Archi.ru:
Thaum peb txheeb xyuas qhov project ntawm lub tsev "Verona" ob peb xyoos dhau los, tom qab ntawd lawv nrhiav tau ntau yam hais txog: Palladian qhov kev txiav txim siab loj ua ke nrog cov raj nplaim nkag hauv keeb kwm kev coj, St. Petersburg cov tawv nqaij xeb xeb, lub loggia ntawm kev nkag ntawm qhov kev txwv tsis tshua muaj feem ntawm sab qaum teb Art Nouveau, txoj kev "Mussolinian" mus rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cib thiab dawb pob zeb nyob rau sab facades … Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb rau koj thiab yuav ua li cas yog daim duab ntawm lub tsev palazzo-tsev ua, uas, thaj, raws li cov lus cog tseg, tau hais tias yuav zoo sib xws-tsis zoo li cov neeg nyob sib ze “Venice”?
Evgeny Gerasimov:
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov qhua tuaj noj mov txuas ntxiv kev ua lag luam zoo keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev Venezia. Venice yog dab tsi? Raws li Brodsky tso nws, "lossis loj carved hauv siab teem raws tus kwj dej." Nov yog qhov tshwm sim nrog peb. Qhov piv ntawm qhov dav mus rau qhov siab ntawm lub tsev yog ob mus rau ib qho. Nrog kev xav txog, nws dhau los ua xwmfab - ib qho dag ua kom zoo nkauj tiag tiag. Los ntawm lub tsev so "Sportivnaya", ntawm qhov chaw uas lub tsev tau ua, muaj tus ntaiv-qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob rau hauv dej, tus ncej nqaj tawm hauv dej, koj tuaj yeem khi gondolas.
Ua ntej, thaum tsim lub tsev "Verona" peb coj mus rau hauv tus account stylistic nyiam ntawm cov neeg siv khoom: "keeb kwm" hauv qhov dav tshaj plaws. Qhov thib ob - "thawb tawm" ntawm lub xaib. Tus qauv trapezoidal ua rau peb xav txog baroque architecture. Lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb saib ntawm Morskoy Avenue, thiab theem nrab los ntawm Projektornaya txoj kev thiab thaj chaw tiaj ua si hauv thaj chaw tau pom kom meej meej. Txij ntawm no tuaj lub tswv yim los ua semblance ntawm tsev Italian. Kuv nco txog cov pawg ntseeg Roman, San Giorgio Maggiore, cov tsev nyob ntawm Via del Corso, nyob hauv lub tsev loj uas tau ua los ntawm cov pob zeb, thiab cov thiv thaiv thiab cov thim rov qab yog ua los ntawm cov thwv cib. Kev coj ua rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Peb kuj tseem siv cov ntaub ntawv hauv zos rau ob lub tsev, tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Leningrad:
Clinker cib yog tsim los ntawm LSR, hauv "Venice" Jurassic marble tau siv, thiab ntawm "Verona" - Gatchina limestone.
Koj yuav txhais cov style coj ntawm "Venice" thiab "Verona": Palladianism, Historicism, Venetianism li cas?
Kuv yuav tsis nqaim nws mus rau Palladianism, Kuv yuav tsis hu nws nruj me ntsis neo-neoclassical. Qhov no yog keeb kwm. Reflections ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm cov ib txwm ua architecture. Peb pom cov txheej txheem no thoob plaws keeb kwm. Palladio pib, Quarenghi txuas ntxiv, leej twg, raws li koj paub, tso dag tso npe "Palladio duab ntxoov ntxoo." Ivan Fomin - tsis yog nws neoclassic? Classics yog tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Rome, ces Palladio yog neoclassic, Quarenghi yog neo-neoclassic, thiab Ivan Fomin yog to taub. Stalinist architecture yog tam sim no tus thib plaub thiab tsib thim rov qab, yog tias peb faib nws rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog xyoo 1930 thiab tom qab kev tsov rog xyoo 1950. Vim li cas tsis rov qab los ua cov txheej txheem no thaum pib ntawm 21st caug xyoo? Raws li Alexander Blok tau hais, "kev kos duab tsis yog qhov tshiab, tsis muaj ib qho zoo li no.
