Archi.ru:
Classics yog qhov kev xav dav: muaj kev rov kho dua ntawm ntau hom, palladianism, classicism, kos duab kos duab, Stalinist architecture, postmodernism, muaj classics - peb lub caij nyoog, cog lus rau cov qauv sib txawv ntawm classical architecture. Neoclassicism yog dab tsi rau koj, koj yuav txhais li cas?
Evgeny Gerasimov:
Cov classics yog tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Rome. Yog li no, mus rau ib qib lossis lwm qhov, txhua yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem yog tus neeg neoclassicism. Historicism yog lub tswvyim dav dua uas suav nrog neoclassicism, a la russe, thiab Rinaldi's quest hauv Suav tus qauv. Neoclassicism yog ib feem ntawm kev kos duab niaj hnub, nws yog nyob rau hauv kev thov, uas yog vim li cas peb tab tom tham txog nws hnub no. Tsoos architecture yog tseem muaj sia nyob, lus xaiv ntawm nws txoj kev tuag yog qhov muaj tseeb heev.
Txog rau qhov twg, hauv koj txoj kev xav, cov qauv ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub sib haum nrog kev txhais tau zoo ntawm cov classics?
Qhov tsis txawv dawb ntawm lub ntsiab ntawm neoclassical architecture yog ua raws li qhov kev nkag siab ntawm kev faib ua feem thiab sib haum xeeb; nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob hla qee qhov kev txwv. Coob tus neeg tsis xav tias lub tsev ntawm lub tsev ntawm Ostrovsky Square raug cua, thiab tias lub tsev nws tus kheej yog ua los ntawm monolithic reinforced ua vaj tse, nrog rau kev nres tsheb hauv av thiab kev daws teeb meem niaj hnub engineering. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog neoclassicism, ib qho tsis cuam tshuam nrog lwm tus.
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zooming 1/7 Chaw haujlwm hauv Ostrovsky Square, 2008 "Evgeny Gerasimov thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes" © Diam duab los ntawm Oleg Manov
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zooming 2/7 Chaw ua haujlwm lub tsev nyob rau ntawm Ostrovsky Square, 2008 "Evgeny Gerasimov thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes" © daim duab los ntawm Oleg Manov
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zooming 3/7 Lub Chaw Haujlwm hauv Ostrovsky Square, 2008 "Evgeny Gerasimov thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes" © daim duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 4/7 Lub tsev chaw ua haujlwm ntawm Ostrovsky Square, 2008 © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 5/7 Lub Tsev Haujlwm hauv Ostrovsky Square, 2008 © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 6/7 Lub tsev haujlwm ntawm Ostrovsky Square, 2008 "Evgeny Gerasimov thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes" © daim duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming Lub tsev 7/7 Office nyob rau Ostrovsky Square, 2008 "Evgeny Gerasimov thiab Cov Neeg Koom Tes" © daim duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
Koj puas tig rau lub classics thaum twg?
Rau peb, qhov no yog ib qhov ntawm - tsis yog qhov muaj feem thib tsis yog ib theem ob. Peb nkag siab tias muaj kev xav tau ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom rau qhov no, cov neeg yuav khoom hauv qee qhov chaw xav tsim cov neoclassicism, qhov no kuj sib xws nrog peb cov kev xav - peb txaus siab tshawb nrhiav hauv cov kev taw qhia no. Cov taw qhia tsis zoo tshaj thiab tsis zoo dua li lwm tus. Yog lawm, cov haujlwm zoo li no tshwm sim feem ntau hauv plawv nroog.
Nws paub tias cov classics yog hom lus uas muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm cov lus nyuaj nyuaj thiab nthuav. Koj puas tuaj yeem muab cov piv txwv ntawm cov lus zoo li ntawd hauv koj cov dej num - thaum koj qhia qee yam lus hauv cov lus ntawm cov classics?
Rau ntawm kuv, nqe lus no yog kev sib cav. Kuv tawm tsam cov ntaub ntawv hauv architecture - cov no yog ntau hom kev kos duab. Kev tsim qauv yog kos duab kos duab, kos duab, tsis yog ntawv. Kev sib tham txog qhov uas tus sau xav hais yog los ntawm kev siab phem. Koj saib Rossi - nws paub tias dab tsi nws xav hais. Ntawm no nws coj Galernaya Txoj Kev nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov tuam tsev ntawm Senate thiab Synod rau Senate Square, thiab nws ua nws masterfully, los ntawm cov koov. Bolshaya Morskaya ua rau lub Tsev Teev Ntawv Palace nrog tib tus thawj loj. Nov tsuas yog qhov cuab yeej ua qauv zoo xwb, tsis tas yuav saib mus rau yam uas tsis muaj nyob tom qab nws. Architecture yog lub koom haum ntawm qhov chaw, yog li nws txhim tsa nws. Qhov no yog ntau dua paj ntaub tshaj li lyric.
