Archi.ru:
Puas yog txhua yam ntawm cov phiaj xwm saum toj no yog koj tus kheej?
Eduard Kubensky:
- Tsis tiag. Hauv qee qhov kuv nthuav tawm raws li kev sau, hauv qee qhov ua tus tswj hwm thiab txawm tias ib tus tswj hwm. Tus Qauv Qauv ntawm Lavxias Avant-garde yog kuv qhov kev sau haujlwm. Nws muaj kaleidoscopes (lo lus "qauv" yog cov lus siv rau lo lus "kaleidoscope") npaj rau tus kheej sau nrog sau (ib lo lus siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab ntawm kaleidoscopes: nws hais txog ntau yam uas ua lub hauv paus rau cov qauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm kaleidoscope). Icons ntawm vivid dluab ntawm Lavxias avant-garde, xws li lub xwmfab dub, lub qhov rais ntawm Melnikov lub tsev, kab sib chaws ntawm Shukhov pej thuam thiab lwm tus, ua raws li heaps hauv cov qauv tsim. Tus saib pom kev ywj pheej xaiv cov teeb tsa los ntawm 25 ntsiab lus pom zoo los ntawm tus sau. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txhua tus neeg koom nrog txoj haujlwm sib sau nws tus kheej kev teeb tsa, tau txais qhov kev lees paub kev ua lej ntawm qhov tsis txawv ntawm cov qauv yav tom ntej rau 500 lab xyoo. Cia li xav: 500 lab xyoo! "URA (Tus Qauv ntawm Lavxias Avant-garde), comrades!"
"Tus Kws Ua Haujlwm Tus Thawj Coj" yog kuv cov kws sau ua ke thiab kev ua haujlwm pub nrog tus kws sau ntawv ntawm TATLIN tshaj tawm lub tsev Maria Ryavina, tshaj tawm rau pej xeem thaum Lub Xya Hli 7, 2014 hauv Yekaterinburg yog ib feem ntawm kev ua koob tsheej txhua xyoo ntawm Ntiaj Teb Hnub ntawm Ural Architect, lossis DURA. Cov laj fai ua haujlwm ntawm lub caij so, yog tias kuv yuav hais li ntawd, yog cov ncauj lus tam sim no ntawm kev tshaj lij hauv zej zog. Xyoo 2014, lub ntsiab lus no yog kaum xyoo ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Lavxias Architects. Kom peb xav tsis thoob, peb pom nrog tu siab tias feem ntau ntawm kev xyaum Lavxias cov kws tshaj lij tsis tau nyeem nws, lossis tsis tau xav tias muaj sia nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawd, thaum nws hais txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Peb tau txiav txim siab hloov kho cov kev cai tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov phiaj xwm kev kos duab.
Peb tes num muaj ob ntu. Thawj ntu - "Ntsiav Tshuaj" - muaj plaub "pob zeb" uas cov ntawv nyeem ntawm Codex yog "carved". Kev tsim kho yog ua raws li cov npuas dej zoo tib yam, them nrog Derufa plaster, ntawm cov ntawv uas muaj cov ntawv Codex luam tawm tau luam tawm nrog stencil. Cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm txoj cai "Tus kws kes duab vajtse yuav tsum" tsim lub hauv paus ntawm ntu thib ob ntawm txoj haujlwm. Peb rov tsim kho kom zoo li daim duab tsim kua muag ntawm phab ntsa los ntawm kev sib dhos Codex ntawm nws cov nplooj ntawv rau hnub Monday uas pib nrog “tus kws kes duab vajtse yuav tsum”; Hnub Tuesday, Wednesday thiab Thursday, muaj nqe lus ntawm cov kws kes duab vajtse uas, ntawm peb qhov kev thov, txuas ntxiv cov kab lus nrog cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv, thaum hnub Friday - aphorism ntawm cov kws txawj tshaj lij, kuj pib nrog cov lus "kws kes duab vajtse yuav tsum tau". Cov nplooj ntawv vas thib xaus nthuav qhia luv luv ntawm keeb kwm kev tsim kho hauv nroog. Nyob sab nraum qab ntawm daim ntawv qhia hnub caij nyoog, muaj cov lus txhais ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua vaj tsev. Daim ntawv qhia hnub yog tsim los nco nws cov neeg siv txhua hnub ntawm txoj haujlwm tshaj lij, thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj, uas thaum xub thawj siab zoo li yog yam khoom cuav, qhov tseeb tig los ua cov khoom yas ua npuas.
"Porosl" yog qhov kev ua yeeb yam nthuav dav uas qhia txog tsib xyoos kev coj ua ntawm TATLIN tshaj tawm hauv tsev hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov menyuam muaj tswv yim. Hauv lub moj khaum ntawm qhov project, ntau tshaj li ib txhiab tus menyuam ua haujlwm tau ua nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm cuaj qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov menyuam yaus kev muaj tswv yim Kev nthuav tawm yog kev tshem tawm cov pas hlau, sib npaug nrog cov naj npawb ntawm cov menyuam yaus kev ua haujlwm, tsau ntawm lub hauv paus thiab tuav cov ntawv luam ntawm cov menyuam yaus kos duab ntawm qhov siab ntawm ib 'meter'. Lub tswb nuv ntses yog teeb tsa hauv qab txhua daim duab. Cov tub ntxhais hluas "tua" ua rau lub qhov muag thiab lub ntsej muag txaus siab thaum lawv nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham nrog nws. Lub tswv yim piv txog kev nthuav tawm tau hais los ntawm ib tug phooj ywg qub ntawm lub tsev tshaj tawm, tus kws sau duab Vladimir Nasedkin.