Muaj cov kws ua qauv uas txhawb nqa cov classics ua lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, xws li Mikhail Filippov, Maxim Atayants, Mikhail Belov … Muaj cov neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem lossis tsis xav ua haujlwm hauv cov classics ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus. Thiab tsawg kawg yog cov neeg uas ua "muaj zog", textured tsawg kawg historicism, thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm sib luag nrog kev lag luam tiam tam sim no. Koj yuav ua li cas?
Tus kws tshaj lij tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum ua tau txhua yam. Seb nws txaus siab yog lo lus nug thib ob. Tham txog keeb kwm tsis txhais tau tias ua kom tau. Kev paub txog cov ntawv ua nkauj tsis txaus yuav tsum yog kev sib sau ua ke, kos duab Piranesi paestums tsis txhais tau hais tias ua lub tsev tsim qauv. Kuv yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov lus qhia "cov lus txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi, qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb." Tsis muaj tab kaum rau kuv. Hauv peb lub hnub nyoog ntawm kev ua ntau dua, ua tsaug rau Vajtswv, tsis muaj leej twg tshuav nqi dab tsi rau ib tus neeg, thiab tsis yog tus tswv cuab. Thiab kev kos duab tsis muaj dab tsi rau ib tus neeg, nws yog tus kheej-txaus. Cov keebkwm zoo yog qhov zoo dua li tsis muaj kev ntseeg. Thiab vice versa. Kuv rau qhov zoo.
Koj puas pom koj qhov ua haujlwm keeb kwm thiab niaj hnub no ntawm kev sib txig sib luag? Cov twg yog qhov yooj yim dua thiab cov twg nyiam dua los ua haujlwm nrog?
Nws yog qhov txaus siab rau kuv los tshawb txog ob qho tib si hauv kev qhia meej thiab hauv qhov ntawd. Kuv mloog zoo li txhaws, txhaws nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm ib qho qauv, Kuv tsis nkag siab vim li cas kuv yuav tsum nqaim thaj tsam ntawm kuv kev muaj tswv yim. Qhov no tuaj yeem hu ua qhov tsis muaj kev ntseeg, lossis koj tuaj yeem hais Oscar Wilde: "Kuv muaj ib lub hauv paus - qhov tsis muaj ntsiab cai." Xws li hauv cov khoom noj: nws tsis yooj yim sua kom noj ib qho tais ib qho tag nrho koj lub neej, txawm tias nws yog qhov koj nyiam. Muaj cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo heev li
Richard Mayer, piv txwv li, leej twg ua ib qho, hauv qhov no dawb square architecture. Tab sis kuv yuav dhuav, Kuv yuav tuag ntawm melancholy, yog hais tias lawv hais rau kuv tias tag nrho kuv lub neej kuv yuav kos xwb pilasters. Qhov no tsis txaus ntseeg rau kuv, Kuv yog ib tug menyuam.
Kev coj ua keeb kwm rau kuv yog ib qho ntawm thaj chaw ntawm kev ua lag luam tam sim no, uas nws muaj nws qhov lag luam ntu. Nws tseem yog qhov txaus siab rau peb lub rooj cob qhia - rov ua tib zoo xav txog cov tswv yim tshiab hauv cov khoom siv tshiab thiab cov thev naus laus zis, kos duab, xav txog. Ib qho ntxiv, peb txhua tus xav tias zoo nkauj yog qhov peb siv los xav xws li qhov ntawd. Yog tias koj nug ib puas tus neeg yam lawv nyiam ntau dua: cov neoclassicism ntawm Ivan Fomin lossis Auguste Perret, lossis tsev tsim tsev, cov lus teb yuav paub tseeb. Léon Crier tau nug nws tus kheej txog cov lus no: hauv cov tsev uas muaj cov neeg ua yeeb yam zoo li Norman Foster thiab Jean Nouvel nyob? Cuaj tawm ntawm kaum nyob hauv cov tsev tsim hauv 18th thiab 19th centuries. Ob qho tib si peb - cov tuam txhab, thiab kuv, raws li ib tug kws tsim vaj tsev, xav paub txog kev tshawb nrhiav hauv ob qho tib si modernist thiab tsoos architecture, raws li tib neeg nplai thiab canons pom los ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv.
Raws li txuas ntxiv ntawm cov lus nug yav dhau los - kab tias
ib lub tsev nyob hauv Kovensky Lane thiab puas muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo rau khi txoj kev sib raug zoo thiab niaj hnub iav?