Hauv kev ua haujlwm nrog neoclassicism, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov khoom siv tes ua, cov hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Koj tsis tuaj yeem hla qee thaj tsam uas tsev kawm ntawv tau tsim. Piv txwv li, thaum kuv pom daim tawv xeb xeb rau ntawm ib sab ntawm lub kaum sab nrauv ntawm ib lub tsev thiab polished granite ntawm lwm yam, txhua yam rhaub rau kuv. Qhov no yog kev tsis saib xyuas, kev nkag siab tsis zoo ntawm daim ntawv, cov cai thiab lub hauv paus ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Ntawd yog, txhawm rau txhim kho lub tsev neoclassical zoo, koj muaj qhov kev nkag siab zoo txaus ntawm yav dhau los architecture?
Koj tuaj yeem nkag siab raws li koj nyiam. Ib tus kws kho suab paj nruag yog ib qho, thiab tus kws sau nkauj yog lwm. Kev paub yog qhov tsim nyog, tab sis tsis txaus nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim tej yam zoo me me uas koj tuaj yeem saib. Peb kuj xav tau lub peev xwm, kev paub dhau los, kev txawj, kev hais lus hauv lub suab lus siab.
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zooming 1/11 Thaj Chaw Puas Lub Tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees duab los ntawm Alexey Naroditsky
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zooming 2/11 Thaj Chaw Hauv Nroog "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees duab los ntawm Alexey Naroditsky
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zooming 3/11 ntawm lub tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 4/11 Thaj tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees los ntawm Yuri Molodkovets
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zooming 5/11 thaj tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 6/11 Thaj Chaw Hauv Lub Tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 7/11 Thaj Chaw Lub Tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 8/11 Thaj Chaw Hauv Lub Tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 9/11 Thaj Chaw Hauv Lub Tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 10/11 ntawm lub tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 11/11 ntawm lub tsev "Venice", 2013 Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes © yees los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
Puas yog nws ib txwm kim tsim lub tsev neoclassical?
Ib lub tsev tuaj yeem kim heev yog tias txhua yam ua los ntawm marble thiab kub. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem pheej yig heev - muaj ntau qhov piv txwv. Hauv Rome, txhua yam yog pob zeb, thiab hauv St. Petersburg, tawm ntawm kev txom nyem, txhua yam yog ua hauv plaster. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kab lis kev cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog daim ntawv tsis ploj; ntawm qhov tsis tooj, nws tau raug fwm nrog paucity ntawm cov nyiaj.
Quarenghi, piv txwv li, muaj vaj tsev zoo nkauj. Lub Catherine Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv thiab Lub Tsev Kho Mob Mariinsky muaj qhov ntev, lub ntsej muag, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, muaj qhov zoo nkauj tseem ceeb, uas txhua qhov nyiaj tau sau. Nws yog zoo li ib lub brooch uas, ua tsaug rau nws qhov kev tsim nyog thiab cov tsiaj loj, tuaj yeem hloov kho cov hnav khaub ncaws me me. Qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo li nyiaj.
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zooming 1/8 thaj chaw "Verona", 2018 Yees duab: Andrey Belimov-Gushchin © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 2/8 thaj ntawm lub tsev "Verona", 2018 Yees duab: Andrey Belimov-Gushchin © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 3/8 thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev "Verona", 2018 Yees Duab: Andrey Belimov-Gushchin © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 4/8 thaj chaw "Verona", 2018 Yees Duab: Andrey Belimov-Gushchin © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Sib Koom Tes"
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zooming 5/8 Thaj Tsam Tsev "Verona", 2018 Yees Duab: Andrey Belimov-Gushchin © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Sib Koom Tes"
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zooming 6/8 Thaj Chaw Lub Tsev "Verona", 2018 Yees Duab: Andrey Belimov-Gushchin © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 7/8 Thaj chaw hauv lub tsev "Verona", 2018 Yees duab: Andrey Belimov-Gushchin © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 8/8 Thaj Chaw Lub Tsev "Verona", 2018 Yees Duab: Andrey Belimov-Gushchin © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Sib Koom Tes"
Tab sis hnub no neoclassicism tab tom tsim ntau rau cov neeg tseem ceeb?
Yog lawm, txawm hais tias nws yuav txawv. Lub neoclassicism ntawm 50s lig ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau ua nyob rau hauv cov qauv yooj yim. Cia peb rov qab ob lub tsev ntawm Sergei Speransky ntawm Moscow Square, uas flank Leninsky Prospekt - yooj yim heev, hauv cov vuas luaj, nrog cov ntawv me. Tab sis lawv saib zoo kawg hnub no! Vim li cas lub tsev tsis loj zoo li no? Ib qho tag nrho thaiv ntawm cov tsev ntawd nrog cov naj npawb ntawm cov khw thiab cov khoom sib txig ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Pulkovskoe txoj kev loj, dab tsi yuav tsis zoo?