Koj cov kev teeb tsa thiab cov duab nraaj tau paub zoo thiab tau tshwm sim nrog lub sijhawm zoo. Dab tsi txuas koj cov phiaj xwm kos duab nrog txhua lwm? Puas muaj qee yam leitmotif, hom xov lossis lub hom phiaj uas koj tau hloov mus rau?
- Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txhua txoj haujlwm, tsis suav tshwj, yog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav rau lawv tus kheej. Tej zaum yog vim li cas peb tes num thiaj txawv ua luaj. Peb muaj kev xav zoo ib yam ntawm keeb kwm ntawm architecture thiab kev coj ua niaj hnub, menyuam kev muaj tswv yim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus tswv. Keeb kwm rau peb yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem paub hauv ntiaj teb. Ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv keeb kwm keeb kwm thiab kev teb txhua hnub rau cov kev cov nyom ntawm peb lub sijhawm, peb tsim cov ntawv tshiab thiab txoj kev tshiab. Peb cov kev tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm ntev dhau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov kab lis kev cai. Tej zaum, qhov no yog tus kheej ntawm TATLIN lub tsev tshaj tawm, uas loj hlob tawm los ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm me me hauv vaj tsev. Rau peb, phau ntawv tsis yog ib pawg ntawm cov ntawv ntim thiab khi, hnav cov npog zoo nkauj lossis tsis muaj nws txhua, peb, ua raws li cov kws kos duab ntawm txoj kev, tau kawm los tshaj tawm cov kws sau ntawv cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov chaw hauv nroog. Daim paib tshaj tawm, daim ntawv teev caij luv luv, daim ntawv qhia kev, cov khoom txee, lub thawv, T-shirt thiab txawm tias lub tswv yim hauv nroog - qhov no yog qhov chaw tshiab rau TATLIN phau ntawv. Thiab nws tsis muaj tseeb tias cov ntawv no tsis muaj lub hauv paus, txawm hais tias, qhov tseeb, lub hauv paus yog ib hom ntawv tag nrho.
Koj puas xav tias, ib yam li cov kws ua yeeb yam hauv lub tsiab peb caug, uas kawm txog avant-garde tuaj yeem ua rau cov spurt tshiab hauv kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm kev kos duab - thiab kos duab zoo li? Yog tias yog, ces lwm lo lus nug - nws puas tsim nyog hloov nws? Puas yog nws zoo dua rau qhov txwv koj tus kheej rau kev nce qib kev loj hlob, kev loj hlob los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav?
- Kuv xav tias lo lus nug no tau teb los ntawm lub npe ntawm peb lub tsev tshaj tawm. Vladimir Tatlin rau peb ib txwm muaj thiab tseem yog lub cim ntawm kev coj ua dua tshiab. Ntawm kuv tus kheej, kev txhim kho tas mus li yog qhov kev lig kev cai tiag tiag. Txhua yam tuaj yeem yog lub zog ntawm xws li kev txav mus los - tshawb fawb txog avant-garde, kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim, lub ceg tawg, lub suab thov, punk kev tawm tsam, thiab tseem … nroog loj.
Hauv cov txhais lus, kev txhais lus yog qhov kev txav ntawm lub zog ntawm cov ntsiab lus, uas txhua ntu ntawm txoj kab ncaj ncaj nrog lub cev txav, cov duab thiab qhov ntev ntawm qhov uas tsis hloov lub sijhawm txav, tseem mus tib seem rau nws txoj haujlwm ntawm txhua lub sijhawm yav dhau los hauv sijhawm. Nws zoo li dhuav me me rau kuv! Kuv ib txwm tau nyiam los ntawm tsis-Euclidean geometry, qhov twg txawm tias cov kab khiav sib tshooj.
Yuav ua li cas yog avant-garde thiab tus kheej txuas nrog?