Ntawm lub xaib no muaj monument imperishable - Lub Koom Txoos ntawm Peb Tus Poj Niam ntawm Lourdes, tsim los ntawm Leonty Benois thiab Marian Peretyatkovich. Nws zoo nkaus li tsis ncaj ncees lawm rau peb los sib tw nrog lawv. Muaj cov pob zeb diamond twb tau nyob hauv qhov chaw no, peb tau ua qhov chaw ntsiag to thiab muaj txiaj ntsig: peb ntseeg tus neeg siv khoom kom txo qis qhov siab, nqis rov qab los ntawm kab liab thiab ua piazzetta - qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub ntsej muag ntawm sab hnub poob ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj tau qhib, hnub ci nchuav los ntawm lub qhov rais mus rau hauv plawv nave, qhov rai yas-iav pib ua si - qhov no tsis tau muaj ua ntej. Qhov chaw nyob thaj chaw, uas ntsib rau cov kab liab, yog tsim nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg kev sib tw: tus pas nrig yog sib npaug rau qhov dav ntawm lub qhov rais. Lub qhov dej qaij ntawd tau txhais raws li St. Petersburg lub qhov rooj thaiv hluav taws xob: nws yog qhov siab dua, lub ntsej muag, lub qhov rais yog me ntsis ntau chaotic thiab tsis muaj qhov nthuav dav li ntawd.
Koj xav li cas txog lub tswvyim ntawm "kev tsim kho"? Tom qab tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem tseem ua kom pom tseeb txog kev siv tshuab modernist
Yuav luag txhua yam tom qab Ancient Tim Nkij teb chaws thiab Rome yog stylization. Lo lus nug yog tias nws txawj los tsis yog. Peb pom kev tsim qauv ntawm Gothic, Romanesque … Los yog dab tsi Matvey Kazakov tau ua hauv Moscow. Qhib cov ntawv xov xwm niaj hnub no - tsis muaj kev tsim kho kom zoo nkauj, puas muaj ib yam tshiab cuam tshuam txog rau xyoo 1930, lossis qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub xyoo 1960-1970? Tag nrho cov kev tsim kho tshiab tam sim no nqis los rau ntau tshaj kaum ob hom kev qhia. Cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm Finland mus rau Portugal pleev xim tib txoj kev.
Hauv cov qauv tam sim no, tsis yog, tsis yog, yog, thiab tus sau ntawv ntawm cov lus txiav los ntawm
Stalinist architecture. Koj xav li cas txog nws - muab nws ntiab tawm, tab sis tsis txhob thau nws tawm; koj xav tias koj tau ntiab tawm mus; los yog, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, koj puas lees txais nws raws li keeb kwm kev muaj tiag?
Kuv tsis zoo nrog qhov no. Stalinist architecture yog qhov khoom los ntawm tib qhov siab ntawm cov plag tsev. Hauv classicism ua ntej Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ib, hauv lub teb chaws Ottoman style ntawm Rossi thiab Quarenghi, thawj theem yog chav ua haujlwm, chav tsev thib ob yog muaj kev ua kab ke ntxiv, muaj chav tsev thiab chav tsev manor. Ntxiv mus, qhov siab hauv pem teb poob, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov neeg nyiam nyob hauv qhov nthab. Tom qab ntawd, nrog tus txheej txheem txheem ntawm cov neeg hauv zej zog, muaj qauv txheej txheem ntawm cov plag tsev. Lawv feem ntau yog qhov zoo tib yam los ntawm qhov thib ob mus rau qhov cuam tshuam ib qho: ua ntej lub nthab yog rau Raskolnikovs, niaj hnub no lawv yog penthouses. Cov hom kev lag luam no ua rau lub sijhawm tam sim no zoo ib yam li Stalin's.
Stalinist architecture, txawm peb nyiam nws los tsis nyiam, yog ib qho ntawm peb li. Thaum peb tig nraub qaum rau qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov neeg tiam tam sim no, ua rau nws mob siab heev, xav tsis thoob: koj yog neeg Lavxias coj txawv txawv, koj muaj qhov ua tiav, thiab koj muab lawv tam sim ntawd. Los sis zoo li qub
herzog & de meuron, uas hais tias: koj lub Stalinist architecture yog nqaij! Lub ncov ntawm architecture, uas koj tseem yuav tsum mus thiab mus!