Nws muaj peev xwm hloov kho neoclassicism rau hauv thaj chaw muaj tsev siab nrog rau qhov siab ntawm 25 plag tsev. Cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm Stalinist era tau ua tiav nrog qhov no zoo kawg nkaus. Soviet cov kws ua haujlwm xyoo 1930-1950s - tag nrho galaxy ntawm Zholtovsky - muaj lub tsev kawm ntawv zoo ua ntej, tau muaj txuj ci zoo li ntawd thaum xyoo 1932 tsoomfwv tau hais tias: "Yog li no peb tau ua qhov no li cas," lawv tau npaj txhij. Tsis yog tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev ua xyem xyav thiab ua li cas. Lawv tau ua tiav qhov kev tsim txiaj tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua tiav neoclassical ntawm txhua qhov ntsuas: chaw ntau pob, Dnieper cov chaw siv dej, lub rooj vag, VDNKh. Lawv qhov kev kawm tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm teb cov lus thov ntawm cov neeg.
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zooming 1/11 thaj vaj tse "Pobedy, 5", 2014 "Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes" © duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 2/11 thaj ntawm tsev "Pobedy, 5", 2014 © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 3/11 thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev "Pobedy, 5", 2014 "Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes" © duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 4/11 thaj chaw ntawm lub tsev "Pobedy, 5", 2014 "Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes" © duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 5/11 thaj tsev "Pobedy, 5", 2014 © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 6/11 thaj vaj tsev "Pobedy, 5", 2014 "Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes" © duab los ntawm Yuri Slavtsov
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zooming 7/11 thaj tsev "Pobedy, 5", 2014 © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 8/11 thaj tsev "Pobedy, 5", 2014 © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 9/11 Thaj chaw hauv lub tsev "Lub yeej, 5", 2014 © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 10/11 thaj tsev "Pobedy, 5", 2014 © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
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zooming 11/11 ntawm lub tsev "Pobedy, 5", 2014 © "Evgeny Gerasimov & Cov Neeg Koom Tes"
Ntawd yog, nws tsis yog pob nyiaj siv los yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, tab sis cov kev txawj ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse thiab qhov zoo ntawm kev ua tiav?
Neoclassicism tsis tshua lees txais kev ua tsis tiav thiab qhov tsis tiav. Hauv lwm cov architecture, qhov no ua haujlwm tawm - coj tib Frank Gehry. Yog tias koj ua tib zoo saib ntawm Guggenheim Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Bilbao - muaj ib qho façade qhov dej tsis ncav cuag lwm qhov, qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim kho yog qhov txaus ntshai, cov lus qhia tawm ntawm sab hauv cov vuas tsis tau raug suav. Tab sis muaj nws pom yog qhov tsis ntxim hlub ntxim hlub - khoom plig rau deconstructivism. Neoclassicism tsis zam dhau kev ua tsis tiav, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tiav.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb dua, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsis nkag siab qhov twg thiab yuav raug nqi ntau npaum li cas, tab sis tus kws tsim vaj tsev yog yuam ua lub luag haujlwm. Koj yuav tsum muaj peev xwm txheeb cais dab tsi yog xeeb nrog cov kev tuaj yeem, yog li kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau ib qho kev ntxhov ua ntej, kom tsis txhob kos dab tsi uas tsis yooj yim sua kom ua tiav cov peev nyiaj tam sim no. Ncab ob txhais ceg raws cov khaub ncaws. Nov kuj yog ib feem ntawm kev tshaj lij. Raws li nyob hauv txhua qhov kev lag luam: tus kws ua zaub mov yuav tsum to taub ntau npaum li cas, dab tsi thiab nyob rau hauv nqe dab tsi yuav khoom, yog li cov lus cog tseg ua tau raws li kev cia siab. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav lom zem: muaj txaus rau Ferragamo lub phav, tab sis tsis ntev rau khau. Txij ntawm no, cov pob tawm los ntawm lub ces kaum hlau tshwm sim, lossis lub tsev pib tsis ntub thiab poob sib nrug tom qab thawj lub caij ntuj no.
Neoclassicism yog kev sim ntsuas ntawm qhov ncaj. Ib qho kev sib tw uas koj tuaj yeem tsoo koj cov hniav. Nws yog ib yam ua kev thim rov qab ntawm lub khoos phis tawm - nrog lub peev xwm niaj hnub no nws tsis nyuaj, ntawv yuav thev dhau txhua yam. Kev ua kom tiav, kev xyaum - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tseeb, raws li cov neeg tsim ntawm Marxism-Leninism tau qhia.
Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas neoclassicism tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog paub zoo niaj hnub los yog "thuam" nyob rau hauv MVRDV style.