- Kuv yuav teb nqe lus nug no nrog ib qho ntawm kuv qhov kev xav paub, uas thaum kawg tig mus rau hauv lub dav hlau tswv yim. Ib hom hlaws ntawm Yekaterinburg constructivism yog cov dej ntauwd ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Uralmash thaj chaw, zoo dua lub npe hu ua Dawb Ntauwd. Cov tuam tsev dawb-pob zeb ntawm Vladimir Rus tuaj yeem raug hu ua lub cim ntawm Lavxias tus kheej. Yog tias koj ua tibzoo saib ze ze ntawm Dawb Tower ntawm Uralmash, nws tau pom tseeb tias avant-garde yog ib feem ntawm kev coj ua. Tus Dawb Tower sawv ntawm ib qho ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm Uralmash, uas tau siv yav dhau los siv rau kev tsim kho cov tuam tsev. Lub tsev loj ntawm lub pej thuam yog them nrog lub kwj deg, ib yam li hauv cov tsev teev ntuj. Cov kauj ruam khiav ntawm cov theem ntaiv ntawm Dawb Tower nrog cov vaj lug qis qis qis hauv nws kosoura zoo li thaj chaw ntawm monastic hlwb - qhov no tau pom tau sai, thaum koj hneev koj lub taub hau thaum nce nws. Thiab thaum kawg, tus ntoo khaub lig, tsim los ntawm txoj kab ntsug thiab kab rov tav ntawm lub qhov rais qhib ntawm lub ntaiv thiab lub tank. Tab sis tsuas yog hauv White Tower yog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog kev ua kom tau raws li lub siab xav ntawm kev tsim kho, thiab hauv cov tsev teev ntuj lawv tau txhais los ntawm canons tsim ntau pua xyoo dhau los. Nws yuav zoo li tias Lub Tuam Tsev ntawm Vajtswv thiab lub taub dej ntawm dej - dab tsi tuaj yeem yog qhov sib xws. Nws hloov tawm tias txhua yam! Txawm lub xub ntiag ntawm cov dej, nyob rau hauv uas ib tug neeg ib txwm coj tais ntawm kev cai raus dej.
Hauv koj lub tswv yim, koj puas tswj kom qhia qee yam zoo ib yam lossis txawm tias "qub" hauv koj cov phiaj xwm? Yog tias muaj, koj yuav piav qhia qhov kev nrhiav pom ntawm ncauj no li cas?
- Kuv xav tias qhov piv txwv dhau los, hauv feem, muab lus teb rau cov lus nug no ib yam. Kuv tsuas yuav hais ntxiv tias ob xyoos dhau los hauv kev tsim teeb ntawm lub teeb nruab rau ntawm lub Tsev Dawb Dawb muaj ib daim duab ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig.
Cov neeg tuaj yeem xav li cas los ntawm koj cov kev nthuav qhia, lawv lub ntsiab lus yog dab tsi?
- Ua ntej txhua yam, peb xav kom txhawb nqa tus saib. Nws yuav ua tus so nws tus kheej.
Koj mloog koj lub suab, leej twg yog koj li chaw nyob?
- Peb cov neeg tuaj saib yog peb tus kheej. Peb yeej ib txwm ua thiab ua qhov uas yog qhov zoo rau peb tus kheej nkaus xwb. Tej zaum kuv yuav hais tawm ib qho kev xav ua kom nkees nkees, tab sis kev ua kom zoo nkauj tua tau kev kos duab. Nws hloov mus rau hauv kev kos duab, qhov twg, ua ntej yuav ib yam khoom, tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum nrhiav txhua yam ntawm nws. Cov kws tshaj lij pabcuam txoj haujlwm ua tiav qhov kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, tshwj tsis yog ntawm kis ntawm kev ua ib qho kev piav qhia nrog cov phiaj xwm npaj tiav. Tab sis lo lus "kos duab" los ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic "kos duab" - kev paub, kev tsim txom, kev tsim txom (Latin eхperimentum - kev paub, kev sim siab).
Kev paub ntawm tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb! Peb yog cov tsim khoom. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv kev sim ua kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom lub siab nyiam, peb siv zog rau kev sim. Yog tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm peb cov neeg ua haujlwm tau nthuav dav rau peb ib puag ncig, nws yog hmoov zoo, yog tias nws yuav, nws yog kev vam meej.
Puas yog koj cov kev nthuav qhia cuam tshuam nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Architecture" xyoo no ("qhov tseeb zoo tib yam") thiab yog tias muaj, npaum li cas?
- Kuv vam tias lawv ua. Txhua qhov dej num peb pom nws tus kheej qhov tseeb. Kuv xav tias txij li xyoo mus rau xyoo peb tau pom zoo thiab paub tau ntau dua. Txawm hais tias, tej zaum, cov lus teb no yuav nrov rau lwm txoj kev ib puag ncig thiab tseem yuav tsis nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb, vim hais tias lub ntsiab hluav taws xob ib txwm tsis qhia tias yog leej twg.
Koj puas xav tias nws puas tsim nyog los saib tus kheej thiab qhov tsis zoo tam sim no, lossis tej zaum nws yuav muaj lub laj thawj ntxiv rau lub neej zoo? Los yog, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ntawm tib neeg cov teeb meem, tsis nco qab txog tus neeg qub?
- Thiab thaum twg yuav saib nws, yog tsis yog tam sim no ?! Kuv tsis tuaj yeem tso qhov no rau lwm tus, muab nws txawm yog Asadovs lawv tus kheej, vim qhov no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, kuv tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, ua qhov kev txhim kho hauv lub neej txhua hnub, Kuv, ua ntej ntawm txhua yam, teeb tsa kuv tus kheej cov teeb meem tib neeg thoob ntiaj teb, vim tias ib tus neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb tus kheej ntawm architecture - zoo li lwm yam kev ua!