Nws tau sawv ntsuas ntawm lub sijhawm. Peb xam tsis pom qhov hu ua qhov ua tau zoo li lub sijhawm xyoo 1960-1970s "Khrushchevs", "iav" - lawv tsis dhau qhov kev sim ntawm lub sijhawm. Thiab Stalin's tsis khaus, qhov no yog qhov ntau heev - kom tsis txhob ua rau koj lub ntsej muag.
Koj li yuav luag tiav
qhov project ntawm "Russia Lub Tsev", los ntawm tib cov txheej xwm ntawm kev ua keeb kwm. Dab tsi koj xav tias muaj hmoo hauv nws, thiab dab tsi, hauv koj txoj kev xav, tsis ua haujlwm zoo heev?
Lub luag haujlwm yog ua kom muaj kev tsim ntau yam ntawm ib daim phiaj loj. Hauv nws cov ntawv nyeem, nws rov qab mus rau Petersburg chav tsev lub tsev: zoo li ntawm Mokhovaya 27-29, Kamennoostrovsky 26-28, lossis zoo li Tolstovsky lub tsev ntawm Rubinstein Txoj Kev. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho qhib kev tshav puam thiab ob lub tsev tshav puam, los ntawm qhov chaw uas tus neeg xauj tsev nkag mus rau hauv cov tsev sib txawv - cov kev cai qub tshaj plaws St. Petersburg txais tos.
Lub tsev yog symmetrical mus thiab los ntawm, nws muaj Lavxias siv - nws muaj qhov sib txig loj, thiab txhua lub cev thiab ncua ntu muaj nws tus kheej axes, raws li lub ntsiab cai ntawm lub tsev ntawm Senate thiab Synod. Nqaij los ntawm nqaij ntawm St. Petersburg.
Lub ntsej muag yog ib qho kev sim xav txog qhov ua ntej Petrine architecture, lub npe hu ua r la russe, raws li nyob rau sab Petrogradskaya, ntawm Staronevsky Prospect, raws li lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv kev hwm ntawm 300th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Romanovs ntawm Poltavskaya lossis Fedorovsky nroog hauv Tsarskoye Selo.
Muaj ib txwm muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm pre-Petrine architecture hauv St. Petersburg, peb rov qab mus rau kev coj ua uas, rau qhov pom tseeb, tau cuam tshuam rau ib puas xyoo. Nws txawm tias provocative, kev pheej hmoo: nws yooj yim rau poob rau hauv kitsch ntawm no. Tab sis peb cia siab tias peb nyob twj ywm ntawm daim ntawv zoo.
Thaum kuv taug kev los ntawm, Kuv pom txoj kev txaus siab tiag tiag: tib neeg tab tom thaij duab pem hauv ntej lub tsev, kawm lub ntsej muag, sim nkag siab tias nws yog dab tsi. Ib tug neeg nrog nws daim tawv nqaij xav tias nws tsis tuaj yeem raug yees duab thaij duab nws lub ntsej muag, txawm tias kaum tus neeg piav qhia nws txias npaum li cas. Thiab ntawm no cov neeg taug kev ntawm lawv tus kheej yam tsis tham thiab ntseeg. Yog li muaj qee yam nyob hauv.
Koj puas npaj siab los txhim kho lub ntsiab keeb kwm - koj twb muaj nyob hauv koj cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Renaissance txoj kev npaj, thiab neo-Lavxias style, thiab Northern Art Nouveau, thiab tsev "Stalinist" ntawm Pobeda Street - koj puas xav muab preference rau ib qho kev taw qhia?
Tsis muaj teeb tsa - “peb xav tau los txhim kho”. Peb ib txwm mus ntawm qhov chaw. Thiab los ntawm ib pliag puab hnov, qhov. Peb taug kev mus ntev, saib, sim xav seb qhov twg yuav tsim nyog, qhov twg yog rau tus neeg siv khoom, thiab dab tsi yuav zoo siab rau peb thiab. Txhua qhov chaw muaj latent yuav tsum tau hloov chaw, koj yuav tsum mloog lub suab luag ntawm qhov chaw.