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zooming 1/9 Art View Lub tsev qws tsev ntawm lub pas dej Moika ntawm tus ntug dej, 102, 2019 Yees Duab © Andrey Belimov-Gushchin / Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov koom tes
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zooming 2/9 Art View Lub tsev qws tsev nyob ntawm Moika dej ntawm ntug dej, 102, 2019 Yees Duab © Andrey Belimov-Gushchin / Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov koom tes
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zooming 3/9 Art View Lub tsev qws tsev nyob ntawm Moika dej ntawm ntug dej, 102, 2019 Yees Duab © Andrey Belimov-Gushchin / Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov koom tes
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zooming 4/9 Art View Lub tsev qws tsev ntawm lub tsev Moika embankment Duab © Ilya Priporov / Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov koom tes
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zooming 5/9 Art View Lub tsev qws tsev ntawm lub tsev Moika embankment Yees Duab © Andrey Belimov-Gushchin / Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov koom tes
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zooming 6/9 Art View Lub tsev qws tsev nyob ntawm Moika dej ntawm ntug dej, 102, 2019 Yees Duab © Andrey Belimov-Gushchin / Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov koom tes
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zooming 7/9 Art View Lub tsev qws tsev nyob ntawm Moika dej ntawm ntug dej, 102, 2019 Yees Duab © Andrey Belimov-Gushchin / Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov neeg koom tes
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zooming 8/9 Art View Lub tsev qws tsev nyob ntawm Moika dej ntawm ntug dej, 102, 2019 Yees Duab © Andrey Belimov-Gushchin / Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov koom tes
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zooming 9/9 Art View Lub tsev qws tsev nyob ntawm Moika dej ntawm ntug dej, 102, 2019 Yees Duab © Andrey Belimov-Gushchin / Evgeny Gerasimov thiab cov koom tes
Peb puas tuaj yeem tham txog qhov kev hloov kho ntawm cov qauv no hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv chaw lis haujlwm, hais txog cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, qee hom kab?
Hais txog kev kos duab, tej zaum tsis yog. Piv rau ntau pua xyoo ntawm neoclassicism, nees nkaum xyoo yog lub sijhawm nrawm. Tab sis muaj kev hloov pauv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm thev naus laus zis uas tsis sawv tseem. Kev tua ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj ua ntu li ntawm 102 Moika nyuaj rau xav ua ntej. Qhov no nthuav dav lub peev xwm ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse, koj tuaj yeem tso ntau cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, uas niaj hnub no ua tsis yog los ntawm tus tuav ntawm tes, tab sis ntawm lub Hoobkas ntawm tshuab. Nws yog qhov txias heev thaum koj tuaj yeem txua tawm lub zoo Ionic peev thiab yooj yim mount nws rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, zoo li tus tsim qauv.
Nws hloov tawm tias neoclassicism yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus?
Yog lawm. Txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws kes duab vajtse tsis tau ua tiav yog tias ib qho tsis xav tuaj kom ze rau lub tsev thiab kov nws. Kuv tsis nyiam, Kuv tsis xav mus kom ze yog tias los ntawm ib txhiab metres txhua yam yog qhov tseeb: lub tswv yim meej, ua tsaug, tsis muaj ntxiv. Thiab qee zaum koj xav tawm los thiab los saib: yuav ua li cas, ua li cas? Koj ib txwm xav mus kom ze rau cov vaj tse ntawm David Chipperfield. Nws yuav zoo li yooj yim, tab sis cov lus nug tam sim ntawd tshwm sim: cov pob zeb ua li cas, ib qho sib txuas ua ke li cas, lub qhov rais zoo li cas rau hauv kev ua vaj tse pob zeb, zoo li pob kws? Super! Adam Caruso thiab Peter St. John yog txias heev, tus tswv ntawm kev nthuav dav. Lawv lub txhab nyiaj nyob hauv Bremen yog qhov zoo heev.
Cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev saib, hauv av theem pem teb. Qhov saum toj no tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim, tab sis kuj tseem ntse. Yog tias koj ua tib zoo saib cov duab puab ntawm Admiralty, nws yuav zoo li tias lawv tau ua kua. Tab sis kev txawj. cov kev paub ntawm ib tug sculptor thiab kws kes duab vajtse qhia li cas qhov no yuav raug ntaus nqi nyob rau hauv aerial foundations, los ntawm kev deb. Ib tug neeg yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev txaj muag thaum ntsia lub tsev los ntawm qhov chaw nyob ze, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, yuav tsum muaj lub siab xav kov nws. Peb sim ua kom tau qhov kev tsis txaus siab no hauv txhua qhov project. Yog li ntawd, raws li kuv ib txwm hais, nws yuav nthuav kom pom lub tsev los ntawm ob puas metres, thiab ntawm nees nkaum, thiab ntawm ob.
