Cov thaiv npuas yas yog cov khoom tshiab tshiab. Yog tias cov thwv cib tau siv rau kev tsim kho vaj tse ntau tshaj 3000 xyoo, tom qab no qhov no tau siv rau me ntsis tsawg tshaj li ib puas. Cov neeg tsim tsa tau saib txoj hauv kev txhais tau tias kom ntxiv dag zog ntawm lub masonry. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, rau lub hom phiaj no, bovine ntshav ntxiv rau hauv pob zeb cement. Cov protein uas tau nyob hauv nws, hnov mob nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm cov xis mas thiab kua qaub, txhawb kev tsim npuas dej. Tom qab ntawd qhov xwm txheej no xav tsis thoob cov neeg ua tsev. Cov kev sim txuas ntxiv tau muab pov tseg.
Keeb kwm me ntsis
Ib me ntsis tom qab ntawd, hauv peb caug xyoo, ntawm ib qhov chaw tsim kho, cov neeg ua haujlwm txiav txim siab tso ib lub decoction los ntawm cov tshuaj ntxuav tes hauv paus rau hauv kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj khib cement. Los ntawm qhov no, nws ua ntau ntau yas thiab ywj. Qhov no ua rau kev ua haujlwm yooj yim dua. Cov qhob sib xyaw ua tau ua khov dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, daim ntawv qhia rau cov khoom txaij tsis tau hloov pauv.
Lub xub ntiag ntawm npaus, raws li nws muab tawm, ua rau nws tuaj yeem txo qhov nyuaj ntawm kev daws. Nws tau pib tsim nyob rau hauv nws tom qab tawv tawv me ntsis thiab voids. Qhov no nce lub zog ntawm lub masonry. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb, BBO tsis tso cai rau kev sim txuas ntxiv, kev tshawb pom ntawm cov pob zeb ua npuas ncauj tau ncua ntxiv rau plaub caug xyoo ntxiv. Xyoo 60, hauv USSR, nws twb tau siv rau kev tsim kho vaj tsev ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, tab sis txij li tus nqi hluav taws xob tau tsawg, tus nqi ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog tsawg heev. Nws qhov zoo dua cov khoom tau piav qhia tau pom tseeb, yog li cov npuas ua npuas ncauj poob rau hauv oblivion dua.
Nws tau nco txog thaum muaj kev nyuaj siab 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Cov nqi zog tau nce siab dhau los, txhawb kev tsim vaj tsev pob zeb tau ua tsis tiav. Thawj lub pob zeb ua npuas ncauj tau tsim tawm ntawm kev lag luam tsim hauv Tebchaws Europe. Kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis tshiab tau tuaj rau hauv Russia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st. Niaj hnub no qhov kev thov rau nws yog avalanche.
Cov khoom siv tau pib nquag siv rau kev tsim kho cov tsev ntiag tug thiab tsev me. Nws yog xaiv los ntawm cov neeg uas tab tom nrhiav kev xaiv pheej yig rau kev tsim kho vaj tse, uas tau yuam kom ua lawv lub tsev yam tsis muaj kev koom tes ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Ua npuas ncauj thaiv hnyav tsawg (los ntawm 8 txog 25 kg, qhov hnyav nyob ntawm qhov loj me ntawm cov block). Lawv qhov kev siv tso cai rau koj los tsim lub tsev me hauv ob lub hlis xwb. Tom qab tsim tau, lub tsev tsis ploj. Nws tseem sib zog dua li cib, yog li koj tuaj yeem txuag ntawm kev tsim lub tsev. Cov phab ntsa tsis tas yuav ntxiv kev rwb thaiv tsev. Cov blocks tau yooj yim pom, zawj, drilled. Qhov no ua tau yooj yim ntawm kev tso cov txheej txheem tsim nyog thiab hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Tab sis yog lawv yeej zoo heev
tsev los ntawm ua npuas ncauj blocks? Lawv muaj ntau lub pluses li minuses.
Lawv cov kev xaiv tso cai rau koj kom sai sai txhim kho lub thawv txheem (plaub lub thawb-cov phab ntsa nyob ib puag ncig puag ncig thiab ib qho kev txhawb nqa sab hauv lub tsev los txhawb cov pob zeb hauv pem teb). Ntxiv mus, qhov chaw sab hauv tuaj yeem npaj tau raws li qhov koj xav tau. Thaum lub sijhawm kev tsim kho, koj tuaj yeem hloov kho txoj kev npaj ua haujlwm, ntxiv qee yam, hle nws, saib cov haujlwm tshiab thiab kho sai sai, yog tias muaj.
Koj tuaj yeem yuav qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv Is Taws Nem, nws tsis pheej yig (15-20 txhiab). Nws yog nrog los ntawm cov duab kos duab, ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom yuav tsum tau ua hauv tsev thiab kev kwv yees. Yooj yim heev! Kev khi cov ntawv sau rau lub xaib tshwj xeeb yog ua tiav ob peb hnub. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem tam sim ntawd mus yuav cov npuas dej thaiv thiab pib ua lub tsev.
Cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom yuav cov npuas dej thaiv ua lag luam: muaj ntau qhov muab, txhua tus neeg muag khoom qhuas nws cov khoom, nws tsis yooj yim to taub qhov twg cov khoom zoo. Yog tias muaj qee yam tshwm sim, yuav tsis muaj leej twg los ua ntawv foob. Tib txoj kev tawm mus yog saib rau qhov chaw uas cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam uas muaj lub koob npe zoo nyob ze. Qhov zoo, muaj ntau yam ntsiab lus. Yeej yuav muaj ib yam dab tsi tsim nyog nyob ze rau ntawm kev tsim kho tom ntej.
Nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov npuas dej ua npuas ncauj ncaj qha los ntawm cov haujlwm rhiav, lawv yuav tsum yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj, tsis muaj kab nrib pleb thiab nti, geometrically yog cov duab. Cov kws kho txuj ci qhia kom yuav 30 cm tuab ua npuas ncauj ntawm lub hom phiaj D800 rau kev tsim kho ntawm ob lub tsev me. Lub masonry yog ua nrog kua nplaum sov rau cellular thaiv ntawm perlite. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub neej tom ntej ntau nyob ntawm kev saib xyuas zoo ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis. Tseem Ceeb:
- Nteg peb kab ntawm cov cib ntawm lub hauv paus, ua cov dej tsis qab, ua cov cement-xuab zeb txheej thiab muab thawj kab ntawv ua npuas ncauj tso rau nws (ua ntej ntawd, txhua qhov thaiv yuav tsum muab laub hauv dej, yog li nws yuav tsis rub dej tawm ntawm cov kua nplaum).
- Ib txheej ntawm kua nplaum yog pw ntawm thawj txheej ntawm cov npaus ua npuas, ib txheej tshiab yog sib sau ua ke saum nws raws li txoj cai ntawm brickwork.
- Txhua kab yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj kev cog lus, koj tsis tas yuav txuag nyiaj ntawm cov kua nplaum, tsuas yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov pob qij txha tuaj yeem ua kom ntseeg tau txhim khu kev qha ceev ntawm lub masonry.
- Txhua plaub kab plaub, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los nqa tawm strobing thiab txhawb nrog steel reinforcement.
- Cov pob zeb ua kev yog muab tso ua plag tsev.
Lub qhov rais thiab lub qhov rooj tuaj yeem tso tau tam sim ntawd: lub tsev tiav lawm tsis ntsws, yog li tsis tas yuav tos kom muaj qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev qhib. Yog tias ua kom yog, cov chaw ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nrauv phab ntsa yuav ua haujlwm zoo heev. Tsis muaj yuav tsum tau plaster lawv los txhim kho lub thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo, yog li koj muaj peev xwm tam sim ntawd lo cov nplaim sheer nrog cov ntawv txheeb ntawm phab ntsa ntub dej los ntawm sab hauv, sheathe cov sab nraud nrog siding lossis clapboard. Ob chav cladding no yuav pab ua kom lub tsev qhuav tas.
Koj tuaj yeem dai duab. Daim phuam rau cov npuas dej yog qhov tsim nyog rau lawv qhov fastening. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv pob tw nkoj rau luminaires. Hloov chaw dai rau chav ua noj chav ua noj, koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tam sim ntawd lub teeb nrog tus cwj mem qhuav thiab cov rooj zaum.
Ntau tus tswv tsev yws tias nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tsav cov ntsia hlau rau hauv cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm cov npuas dej, lawv pib tawg thiab vau tam sim ntawd. Nov yog qhov koj xav tau rov qab mus rau qhov zoo ntawm lub hauv paus dua. Muaj ntau ntau ntawm "tsev-tsim" benoconcrete ntawm kev tsim kev lag luam. Nws poob sib nrug txawm los ntawm ib qho yooj yim kov. Tsuas yog cov khoom siv los ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom lag luam nrog lub suab npe tsis txaus ntseeg yuav ua rau koj txaus siab rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev xaiv.
Yog lawm, tej yaam num ntawm cov tsev uas ua los ntawm cov npaus ua npuas dej tsis zoo: lawv yuav tsum tau kho kom sov ntev, tab sis thaum cov phab ntsa tau txais cua sov, lawv khaws nws zoo heev, qhov no pab kom txuag tau ntawm kev siv zog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub thawv yuav "ua pa", yog li muaj tseeb yuav tsis muaj hws rau ntawm phab ntsa thiab ntawm qhov rais. Tsis muaj hws, tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, tsis muaj pwm thiab pwm. Qhib lub qhov rais, qhov rooj, ntawm no koj muaj cua zoo.
Cov vis dis aus hais txog yuav ua li cas zoo ua npuas ncauj npaus ua tau:
Xaus ntawm lub ncauj lus
Ua npuas dej thaiv tsev puas zoo? Lawv tsis zoo tag nrho, lawv tseem tsis tau tsim cov tsev tsim cov khoom tsim nyog uas yuav cia lawv tsim lub tsev zoo. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom tau piav qhia yog tsim nyog thaum koj xav tau sai, hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, tsim lub tsev nyob hauv lub teb chaws thiab tam sim ntawd nkag mus. Nws tuaj yeem siv raws caij nyoog thiab txhua xyoo puag ncig. Tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam txog kev tsim kho tsis tau txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb, lub ntsiab yog nrhiav thiab yuav cov hmoov av ua npuas ncauj zoo tiag tiag.
Tau qhov twg los: tso rau pom cov tsev "Cov teb chaws nyob qis"
