwm, ua rau nkees sai thiab tseem cuam tshuam tus cwj pwm tsis txaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas.
Tus Thawj Coj ntawm Lub Xeev Nyiaj Txiag Qhia Kev Kawm Ntawv "Lyceum No. 1502 ntawm MPEI", Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws ntawm Lavxias, Laureate ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias, Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Pedagogy, xibfwb Vladimir Lvovich Chudov tau sau tseg: lub neej yav tom ntej ntawm cov neeg laus. Kev kawm ntawv tau zoo nyob ntawm ntau yam, ntawm cov kev mob siab kawm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Qhov zoo acoustic ib puag ncig yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm kev nplij siab. Nws paub zoo tias nyob hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv thaj chaw ua suab nrov yog siab heev. Acoustic cov chav kawm muaj qhov suab nrov qis dua, uas muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov xib fwb thiab tub ntxhais kawm kev kawm. Peb cia siab tias peb tus piv txwv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yuav ua ib qhov kev txhawb nqa los ua kev paub txog kev tsim kho tshiab hauv lwm lub tsev kawm."
Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb tab tom kawm txog kev muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm acoustics rau ib tus neeg uas muaj kev txaus siab: cov kev tshawb fawb ntau yam pom tias tsis muaj acoustics ntawm thaj chaw tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau ob qho kev tsim khoom ntawm txheej txheem kev kawm thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov xib fwb. Raws li American Acoustic Society, 10 dB nce rau tom qab cov suab nrov ua rau 5-7% txo cov ncauj lus nkag siab hauv nruab nrab. Cov kws qhia ntawv niaj hnub muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lawv lub pob ntseg thiab hais lus, nrog rau lawv txoj kev noj qab nyob zoo. Lub Koom Haum Asmeskas ntawm Kev Hais Lus, Kev Hais Lus thiab Kev Sib Hais pom tias cov kws qhia ntawv 32 zaus yuav muaj teeb meem nrog lawv cov suab nrov tshaj cov neeg ntawm lwm txoj haujlwm.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb German tau pom tias nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig lub suab zoo, qhov kev xav ntawm cov lus qhia los ntawm qhov ncauj los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv kawm tau zoo. Cov menyuam yaus muaj lub siab xav ua haujlwm ntxiv rau hauv pab pawg, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm 13 dB txo qis cov suab nrov hauv cov chav kawm uas muaj lub suab zoo (lub suab nrov tau raug txo 20 zaug). Qhov twg cov chav kawm tsom mus rau monologue (tus kws qhia ntawv hais lus, cov tub ntxhais kawm mloog), daim duab no yog 10 dB (kev tshawb fawb tau los ntawm Heriot-Watt University, UK, thiab University of Bremen, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees). Thaum ntsuas tau coj mus rau hauv cov chav kawm uas tsis muaj, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov chav (nrog thiab tsis muaj suab zoo nkauj) hauv qib suab nrov yog 3-5 dB. Ib qho kev nce ntxiv ntawm 7-8 dB tau muab los ntawm qhov sib txawv Lombard nyhuv (lub txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tsev qiv ntawv), uas yog, nyob hauv ib puag ncig zoo, tib neeg sim hais lus hauv lub suab qis kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov ntsiag to. Cov kev xav ntawm lub suab nrov txo los ntawm 10-13 dB tuaj yeem piv rau qhov pib ntawm kev ua kom ntsiag to tom qab lub kiv cua haib tau muab tua hauv chav, lossis lub tsheb thauj khoom tau tsav tawm ntawm lub qhov rais.
Lub tsa suab acoustic yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov me nyuam rhiab, uas yog, cov tub ntxhais kawm uas (feem ntau tsis paub) hnov lus tsis zoo, cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis yog lus, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj teeb meem mloog tsis taus. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm tsoomfwv Scottish [2], cov neeg kawm li 21% ntawm tag nrho cov menyuam yaus thiab cov hluas tau mus kawm cov tsev qhia ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais kawm uas muaj teeb meem tsis hnov lus, thaum tsiv los ntawm chav kawm ib txwm mus rau ib chav uas muaj lub suab zoo, hnov tau zoo ntawm kev hnov lus thiab, vim li ntawd, tau nkag siab tus kws qhia ntawv cov lus piav qhia. Zoo acoustics muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub zog ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov kws qhia. Lub plawv dhia (mem tes 10 nqaj tsawg dua hauv cov chav kawm ib txwm muaj) thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj hormones kev nyuab siab hauv cov ntshav tsis pub dhau qhov ib txwm [3].
Olga Titova, Tus Thawj Tuav Haujlwm Kev Tsim Lag Luam ntawm ECOPHON kev faib tawm ntawm Saint-Gobain, tau hais tias: "Saint-Gobain muaj keeb kwm ntev thiab muaj kev paub txog ntau yam ntawm kev tsim kom muaj qhov zoo ib puag ncig: peb koom nrog ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, coj kev kawm cov xwm txheej rau cov kws ua vaj tsev thiab qhia txog peb cov kev paub nrog peb cov neeg Lav Xias, raws li peb xav txog qhov teeb meem no ceev heev. Tom qab txhua qhov, chav nyob uas tau teeb tsa kom pom tseeb ntawm cov neeg mloog lus tuaj yeem nce qib kev nkag siab ntawm qhov ncauj hais lus ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm li 25% thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim kab mob ntawm cov kws qhia ntawm 75%."
[1] Lub sijhawm Reverberation yog lub sijhawm nws siv lub suab los ua kom nrov li 60 dB. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig zoo acoustic, tsuas yog lub suab ncaj ncaj tau hnov (los ntawm tus hais lus rau cov mloog). Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, qhov thiaj li hu lig dhau los tsis tshwm sim, uas yog, lub suab tsis muaj suab nrov los ntawm lub phab ntsa, qab nthab thiab hauv pem teb, uas txo cov suab nrov thiab kev paub ntawm kev hais lus, thiab tseem tsim cov suab nrov tom qab.
[2] Tshaj tawm los ntawm tsoomfwv Scottish txog kev pom zoo ntawm Txoj Cai Kev Kawm 2004 thiab Tsab Cai Txhawb Kev Kawm Qhia Ntxiv.
[3] Kev Tshawb Fawb los ntawm University of Bremen.
